Distribution and Research Advances of Citrus tristeza virus

doi:10.1016/S1671-2927(00)8552

Journal of Integrative Agriculture

2012, Vol. 12

Issue (3): 346-358 DOI: 10.1016/S1671-2927(00)8552

REVIEW

Advanced Online Publication | Current Issue | Archive | Adv Search

Distribution and Research Advances of Citrus tristeza virus

Sagheer Atta, ZHOU Chang-yong, ZHOU Yan, CAO Meng-ji

1.National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing 400712, P.R.China
2.College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, P.R.China
3.Key Laboratory of Horticultural Science for Southern Mountainous Regions, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, P.R.China

Abstract
References

Download: PDF in ScienceDirect
Export: BibTeX | EndNote (RIS)

摘要 Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) is one of the most important causal agents of citrus diseases and exists as numerous strains.CTV is replicated in phloem cells of plants within the family Rutaceae and is transmitted by a few of aphid species. CTVepidemics have caused death of millions of citrus trees in many regions all over the world, where the sour orange (Citrusaurantium) was used as rootstock. Also the production of grapefruit (C. paradisi) and sweet orange (C. sinensis) hasbeen affected by CTV strains. CTV gives uplift to three prominent syndromes, namely quick-decline (tristeza), stempittingand seedling-yellows. The disease is graft-transmissible in nature but not seed-transmitted. However, the tristezadisease in most citrus groves was a man-made problem created by the desire of horticulturists to introduce cultivars fromother citrus growing areas. The utmost importance of the disease called for review articles in numbers of plant protection,epidemiology books, citriculture and proceedings. This review collects the information with respects to disease history,distribution host range, virus isolates association, identification and detection, transmission and management; especiallyon the current status of CTV prevailing and controlling in Pakistan. It provides valuable information for CTV disease andits controlling approaches.

Abstract Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) is one of the most important causal agents of citrus diseases and exists as numerous strains.CTV is replicated in phloem cells of plants within the family Rutaceae and is transmitted by a few of aphid species. CTVepidemics have caused death of millions of citrus trees in many regions all over the world, where the sour orange (Citrusaurantium) was used as rootstock. Also the production of grapefruit (C. paradisi) and sweet orange (C. sinensis) hasbeen affected by CTV strains. CTV gives uplift to three prominent syndromes, namely quick-decline (tristeza), stempittingand seedling-yellows. The disease is graft-transmissible in nature but not seed-transmitted. However, the tristezadisease in most citrus groves was a man-made problem created by the desire of horticulturists to introduce cultivars fromother citrus growing areas. The utmost importance of the disease called for review articles in numbers of plant protection,epidemiology books, citriculture and proceedings. This review collects the information with respects to disease history,distribution host range, virus isolates association, identification and detection, transmission and management; especiallyon the current status of CTV prevailing and controlling in Pakistan. It provides valuable information for CTV disease andits controlling approaches.

Keywords: Citrus tristeza virus epidemic status in Pakistan control

Received: 18 March 2011 Accepted:

Fund:

This study was supported by the National Natural ScienceFoundation of China (30471205), the Special Fund for AgroscientificResearch in the Public Interest, China (200903004-06), the Program for Changjiang Scholars and InnovativeResearch Team in University, China (PCSIRT, IRT0976),and the Chinese Scholarship Council, China (CSC).

Corresponding Authors: Correspondenc ZHOU Chang-yong, Tel: +86-23-68349601, Fax: +86-23-68349592, E-mail: zhoucy@swu.edu.cn

About author: Sagheer Atta, E-mail: sagheer_1328@yahoo.com

	Service
	E-mail this article
	Add to citation manager
	E-mail Alert
	RSS
	Articles by authors
	Sagheer Atta
	ZHOU Chang-yong
	ZHOU Yan
	CAO Meng-ji

Cite this article:

Sagheer Atta, ZHOU Chang-yong, ZHOU Yan, CAO Meng-ji. 2012. Distribution and Research Advances of Citrus tristeza virus. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 12(3): 346-358.

[1]Albiach-Martí M R, Grosser J W, Gowda S, Mawassi M,Satyanarayana T, Garnsey S M. Dawson W O. 2004.Citrus tristeza virus replicates and forms infectiousvirions in protoplast of resistant citrus relatives.Molecular Breeding, 14, 117-128.

[2]Albiach-Martí M R, Mawassi M, Gowda S, SatyanayananaT, Hilf M E, Shanker S, Almira E C, Vives M C, López C,Guerri J, Flores R, Moreno P, Garnsey S M, Dawson WO. 2000. Sequences of Citrus tristeza virus separatedin time and space are essentially identical. Journal ofVirology, 74, 6856-6865.

[3]Albiach-Marti M R, Robertson C, Gowda S, Tatineni S,Belliure B, Garnsey S M, Folimonova S Y, Moreno P,Dawson W O. 2010. The pathogenicity determinant ofCitrus tristeza virus causing the seedling-yellowssyndrome maps at the 3´-terminal region of the viralgenome. Molecular Plant Pathology, 11, 55-67.

[4]Ananthakrishna G, Venkataprasanna T, Roy A, Brlansky RH. 2010. Characterization of the mixture of genotypesof a Citrus tristeza virus isolate by reverse transcription354Sagheer Atta et al.© 2011, CAAS. All rights reserved. Published by Elsevier Ltd.quantitative real-time PCR. Journal of VirologicalMethods, 164, 75-82.

[5]Anonymous. 2008. Pakistan Statistical Year Book. FederalBureau of Statistics, Govt of Pakistan.Anwar M S, Mirza M S. 1992. Survey of tristeza virus inPunjab (Pakistan). In: Proceedings of the 1stInternational Seminar on Citriculture in Pakistan.University of Agriculture Faisalabad. pp. 413-416.

[6]Arif M, Ahmed A, Ibrahim M, Hassan S. 2005. Occurrenceand distribution of virus and virus-like diseases ofcitrus in north-west frontier province of Pakistan.Pakistan Journal of Botany, 37, 407-421.

[7]Asíns M J, Bernet G P, Ruiz C, Cambra M, Guerri J, CarbonellE. 2004. QTL analysis of Citrus tristeza virus-citradiainteraction. Theory of Applied Genetics, 97, 1145-1154.

[8]Ayllón M A, Gowda S, Satyanarayana T, Dawson W O.2004. Cis-elements at the opposite ends of the Citrustristeza virus genome differ in initiation and terminationof subgenomic RNAs. Virology, 322, 41-50.

[9]Ayllón M A, Gowda S, Satyanayanana T, Karasev A V,Adkins S, Mawassi M, Guerri J, Moreno P, Dawson WO. 2003. Effects of modification of the transcriptioninitiation site context on Citrus tristeza virussubgenomic RNA synthesis. Journal of Virology, 77,9232-9243.

[10]Ayllón M A, López C, Navas-Castillo J, Mawassi M,Dawson W O. 1999a. New defective RNAs from Citrustristeza virus: evidence for a replicase driven templateswitching mechanism in their generation. Journal ofGeneral Virology, 80, 817-821.

[11]Ayllón M A, Rubio L, Moya A, Guerri J, Moreno P. 1999b.The haplotype distribution of two genes of Citrustristeza virus is altered after host change or aphidtransmission. Virology 255, 32-39.

[12]Ayllón M A, Rubio L, Sentandreu V, Moya A, Guerri J,Moreno P. 2006. Variations in two gene sequences ofCitrus tristeza virus after host passage. Virus Genes,32, 119-128.

[13]Ballester-Olmos J F, Pina J A, Navarro L. 1988. Detection ofa tristeza-seedling yellows strain in Spain. In: Timmer LW, Garnsey S M, Navarro L, eds., Proceedings of the10th Conference of the International Organization ofCitrus Virologists (IOCV). IOCV, University ofCalifornia, Riverside, CA. pp. 28-32.

[14]Barbarossa L, Savino V. 2006. Sensitive and specificdigoxigeninlabelled RNA probes for routine detectionof Citrus tristeza virus by dot blot hybridization.Journal of Phytopathology, 154, 329-335.

[15]Bar-Joseph M, Garnsey S M, Gonsalves D. 1979. Theclosteroviruses: a distinct group of elongated plantviruses. Advances in Virus Research, 25, 93-168.

[16]Bar-Joseph M, Loebenstein G, Cohen J. 1972. Furtherpurification and characterization of threadlike particlesassociated with the citrus tristeza disease. Virology,50, 821-828.

[17]Bar-Joseph M, Marcus R, Lee R F. 1989. The continuouschallenge of Citrus tristeza virus control. AnnualReview of Physiology, 27, 291-316.

[18]Batuman O, Che Y, Moskowits O, Cohen M, Mawassi M,Bar-Joseph M. 2004. Variation in composition andbiology of Citrus tristeza virus defective RNAs. APSAnnual Meeting, Anaheim, California.Batuman O, Mawassi M, Bar-Joseph M. 2006. Transgenesconsisting of a dsRNA of an RNAi suppressor plus the3´ UTR provide resistance to Citrus tristeza virussequences in Nicotiana benthamiana but not in citrus.Virus Genes, 33, 319-327.

[19]Broadbent P, Bevington K B, Coote B G. 1991. Control ofstem-pitting of grapefruit in Australia by mild straincross protection. In: Proceedings of the 11thConference of the International Organization of CitrusVirologists (IOCV). IOCV, University of California,Riverside, CA. pp. 64-70.

[20]Broadbent P, Brlansky R H, Indsto J. 1996. Biologicalcharacterization of Australian isolates of Citrus tristezavirus and separation of sub-isolates by single aphidtransmission. Plant Disease, 80, 329-333.

[21]Cambra M, Bertolini E, Olmos A, Capote N. 2006. Molecularmethods for detection and quantitation of virus inaphids. In: Cooper I, Kuhne T, Polischuk V, eds., Virusdiseases and Crop Biosecurity. Springer, Dordrecht,The Netherlands. pp. 81-88.

[22]Cambra M, Camarasa E, Gorris M T, Garnsey S M, Gumpf DJ, Tsai M C. 1993. Epitope diversity of isolates of Citrustristeza virus in Spain. In: Proceedings of the 12thConference of the International Organization of CitrusVirologists (IOCV). IOCV, University of California,Riverside, CA. pp. 33-38.

[23]Cambra M, Gorris M T, Marroquín C, Román M P, OlmosA, Martinez M C, Hermoso de Mendoza A, López A,Navarro L. 2000a. Incidence and epidemiology of Citrustristeza virus in the Valencian Community of Spain.Virus Research, 71, 85-95.

[24]Cambra M, Gorris M T, Román M P, Terrada E, Garnsey SM, Camarasa E, Olmos A, Colomer M. 2000b. Routinedetection of Citrus tristeza virus by directImmunoprinting-ELISA method using specificmonoclonal and recombinant antibodies. In:Proceedings of the 14th Conference of theInternational Organization of Citrus Virologists(IOCV). IOCV, University of California, Riverside, CA.pp. 34-41.

[25]Cambra M, Moreno P, Navarro L. 1979. Detección rápidadel virus de la tristeza de los cítricos (CTV) mediante latécnica inmunoenzimática ELISA-sandwich. Ann. INIA,Ser. Prot. Veg. 12, 115-125. (in Spanish)

[26]Cambra M, Olmos A, Gorris M T, Marroquín C, Esteban O,Garnsey S M, Llauger R, Batista L, Peña I, Hermoso deMendoza A. 2000c. Detection of Citrus tristeza virusby print capture and squash capture-PCR in planttissues and single aphids. In: Proceedings of the 14thConference of the International Organization of CitrusDistribution and Research Advances of Citrus tristeza virus 355© 2011, CAAS. All rights reserved. Published by Elsevier Ltd.Virologists (IOCV). IOCV, University of California,Riverside, CA. pp. 42-49.

[27]Catara A, Azzaro A, Davino M, Grimaldi V, Hussain M,Salim A, Mirza M S. 1991. A survey for tristeza andgreening in Punjab (Pakistan). In: Proceedings of the11th Conference of the International Organization ofCitrus Virologists (IOCV). IOCV, University ofCalifornia, Riverside, CA. pp. 166-170.

[28]Catara A, Azzaro A, Mughal S M, Khan D A. 1988. Virus,viroids and prokaryotic diseases of citrus in Pakistan.In: Proceedings of the 6th Conference of theInternational Organization of Citrus Virologists(IOCV). IOCV, University of California, Riverside, CA.pp. 957-962.

[29]Chalfant A S, Chapman R K. 1962. Transmission of cabbageviruses A and B by the cabbage aphid and the greenpeach aphid. Journal of Economical Entomology, 55,584-590.

[30]Che X, Dawson W O, Bar-Joseph M. 2003. Defective RNAsof Citrus tristeza virus analogous to Crinivirus genomicRNAs. Virology, 310, 298-309.

[31]Che X, Piestun D, Mawassi M, Satyanarayana T, Gowda S,Dawson W O, Bar-Joseph M. 2001. 5´-Coterminal subgenomicRNAs in Citrus tristeza virus infected cells.Virology, 283, 374-381.

[32]Costa A S, Müller G W. 1980. Tristeza control by crossprotection: a US-Brazil cooperative success. PlantDisease, 64, 538-541.

[33]Dasgupta I, Malathi V J, Mukherjee S K. 2003. Geneticengineering for virus resistance. Current Science, 84,341-354.

[34]Davino S, Davino M, Sambade A, Guardo M, Caruso A.2003. The first Citrus tristeza virus outbreak found in arelevant citrus producing area of Sicily, Italy. PlantDisease, 87, 314.Domínguez A, Hermoso de Mendoza A, Guerri J, CambraM, Navarro L, Moreno P, Peña L. 2002. Pathogenderivedresistance to Citrus tristeza virus in transgenicMexican lime (Citrus aurantifolia (Christm.) Swing.)plants expressing its p25 coat protein gene. MolecularBreeding, 10, 1-10.

[35]EPPO. 2006. Citrus tristeza closterovirus. Distribution mapsof quarantine pests for Europe. Data sheet onquarantine pesrs of Europe.Fabre F, Kervarrec C, Mieuzet L, Riault G, Vialatte A, JacquotE. 2003. Improvement of Barley yellow dwarf virus-PAV detection in single aphids using a fluorescent realtime RT-PCR. Journal of Virology Methods, 110, 51-60.

[36]Fagoaga C, López C, Moreno P, Navarro L, Flores R, PeñaL. 2005. Viral-like symptoms induced by the ectopicexpresión of the p23 of Citrus tristeza virus are citrusspecific and do not correlate with the pathogenicity ofthe virus strain. Molecular Plant-MicrobeInteractions, 18, 435-445.

[37]Febres V J, Ashoulin L, Mawassi M, Frank A, Bar-JosephM, Manjunath K L, Lee R F, Niblett C L. 1996. The p27protein is present at one end of Citrus tristeza virusparticles. Phytopathology, 86, 1331-1335.

[38]Febres V J, Niblett C L, Lee R F, Moore G A. 2003.Characterization of grapefruit plants (Citrus paradisiMacf.) transformed with citrus tristeza closterovirusgenes. Plant Cell Reports, 21, 421-428.

[39]Fraser L. 1952. Seedling-yellows, an unreported virusdisease of citrus. Agricultural Gazette of New SouthWales, 63, 125-131.

[40]Garnsey S M, Barrett H C, Hutchinson D J. 1987.Identification of Citrus tristeza virus resistance in citrusr e l a t i v e s a n d i t s p o t e n t i a l a p p l i c a t i o n s .Phytophylactica, 19, 187-191.

[41]Garnsey S M, Gonsalves D, Purcifull D E. 1977. Mechanicaltransmission of Citrus tristeza virus. Phytopathology,67, 965-968.

[42]Garnsey S M, Gottwald T R, Yokomi R K. 1998. Controlstrategies for Citrus tristeza virus. In: Hadidi A,Khetarpal R, Koganezawa H, eds., Plant Virus DiseaseControl. APS Press, St. Paul, MN. pp. 639-658.

[43]Garnsey S M, Gottwald T R, Hilf M E, Matos L, Borbón J.2000. Emergence and spread of severe strains of Citrustristeza virus isolates in the Dominican Republic. In: daGraça J V, Lee R F, Yokomi R K, eds., Proceedings ofthe 14th Conference of the International Organizationof Citrus Virologists (IOCV). IOCV, Riverside, CA. pp.57-68.

[44]Ghorbel R, López C, Moreno P, Navarro L, Flores R, Peña L.2001. Transgenic citrus plants expressing the Citrustristeza virus p23 protein exhibit viral-like symptoms.Molecular Plant Pathology, 2, 27-36.

[45]da Graça J V, Marais L J, von Broembsen L A. 1984. Severetristeza stem pitting decline of young grapefruit in SouthAfrica. In: Proceedings of the 9th Conference of theInternational Organization of Citrus Virologists(IOCV). IOCV, University of California, Riverside, CA.pp. 62-65.

[46]Gottwald T, Polek M, Riley K. 2002. History, presentincidence, and spatial distribution of Citrus tristeza virusin the California Central Valley. In: Duran-Vila N, MilneR G, da Graça J V, eds., Proceedings of the 15thConference of the International Organization of CitrusVirologists. IOCV, Riverside, CA. pp. 83-94.

[47]Gottwald T R, Garnsey S M, Cambra M, Moreno P, Irey M,Borbón J. 1996. Differential effects of Toxopteracitricida vs. Aphis gossypii on temporal increase andspatial patterns of spread of citrus tristeza. In:Proceedings of the 13th Conference of theInternational Organization of Citrus Virologists(IOCV). IOCV, University of California, Riverside, CA.pp. 120-129.

[48]Gottwald T R, Gibson G J, Garnsey S M, Irey M. 1999.Examination of the effect of aphid vector populationcomposition on the spatial dynamics of citrus tristezavirus spread by stochastic modeling. Phytopathology,89, 603-608.

[49]356 Sagheer Atta et al.© 2011, CAAS. All rights reserved. Published by Elsevier Ltd.Gowda S, Stayanarayana T, Ayllón M A, Albiach-Marti MR, Mawass M, Rabindran S, Garnsey S M, Dawson WO. 2001. Characterization of the cis-acting elementscontrolling subgenomic mRNAs of Citrus tristeza virus:production of positive-and negative-stranded 3´-terminal and positive-stranded 5´-terminalRNAs.Virology, 286, 151-154.

[50]Gowda S, Stayanarayana T, Ayllón M A, Moreno P, FloresR, Dawson W O. 2003. The conserved structures of the5´ nontranslated region of Citrus tristeza virus areinvolved in replication and virion assembly. Virology,317, 50-64.

[51]Gowda S, Satyanayanana T, Davis C L, Navas-Castillo J,Albiach-Martí M R, Mawassi, M, Valkov N, Bar-JosephM, Moreno P, Dawson W O. 2000. The p20 geneproduct of Citrus tristeza virus accumulates in theamorphous inclusion bodies. Virology, 274, 246-254.

[52]Gowda S, Satyanarayana T, Robertson C J, Garnsey S M,Dawson W O. 2005. Infection of citrus plants with virionsgenerated in Nicotiana benthamiana plantsagroinfiltrated with binary vector based Citrus tristezavirus. In: Proceedings of the 16th Conference of theInternational Organization of Citrus Virologists(IOCV). IOCV, University of California, Riverside, CA.pp. 23-33.

[53]Grimaldi V, Catara A. 1989. Detection of citrus tristeza andgreening in Pakistan through electron microscopy.Journal of Phytopathology, 126, 17-21.

[54]Halbert S E, Genc H, Çevik B, Brown L G, Rosales I M,Manjunath K L, Pomerinke M, Davison D A, Lee R F,Niblett C L. 2004. Distribution and characterization ofCitrus tristeza virus in South Florida followingestablishment of Toxoptera citricida. Plant Disease,88, 935-941.

[55]Hilf M, Mavrodieva V A, Garnsey S M. 2005. Genetic markeranalysis of a global collection of isolates of Citrustristeza virus: Characterization and distribution of CTVgenotypes and association with symptoms.Phytopathology, 95, 909-917.

[56]Iftikhar Y, Khan M A, Rashid A, Mughal S M, Iqbal Z,Batool A, Abbas M. 2009. Occurrence and distributionof citrus tristeza Closterovirus in the Punjab and NWFP,Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 41, 373-380.

[57]Iglesias N G, Gago-Zachert S P, Robledo G, Costa N, PlataM I, Vera O. 2008. Population structure of Citrus tristezavirus from field Argentinean isolates. Virus Genes, 36,199-207.

[58]Jiang B, Hong N, Wang G P. 2008. Characterization of Citrustristeza virus strains from southern China based onanalysis of restriction patterns and sequences of theircoat protein genes. Virus Genes, 37, 185-92.

[59]Karasev A V, Boyko V P, Gowda S, Nikolaeva O V, Hilf M E,Koonin E V, Niblett C L, Cline K, Gumpf D J, Lee R F,Garnsey S M, Lewandowski D J, Dawson W O. 1995.Complete sequence of the Citrus tristeza virus RNAgenome. Virology, 208, 511-520.

[60]Khan I A. 1992. Virus and virus like diseases of citrus. In:Proceedings of 1st International Seminar onCitriculture. Pakistan. 2-5 Dec., 1992. University ofAgriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan. pp. 343-352.

[61]Lee R F, Brlansky R H. 1990. Variation in the severity ofcitrus tristeza virus isolates from groves with quickdecline. Proceedings of the Florida State HorticultureSociety, 102, 1-3.

[62]Lee R F, Rocha-Pena M A. 1992. Citrus tristeza virus. In:Kumar J, Chaube H S, Singh U S, Mukhopadhyay A N,eds., Plant Disease of International Importance.Disease of Fruit Crops. Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs,NJ. vol. III. 456. pp. 226-249.

[63]Lewsey M, Robertson F C, Canto T, Palukaitis P, Carr J P.2007. Selective targeting of miRNA-regulated plantdevelopment by a viral counter-silencing protein. ThePlant Journal, 50, 240-252.

[64]Lim W L, Hagedorn D J. 1977. Bimodal transmission ofplant viruses. In: Harris K F, Maramorosch K, eds.,Aphids as Virus Vectors. Academic Press, New York,USA. pp. 237-251.

[65]Lopez C, Navas-Castillo J, Gowda S, Moreno P, Flores R.2000. The 23-kDa protein coded by the 3´-terminal geneof Citrus tristeza virus is an RNA-binding protein.Virology, 269, 462-470.

[66]Lu R, Folimonov A, Shintaku M, Li W X, Falk B W, DawsonW O, Ding S W. 2004. Three distinct suppressors ofRNA silencing encoded by a 20-kb viral RNA genome.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ofthe United States of America, 101, 15742-15747.

[67]Mawassi M, Mietkiewska E, Gofman R, Yang G, Bar-JosephM. 1996. Unusual sequence relationships between twoisolates of Citrus tristeza virus. Journal of GeneralVirology, 77, 2359-2364.

[68]Mehta P, Brlansky R H, Gowda S, Yokomi R K. 1997. Reversetranscription polymerase chain reaction detection ofCitrus tristeza virus in aphids. Plant Disease, 81, 1066-1069.

[69]Meneghini M. 1946. Sôbre a natureza e transmissibilidadeda doença “tristeza” dos citrus. Biológico, 12, 285-287. (in Portuguse)

[70]Moreno P, Ambros S, Albiach-Marti M R, Guerri J, Pena L.2008. Citrus tristeza virus: a pathogen that changedthe course of the citrus industry. Molecular PlantPathology, 9, 251-268.

[71]Moreno P, Guerri J, Ballester-Olmos J F, Albiach R, MartínezM E. 1993. Separation and interference of strains from acitrus tristeza virus isolate evidenced by biologicalactivity and double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) analysis.Plant Pathology, 42, 35-41.

[72]Mughal S M. 2004. Symptomatology, detection, distributionand management of virus and virus-like diseases ofcitrus in Pakistan. In: Proceedings of the 1stInternational Conference on Citriculture. Universityof Agriculture, Faisalabad. pp. 97-105.

[73]Nelson A, Roth A D, Johnson J D. 1993. Tobacco mosaicDistribution and Research Advances of Citrus tristeza virus 357© 2011, CAAS. All rights reserved. Published by Elsevier Ltd.virus infection of transgenic Nicotiana tabacum plantsis inhibitted by antisense constructs directed at the 5´region of viral RNA. Gene, 127, 227-232.

[74]Nikolaeva O V, Karasev A V, Powell C A, Gumpf D J, GarnseyS M, Lee R F. 1996. Mapping of epitopes for Citrustristeza virus-specific monoclonal antibodies usingbacterially expressed coat protein fragments.Phytopathology, 86, 974-979.

[75]Nolasco G, de Blas C, Torres V, Ponz F. 1993. A methodcombining immunocapture and PCR amplification in amicrotiter plate for the routine diagnosis of plant virusesand subviral pathogens. Journal of VirologicalMethods, 45, 201-218.

[76]Olmos A, Bertolini E, Cambra M. 2002. Simultaneous andco-operational amplification (Co-PCR): a new conceptfor detection of plant viruses. Journal of VirologicalMethods, 106, 51-59.

[77]Olmos A, Cambr M, Esteban O, Gorris M T, Terrada E. 1999.New device and method for capture, reversetranscription and nested PCR in a single closed tube.Nucleic Acids Research, 27, 1564-1565.

[78]Pappu H, Karasev A V, Anderson A J, Pappu S, Hilf M E,Febres V, Eckloff R M G, McCaffery M, Boyko V, GowdaS, Dolja V V, Koonin E V, Gumpf D J, Cline K, GarnseyS M, Dawson WO, Lee, R F, Niblett C L. 1995. Citrustristeza virus represents a new virus group encoding aHSP70 protein. Virology, 199, 35-46.

[79]Peremyslov V V, Pan Y W, Dolja V V. 2004. Movementprotein of a closterovirus is a type III integraltransmembrane protein localized to the endoplasmicreticulum. Journal of Virology, 78, 3704-3709.

[80]Permar T A, Garnsey S M, Gumpf D J, Lee R. 1990. Amonoclonal antibody that discriminates strains of Citrustristeza virus. Phytopathology, 80, 224-228.

[81]Powell-Abel P A, Nelson R S, De B, Hoffman N, Rogers S G,Fraley R T, Beachy R N. 1986. Delay of diseasedevelopment in transgenic plants that express thetobacco mosaic virus coat protein gene. Science, 232,738-743.

[82]Rai M. 2006. Refinement of the Citrus tristeza virusresistance gene (Ctv) positional map in Poncirustrifoliata and generation of transgenic grapefruit (Citrusparadisi) plant lines with candidate resistance genesin this region. Plant Molecular Biology, 61, 399-414.

[83]Retuerma M L, Price W C. 1972. Evidence that tristeza virusis stylet-borne. Food and Agriculture OrganizationPlant Protection Bulletin, 20, 111-114.

[84]Rocha-Peña M A, Lee R F, Lastra R, Nibblet C L, Ochoa-Corona F M, Garnsey S M, Yokomi R K. 1995. Citrustristeza virus and its aphid vector Toxoptera citricida.Plant Disease, 79, 437-445.

[85]Roistacher C N. 1981. A blueprint for disaster. I. The historyof seedling yellows disease. Citrograph, 67, 4-24.

[86]Roistacher C N. 1991. Graft-transmissible diseases of citrus.In: Handbook for Detection and Diagnosis. FAO,Rome.Roistacher C N, Dodds J A, Bash J A. 1988. Cross protectionagainst citrus tristeza seedling-yellows and stem-pittingviruses by protective isolates developed in green-houseplants. In: Proceedings of the 10th Conference of theInternational Organization of Citrus Virologists(IOCV). IOCV, University of California, Riverside, CA.pp. 91-100.

[87]Román M P, Cambra M, Juárez J, Moreno P, Duran-Vila N,Tanaka F A O, Alves E, Kitajima E W, Yamamoto P T,Bassanezi R B, Teixeira D C, Junior W C J, Ayres A J,Gimenes-Fernandes N, Rabenstein F, Girotto L F, BovéJ M. 2004. Sudden death of citrus in Brazil: a grafttransmissiblebud union disease. Plant Disease, 88,453-467.

[88]Roy A, Brlansky R H. 2004. Genotype classification andmolecular evidence for the presence of mixed infectionsin Indian citrus tristeza virus isolates. Archives ofVirology, 149, 1911-1929.

[89]Rubio L, Ayllón M A, Guerri J, Pappu H, Niblett C L, MorenoP. 1996. Differentiation of citrus tristeza closterovirus(CTV) isolates by single-strands conformationpolymorphism analysis of the coat protein gene. Annalof Applied Biology, 129, 479-489.

[90]Ruiz-Ruiz S, Moreno P, Guerri J, Ambrós S. 2006. Thecomplete nucleotide sequence of a severe stem pittingisolate of Citrus tristeza virus from Spain: comparisonwith isolates from different origins. Archive of Virology,151, 387-398.

[91]Sambade A, Ambrós S, López C, Ruiz-Ruiz S, Hermoso deMendoza A, Flores R, Guerri J, Moreno P. 2007.Preferential accumulation of severe variants of Citrustristeza virus in plants coinoculated with mild andsevere variants. Archive of Virology, 152, 1115-1126.

[92]Sambade A, López C, Rubio L, Flores R, Guerri J, Moreno P.2003. Polymorphism of a specific region in the gene p23of Citrus tristeza virus allows differentiation betweenmild and severe isolates. Archive of Virology, 148, 2281-2291.

[93]Sanford J C, Johnston S A. 1985. The concept of parasitederivedresistance genes from the parasite’s owngenome. Journal of Theoretical Biology, 113, 395-405.

[94]Saponari M, Manjunath K, Yokomi R K. 2008. Quantitativedetection of Citrus tristeza virus in citrus and aphidsby real-time reverse transcription-PCR (TaqMan).Journal of Virological Methods, 147, 43-53.

[95]Satyanarayana T, Gowda S, Ayllón M A, Albiach-Martí MR, Rabindram R, Dawson W O. 2002. The p23 protein ofCitrus tristeza virus controls asymmetrical RNAaccumulation. Journal of Virology, 76, 473-483.

[96]Satyanayanana T, Gowda S, Ayllón M A, Dawson W O.2004. Closterovirus bipolar virion: evidence for initiationof assembly by minor region. coat protein and itsrestriction to the genomic RNA 5´. Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences of the United States ofAmerica, 101, 799-804.

[97]Satyanayanana T, Gowda S, Boyko V P, Albiach-Martí M358 Sagheer Atta et al.© 2011, CAAS. All rights reserved. Published by Elsevier Ltd.R, Mawassi M, Navas-Castillo J, Karasev A V, Dolja V,Hilf M E, Lewandowsky D J, Moreno P, Bar-Joseph M,Garnsey S M, Dawson W O. 1999. An engineeredclosterovirus RNA replicon and analysis ofheterologous terminal sequences for replication.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ofthe United States of America, 96, 7433-7438.

[98]Schwarz R E. 1965. Aphid-borne virus diseases of citrusand their vectors in South Africa. B. Flight activity ofcitrus aphids. South African Journal AgriculturalScience, 8, 931-940.

[99]Suastika G, Natsuaki T, Terui H, Kano T, Ieki H, Okuda S.2001. Nucleotide sequence of Citrus tristeza virusseedling yellows isolate. Journal of General PlantPathology, 67, 73-77.

[100]Folimonova S Y, Robertson C J, Shilts T, Folimonov A S,Hilf M E, Garnsey S M, Dawson W O. 2010. Infectionwith strains of Citrus tristeza virus does not excludesuperinfection by other strains of the virus. Journal ofVirology, 84, 1314-1325.

[101]Tatineni S, Robertson C, Garnsey S M, Bar-Joseph M,Gowda S, Dawson W O. 2008. Three genes of Citrustristeza virus are dispensable for infection andmovement throughout some varieties of citrus.Virology, 376, 297-307.

[102]Terrada E, Kerschbaumer R J, Giunta G, Galeffi P, HimmlerG, Cambra M. 2000. Fully “recombinant enzyme-linkedimmunosorbent assays” using genetically engineeredsingle-chain antibody fusion proteins for detection ofCitrus tristeza virus. Phytopathology, 90, 1337-1344.

[103]Timmer L W, Garnsey S M, Graham J H. 2000. Compendiumof Citrus Diseases. APS Press, St Paul, MN.Tsai J H, Liu Y H, Wang J J, Lee R F. 2000. Recovery oforange stem-pitting strains of Citrus tristeza virusfollowing single aphid transmissions with Toxopteracitricida from a Florida decline isolate of CTV.Proceedings of the Florida State Horticultural Society,113, 75-78.

[104]Vaudano E, Costantini A, Cersosimo M, Prete V D, Garcia-Moruno E. 2009. Application of real-time RT-PCR tostudy gene expression in active dry yeast (ADY) duringthe rehydration phase. International Journal of FoodMicrobiology, 129, 30-36.

[105]Vives M C, Rubio L, Sambade A, Mirkov, Moreno P, GuerriJ. 2005. Evidence of multiple recombination eventsbetween two RNA sequence variants within a Citrustristeza virus isolate. Virology, 331, 232-237.

[106]Weathers L G, Hartung M K. 1964. Transmission of citrusviruses by dodder, Cuscuta subinclusa. Plant DiseaseReport, 48, 102-103.

[107]Yokomi R K, Lastra R, Stoetzel M B, Damsteegt D, Lee R F,Garnsey S M, Gottwald T R, Rocha-Peña M A, Niblett CL. 1994. Establishment of the brown citrus aphid inCentral America and the Caribbean Basin andtransmission of the Citrus tristeza virus. Journal ofEconomical Entomology, 87, 1078-1085.

[108]Zaccomer B, Cellier F, Boyer J C, Haenni A L, Tepfer M.1993. Transgenic plants that express genes includingthe 3´ untranslated region of the Turnip yellow mosaicvirus (TYMV) genome are partially protected againstTYMV infection. Gene, 136, 87-94.

[109]Zaragoza S. 2007. Aproximación a la historia de los cítricos.PhD thesis, Origen, dispersión y evolución de su uso ycultivo, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia. (inSpanish)Zhou C Y, Deborah H, Rachael C, Patricia B, John B. 2001.A method for micro and rapid extraction of Citrus tristezavirus (CTV) nucleic acid applied to RT-PCR amplification.Journal of Fujian Agricultural University, 30, 200. (inChinese)Zhou C Y. 1997. Occurrence guidelines and outlook ofCitrus tristeza virus in China. In: Proceedings of 1stChinese Symposium on Plant Virus and Viral DiseasesControl Researches. China Agricultural Scientech Press,Beijing. pp. 182-187. (in Chinese)

[110]Zhou Y, Zhou C Y, Song Z, Liu K H, Yang F Y. 2007.Characterization of Citrus tristeza virus isolates byindicators and molecular biology methods. AgriculturalSciences in China, 6, 573-579.

[1]	Min Tu, Zhongfeng Zhu, Xinyang Zhao, Haibin Cai, Yikun Zhang, Yichao Yan, Ke Yin, Zhimin Sha, Yi Zhou, Gongyou Chen, Lifang Zou. The versatile plant probiotic bacterium Bacillus velezensis SF305 reduces red root rot disease severity in the rubber tree by degrading the mycelia of Ganoderma pseudoferreum[J]. >Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2025, 24(8): 3112-3126.
[2]	Jun Wang, Feiyu Zhao, Wenfei Bai, Shiping Yu, Xu Yang, Hansong Li, Fanbo Shen, Xingyang Guo, Xinglin Wang, Wei Zhou, Qinghe Zhu, Xiaoxu Xing, Chunqiu Li, Dongbo Sun. *Metabolite of Clostridium* perfringens type A, palmitic acid, enhances porcine enteric coronavirus porcine epidemic diarrhea virus infection**[J]. >Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2025, 24(7): 2770-2791.
[3]	He Yan, Shuang Chen, Jingkun Zhao, Zhibing Zhang, Lunlun Chen, Renmei Huang, Yongmin Liu, Xiaojun Shi, Yuting Zhang. Dynamic changes in weed abundance and biodiversity following different green manure establishment[J]. >Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2025, 24(7): 2704-2718.
[4]	Wenrui Fan, Yuntong Chen, Mengmeng Yu, Yongzhen Liu, Yulong Gao. Advances on ALV-J in China over the past two decades[J]. >Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2025, 24(2): 429-440.
[5]	Weike Tao, Qiuli Chen, Weiwei Li, Shen Gao, Jiaqi Li, Yuhui Wang, Sajjad Ahmad, Yanfeng Ding, Ganghua Li. Optimizing rice yield: Evaluating the nitrogen supply characteristics of slow- and controlled-release fertilizers using the leaf nitrogen balance index[J]. >Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2025, 24(11): 4182-4195.
[6]	Hengxu Wang, Hao Hu, Tianyou Zhao, Zhaoqing Zeng, Wenying Zhuang. Trichoderma gamsii strain TC959 with comprehensive functions to effectively reduce seedling damping-off and promote growth of pepper by direct and indirect action mechanisms[J]. >Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2025, 24(10): 3926-3940.
[7]	Yingyue Xu, Xuanchen Zhou, Bin Yan, Yang Yue, Min Zhang, Haibin Yuan, Shuai Liu. Methyl salicylate reduces aphid abundance in maize through multiple modes of action[J]. >Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2025, 24(10): 3966-3977.
[8]	Jingyi Feng, He Zhang, Hongyuan Zhang, Xirui Kang, Hui Wang, Hong Pan, Quangang Yang, Zhongchen Yang, Yajie Sun, Yanhong Lou, Yuping Zhuge. Optimization of fertilization combined with water-saving irrigation improves the water and nitrogen utilization efficiency of wheat and reduces nitrogen loss in the Nansi Lake basin, China[J]. >Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2025, 24(10): 4034-4047.
[9]	Xu Zou, Jiqiang Chen, Yanwei Duan, Weixing Zhu, Qing Yang. Twinstar is a chitin synthase interacting protein with an essential role in insect cuticle biosynthesis[J]. >Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2025, 24(1): 209-219.
[10]	Zijuan Ding, Ren Hu, Yuxian Cao, Jintao Li, Dakang Xiao, Jun Hou, Xuexia Wang. Integrated assessment of yield, nitrogen use efficiency and ecosystem economic benefits of use of controlled-release and common urea in ratoon rice production[J]. >Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2024, 23(9): 3186-3199.
[11]	Xianying Zeng, Jianzhong Shi, Hualan Chen. Control of highly pathogenic avian influenza through vaccination [J]. >Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2024, 23(5): 1447-1453.
[12]	Qin Ma, Zizhen Fan, Ping Wang, Siya Ma, Jian Wen, Fengqin Cao, Xianwu Lin, Rihui Yan. *Silencing transformer* and transformer-2 in Zeugodacus cucurbitae causes defective sex determination with inviability of most pseudomales** [J]. >Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2024, 23(3): 938-947.
[13]	Tingting Zhou, Qian Zhao, Chengzhou Li, Lu Ye, Yanfang Li, Nemat O. Keyhani, Zhen Huang. Synergistic effects of the entomopathogenic fungus Isaria javanica and low doses of dinotefuran on the efficient control of the rice pest Sogatella furcifera[J]. >Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2024, 23(2): 621-638.
[14]	Canping Dun, Rui Wang, Kailiang Mi, Yuting Zhang, Haipeng Zhang, Peiyuan Cui, Yanle Guo, Hao Lu, Hongcheng Zhang. *One-time application of controlled-release bulk blending fertilizer enhances yield, quality and photosynthetic efficiency in late japonica* rice**[J]. >Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2024, 23(11): 3672-3691.
[15]	Yanfei Song, Tai’an Tian, Yichai Chen, Keshi Zhang, Maofa Yang, Jianfeng Liu. A mite parasitoid, Pyemotes zhonghuajia, negatively impacts the fitness traits and immune response of the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda[J]. >Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2024, 23(1): 205-216.

No Suggested Reading articles found!

Viewed

Full text

Abstract

Cited

Shared

Discussed

Cite this article:

About JIA

Editorial board

For authors