|
|
|
Responses of plant diversity and primary productivity to nutrient addition in a Stipa baicalensis grassland, China |
YU Li, SONG Xiao-long, ZHAO Jian-ning, WANG Hui, BAI Long, YANG Dian-lin |
1、Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin 300191, P.R.China
2、College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, P.R.China
3、Key Laboratory of Original Agro-Environment Quality, Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin 300191, P.R.China |
|
|
摘要 Nutrient addition can affect the structure and diversity of grassland plant communities, thus alter the grassland productivity. Studies on grassland plant community composition, structure and diversity in response to nutrient addition have an important theoretical and practical significance for the scientific management of grassland, protection of plant diversity and the recovery of degraded grassland. A randomized block design experiment was conducted with six blocks of eight treatments each: control (no nutrient addition) and K, P, N, PK, NK, NP, and NPK addition. We evaluated plant composition, height, coverage, density, and aboveground biomass to estimate primary productivity and plant diversity. Results showed that all treatments increased primary productivity significantly (P<0.05) with the exception of the K and the NPK treatments had the greatest effect, increasing aboveground biomass 2.46 times compared with the control (P<0.05). One-way ANOVA and factorial analysis were used for the species richness, Shannon-Wiener index, Pielou index and aboveground biomass, and the relationships between the diversity indices and aboveground biomass were determined through linear regression. We found that fertilization altered the community structure; N (but not P or K) addition increased the proportion of perennial rhizome grasses and significantly reduced that of perennial forbs (P<0.05), thus it presented a trend of decrease in species richness, Shannon-Wiener and Pielou indexex, respectively. Only the main effects of N had significant impacts on both the diversity indices and the aboveground biomass (P<0.05), and the interactions between N-P, N-K, P-K and N-P-K could be neglected. With fertilization, plant diversity (correlation coefficient, –0.61), species richness (–0.49), and species evenness (–0.51) were all negatively linearly correlated with primary productivity. The correlations were all significant (P<0.01). Scientific nutrient management is an effective way to improve grassland productivity, protect the plant diversity as well as recover the degraded grassland.
Abstract Nutrient addition can affect the structure and diversity of grassland plant communities, thus alter the grassland productivity. Studies on grassland plant community composition, structure and diversity in response to nutrient addition have an important theoretical and practical significance for the scientific management of grassland, protection of plant diversity and the recovery of degraded grassland. A randomized block design experiment was conducted with six blocks of eight treatments each: control (no nutrient addition) and K, P, N, PK, NK, NP, and NPK addition. We evaluated plant composition, height, coverage, density, and aboveground biomass to estimate primary productivity and plant diversity. Results showed that all treatments increased primary productivity significantly (P<0.05) with the exception of the K and the NPK treatments had the greatest effect, increasing aboveground biomass 2.46 times compared with the control (P<0.05). One-way ANOVA and factorial analysis were used for the species richness, Shannon-Wiener index, Pielou index and aboveground biomass, and the relationships between the diversity indices and aboveground biomass were determined through linear regression. We found that fertilization altered the community structure; N (but not P or K) addition increased the proportion of perennial rhizome grasses and significantly reduced that of perennial forbs (P<0.05), thus it presented a trend of decrease in species richness, Shannon-Wiener and Pielou indexex, respectively. Only the main effects of N had significant impacts on both the diversity indices and the aboveground biomass (P<0.05), and the interactions between N-P, N-K, P-K and N-P-K could be neglected. With fertilization, plant diversity (correlation coefficient, –0.61), species richness (–0.49), and species evenness (–0.51) were all negatively linearly correlated with primary productivity. The correlations were all significant (P<0.01). Scientific nutrient management is an effective way to improve grassland productivity, protect the plant diversity as well as recover the degraded grassland.
|
Received: 15 September 2014
Accepted:
|
Fund: This project was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31170435), the Key Technologies R&D Program of China during the 12th Five-Year Plan period (2012BAD13B07), the Fundamental Research Laboratory of the Central-Level Nonprofit Research Institutes, China and the Open Fund of the Key Laboratory of Environmental Quality in the Ministry of Agriculture and Agricultural Environment and Safety of Agricultural Products in Tianjin, China. |
Corresponding Authors:
YANG Dian-lin, Mobile: +86-13132188123,Fax: +86-22-23611820, E-mail: yangdianlin@caas.cn
E-mail: yangdianlin@caas.cn
|
About author: YU Li, E-mail: yupidou0826@163.com; |
Cite this article:
YU Li, SONG Xiao-long, ZHAO Jian-ning, WANG Hui, BAI Long, YANG Dian-lin.
2015.
Responses of plant diversity and primary productivity to nutrient addition in a Stipa baicalensis grassland, China. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 14(10): 2099-2108.
|
Alhamad N M, Alrababah A M, Gharaibeh A M. 2012. Impactof burning and fertilization on dry Mediterranean grasslandproductivity and diversity. Acta Oecologica, 40, 19-26Bai X, Cheng J H, Zheng S X, Zhan S X, Bai Y F. 2014.Ecophysiological responses of Leymus chinensis to nitrogenand phosphorus additions in a typical steppe. ChineseJournal of Plant Ecology, 38, 103-115 (in Chinese)Bai Y F, Li L H, Huang J H, Chen Z Z. 2001. The influence ofplant diversity and functional composition on ecosystemstability of four Stipa communities in the Inner MongoliaPlateau. Acta Botanica Sinica, 43, 280-287 (in Chinese)Bai Y F, Wu J G, Clark C M, Shahid Naeem, Pan Q M, HuangJ H, Zhang L X, Han X G. 2010. Tradeoffs and thresholdsin the effects of nitrogen addition on biodiversity andecosystem functioning: Evidence from inner Mongoliagrasslands. Global Change Biology, 16, 358-372Bai Y F, Xu Z X, Li D X. 1994. Study on seasonal fluctuationsof biomass for Leymus chiensis grassland. Grassland ofChina, 3, 1-5 (in Chinese)Collins S L, Knapp A K, Briggs J M, Blair J M, Steinauer E M.1998. Modulation of diversity by grazing and mowing innative tallgrass prairie. Science, 280, 745-747Elser J J, Bracken M E S, Cleland E E, Gruner D S, HarpoleW S, Hillebr and H, Ngai J T, Seabloom E W, Shurin J B,Smith J E. 2007. Global analysis of nitrogen and phosphoruslimitation of primary producers in freshwater, marine andterrestrial ecosystems. Ecology Letters, 10, 1135-1142Fridley J D. 2002. Resource availability dominates and altersthe relationship between species diversity and ecosystemproductivity in experimental plant communities. Oecologia,132, 271-277Gough L, Osenberg C W, Gross K L, Collins S L. 2000.Fertilization effects on species density and primaryproductivity in herbaceous plant communities. Oikos, 89,428-439Guo Y S. 2011. The influence of nitrogen on plant diversity inXinjiang Desert grassland. MSc thesis, Shihezi University,China. (in Chinese)Harpole W S, Tilman D. 2007. Grassland species loss resultingfrom reduced niche dimension. Nature, 446, 791-793Hautier Y, Niklaus P A, Hector A. 2009. Competition for lightcauses plant biodiversity loss after eutrophication. Science, 324, 636-638Hector A, Schmid B, Beierkuhnlein C, Caldeira M C, Diemer M,Dimitrakopoulos P G, Finn J A, Freitas H, Giller P S, GoodJ, Harris R, Hgberg P, Huss-Danell K, Joshi J, JumpponenA, Krner C, Leadley P W, Loreau M, Minns A, Mulder C P,et al. 1999. Plant diversity and productivity experiments inEuropean grasslands. Science, 286, 1123-1127Henry H A, Chiariello N R, Vitousek P M, Mooney H A, Field CB. 2006. Interactive effects of fire, elevated carbon dioxide,nitrogen deposition, and precipitation on a California annualgrassland. Ecosystems, 9, 1066-1075Inner Mongolia and Ningxia Comprehensive Expedition, CAS(Chinese Academy of Sciences). 1985. Inner MongoliaVegetation. Science Press, Beijing. (in Chinese)Janssens F. 1998. Relationship between soil chemical factorsand grassland diversity. Plant Soil, 202, 69-78Joseph M C, Randall D J. 2010. Plant nitrogen and phosphoruslimitation in 98 North American grassland soils. Plant andSoil, 334, 73-84Kassen R, Buckling A, Bell G, Rainey P B. 2000. Diversitypeaks at intermediate productivity in a aboratory microcosm.Nature, 406, 508-511Liu Z H, Chen X, Liang G D, Tang Z M, Yang L P, Yang QP. 2006. Current situation of degraded grassland andstrategies for rehabilitation in Maqu County. Pratacultureand Animal Husbandry, 8, 21-24, 29 (in Chinese)Qiu B, Luo Y J. 2004. Effects of fertilizer gradients onproductivity and species diversity in a degraded alpinemeadow. Journal of Lanzhou University (Natural Sciences),40, 56-59 (in Chinese)Qiu B, Luo Y J, Du G Z. 2004. The effect of fertilizer gradientson vegetation characteristics in alpine meadow. ActaPrataculturae Sinica, 13, 65-68 (in Chinese)Ren Z W, Li Q, Chu C J, Zhao L Q, Zhang J Q, Ai D X C, YangY B, Wang G. 2010. Effects of resource additions on speciesrichness and ANPP in an alpine meadow community.Journal of Plant Ecology, 3, 25-31 (in Chinese)Rothrock P E, Squiers E R. 2003. Early succession in a tallgrassprairie restoration and the effects of nitrogen, phosphorus,and micronutrient enrichments. Proceedings of the IndianaAcademy of Science, 112, 160-168Schellberg J, Moseler B M, Kuhbauch W, Rademacher IF. 1999. Long-term effects of fertilizer on soil nutrientconcentration, yield, forage quality and floristic compositionof a hay meadow in the Eifel Mountains, Germany. Grassand Forage Science, 54, 195-207Silvertown J, Law R. 1987. Do plants need niches? Somerecent developments in plant community ecology. Trendsin Ecology and Evolution, 1, 24-26Socher S A, Prati D, Boch S, Müller J, Baumbach H, GockelS, Hemp A, Schöning I, Wells K, Buscot F, Kalko E K V,Linsenmair K E, Schulze E D, Weisser W W, Fischer M.2013. Interacting effects of fertilization, mowing and grazingon plant species diversity of 1500 grasslands in Germanydiffer between regions. Basic and Applied Ecology, 14,126-136Stevens M H H, Carson W P. 1999. Plant density determinesspecies richness along an experiment fertility gradient.Ecology, 80, 455-465Theodose T A, Bowman W D. 1997. Nutrient availability,planta bundance, and species diversity in two alpine tundracommunities. Ecology, 78, 1861-1872Tilman D. 1984. Plant dominance along an experimental nutrientgradient. Ecology, 65, 1445-1453Tilman D. 1993. Species richness of experimental productivitygradients: How important is colonization limitation? Ecology,74, 2179-2191Tilman D, Downing J A. 1994. Biodiversity and stability ingrasslands. Nature, 367, 363-365Tilman D, Reich P B, Knops J, Wedin D, Mielke T, Lehman C.2001. Diversity and productivity in a long-term grasslandexperiment. Science, 294, 843-845Vance C P, Uhde-Stone C, Allan D L. 2003. Phosphorusacquisition and use: Critical adaptations by plants forsecuring a nonrenewable resource. New Phytologist, 157,423-447Waide R B, Willing M R, Stciner C F, Mittelbach G, Gough L,Dodson S I, Juday G P, Parmenter R. 1999. The relationshipbetween productivity and species richness. Annual Reviewof Ecology and Systematics, 30, 257-300Weiner J. 1990. Asymmetric competition in plant populations.Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 5, 360-364Wilson S D, Tilman D. 1993. Plant competition and resourceavailability in response to disturbance and fertilization.Ecology, 74, 599-611Xilintuya, Xu Z, Zheng Y. 2009. Influence of different stockingrates on underground biomass and net primary productivityon Stipa krylovii steppe in Inner Mongolia. Chinese Journalof Grassland, 31, 26-29Yang D L, Han G D, Hu Y G, Wuyungerile. 2006. Effectsof grazing intensity on plant diversity and abovegroundbiomass of Stipa baicalensis grassland. Chinese Journalof Ecology, 25, 1470-1475 (in Chinese)Yang X X, Ren F, Zhou H K, He J S. 2014. Responses of plantcommunity biomass to nitrogen and phosphorus additions inan alpine meadow on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau. ChineseJournal of Plant Ecology, 38, 159-166 (in Chinese)Yang Y H, Rao S, Hu H F, Chen A P, Ji C J, Zhu B, Zuo W Y,Li X R, Shen H H, Wang Z H, Tang Y H, Fang J Y. 2004.Plants species richness of alpine grasslands in relation toenvironmental factors and biomass on the Tibetan Plateau.Biodiversity Science, 12, 200-205 (in Chinese)Zhao X F, Xu H L, Zhang P, Tu W X, Zhang Q Q. 2014. Effectsof nutrient and water additions on plant community structureand species diversity in desert grasslands. Chinese Journalof Plant Ecology, 38, 167-177 (in Chinese)Zheng H P, Chen Z X, Wang S R, Niu J Y. 2007. Effects offertilizer on plant diversity and productivity of desertifiedalpine grassland at Maqu, Gansu. Acta Prataculturae Sinica,16, 34-39 (in Chinese) |
No Suggested Reading articles found! |
|
|
Viewed |
|
|
|
Full text
|
|
|
|
|
Abstract
|
|
|
|
|
Cited |
|
|
|
|
|
Shared |
|
|
|
|
|
Discussed |
|
|
|
|