水稻耕作栽培Rice Physiology · Biochemistry · Cultivation · Tillage

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1. JIA-2020-2460大田种植的高产杂交稻在衰老期间叶片中脉和叶薄片的光合性能分析
GAO Zhi-ping, XU Min-li, ZHANG Hai-zi, LÜ Chuan-gen, CHEN Guo-xiang
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2022, 21 (7): 1913-1926.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(21)63676-6
摘要173)      PDF    收藏

本研究关注了高产杂交稻两优培九(LYP9)的中脉和叶薄片在水稻衰老阶段的光合特性:在衰老阶段,中脉中同化作用和蒸腾作用降低的速度较叶薄片缓慢,说明中脉具有相对更持久的光合作用和更强的热耗散。双向电泳结果显示,相较于叶薄片,中脉中的光合作用和能量代谢受叶片衰老的影响更小。在衰老后期,中脉通过叶黄素循环消耗多余的能量,比叶薄片具有更活跃的光合能力,因此我们推测两优培九的中脉和叶薄片在其叶片成熟过程中存在异步性,在光合途径中承担着不同角色。基于以上结果,本文为研究水稻中脉衰老过程的潜在机制和相关生理特性提供了新的途径和理论支持


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2. JIA-2020-2649在水稻高产水平下通过改变淀粉结构与理化性质进而改善稻米品质的氮肥运筹管理
ZHOU Tian-yang, LI Zhi-kang, LI En-peng, WANG Wei-lu, YUAN Li-min, ZHANG Hao, LIU Li-jun, WANG Zhi-qin, GU Jun-fei, YANG Jian-chang
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2022, 21 (6): 1576-1592.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(21)63678-X
摘要268)      PDF    收藏

本研究通过两年大田试验,以两个高产超级稻品种为试验材料,设置了不施用氮肥、高氮肥投入的当地农民习惯栽培方式、优化氮肥管理措施1和优化氮肥管理措施2共计四种氮肥管理方式。试验结果表明通过控制氮肥投入总量、增加种植密度和优化氮肥追施比例等措施,实现高产优质和氮肥利用率的提高。与当地农民习惯相比,优化氮肥管理分别提高了产量和氮肥偏生产力1.70%和13.06%,提高了籽粒淀粉和直链淀粉含量,显著降低了蛋白质含量。在优化氮肥管理下,支链淀粉短支链A链(DP6-12)和B1链(DP13-25)含量显著增加,淀粉结晶度显著下降,同时淀粉的粘度值增加,淀粉的热力学特性变优,从而提高了稻米的蒸煮与食味品质。以上研究结果表明优化氮肥管理可以缓解高产水平条件下因大量氮肥投入而引起的稻米品质变劣,实现高产优质和氮肥利用率的协同提高的目标,对水稻的高产优质生产具有实践和指导意义


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3. JIA-2021-0331 高日产机插中籼杂交稻生长及产量特征研究
DENG Fei, HE Lian-hua, CHEN Duo, ZHANG Chi, TIAN Qing-lan, WU Zhen-yuan, LI Qiu-ping, ZENG Yu-ling, ZHONG Xiao-yuan, CHEN Hong, WANG Li, REN Wan-jun
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2022, 21 (9): 2547-2558.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2022.07.030
摘要198)      PDF    收藏

该研究以西南地区近年来审定的20个杂交籼稻品种为主要研究对象,以日产量为聚类指标将20个水稻品种分类为高日产、中日产和低日产3个类型,并进一步分析不同日产量类型水稻生育进程、分蘖成穗、干物质积累转运及产量构成的差异。较低日产类型水稻,高日产类型水稻生育期缩短5-6d,分蘖发生速率则提高了13.33-16.13%。从干物质积累转运特性来看,高日产类型水稻拔节前干物质积累速率、积累量和比例显著低于中日产类型水稻,但其拔节-齐穗和齐穗-成熟阶段干物质积累速率均明显高于中日产和低日产类型水稻,从而提高了成熟期生物量。尽管,高日产类型水稻千粒重不及中日产和低日产类型水稻,但其每穗颖花数显著提高,加之结实率高,齐穗后穗部干物质积累量和营养器官干物质转运量大,最终使其产量较中日产和低日产类型显著提高了6.51–23.16%。综合来看,高日产类型机插杂交籼稻具有分蘖发生快,每穗颖花数高,拔节后生长速率快,齐穗期茎鞘干物质分配比例高的特征


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4. JIA-2021-0833 灌浆结实期水分调节通过对弱势粒淀粉合成的改善缓解高温胁迫对粳稻籽粒品质的危害
TONG Hui, DUAN Hua, WANG Sheng-jun, SU Jing-ping, SUN Yue, LIU Yan-qing, TANG Liang, LIU Xue-jun, CHEN Wen-fu
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2022, 21 (10): 3094-3101.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2022.07.012
摘要208)      PDF    收藏
温度和水分是影响水稻产量和品质形成的重要因子,灌浆结实期适度的干旱能够有效的缓解高温胁迫对水稻造成的伤害,但有关其淀粉合成的调控机理尚不清楚。为探明灌浆结实期高温与干旱对水稻淀粉合成的影响及其生理机制,本试验研究了4个不同处理下(对照(CK)、高温(HT)、适度干旱(WS)、高温干旱(HT+WS))常规粳稻淀粉相关酶活性及其基因的表达水平。结果表明高温和干旱对籽粒灌浆的影响主要发生在弱势粒中,并通过调节参与淀粉合成相关酶活性及其主效基因的表达水平,进而影响稻米淀粉的合成。高温和干旱有拮抗作用,适度干旱能够改善高温对稻米品质的影响。
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5. JIA-2021-0551 华中地区双季稻双直播模式下超短生育期水稻品种产量与抗倒性表现
WANG Xin-yu, XU Le, LI Xiao-xiao, YANG Guo-dong, WANG Fei, PENG Shao-bing
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2022, 21 (10): 2888-2899.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2022.07.035
摘要204)      PDF    收藏
双季稻双直播模式是一种省工、节本的轻简化栽培措施,可有效应对当前双季稻种植面积逐年下降的现状。华中地区温光资源有限,双季稻双直播模式必须选用生育期在95天左右的超短生育期品种才能保障安全生产。此外,因直播稻群体密度大、扎根浅,在实际生产中往往面临着倒伏风险高的问题。然而,目前关于超短生育期水稻品种在双季稻双直播模式下的抗倒性表现和抗倒性提高途径尚不明确。因此,本研究旨在揭示华中地区双季稻双直播模式下超短生育期水稻品种的抗倒机理。田间试验于2017-2018年在湖北省武穴市进行,设置高、低两个氮肥水平,选用四个超短生育期水稻品种为供试材料,于齐穗后15天测定倒伏相关性状。结果表明,超短生育期水稻品种在两个氮水平下的生育期和产量的变异范围分别为85-97天和4.59-7.61 t ha-1。在该产量水平下,弯曲力矩是造成氮肥处理和品种间倒伏指数差异的主要原因,而抗折力及其他茎秆形态指标并未显著影响倒伏指数。弯曲力矩主要受株高的影响,超短生育期水稻品种的株高从95.4 cm降低至80.5 cm,弯曲力矩降低32.0%,倒伏指数降低22.4%,但是产量没有显著降低。因此,在目前的产量水平下,降低超短生育期品种株高是提高双季稻双直播模式抗倒性的有效措施。但是在未来超短生育期品种产量潜力进一步提升的进程中,育种家们更应该关注增强茎秆抗折力,以进一步提高双季稻双直播模式的产量和稳产性。
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6. Deciphering the morpho–physiological traits for high yield potential in nitrogen efficient varieties (NEVs): A japonica rice case study
ZHU Kuan-yu, YAN Jia-qian, SHEN Yong, ZHANG Wei-yang, XU Yun-ji, WANG Zhi-qin, YANG Jian-chang
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2022, 21 (4): 947-963.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63600-0
摘要202)      PDF    收藏

选用氮高效水稻品种可减少氮肥的投入而不降低产量,但有关氮高效水稻品种的形态生理特征不清楚。本研究以3个氮高效粳稻品种和3个氮低效粳稻品种为材料并种植于大田,设置不施氮(0 kg N ha-1)和常规施氮量(180或200 kg N ha-1)2种处理。结果表明,与氮低效品种相比,氮高效品种在2种施氮量情况下均具有较高的总颖花量、结实率、产量和氮肥利用率。氮高效品种在穗分化期具有较高的根系氧化力、根干重、根长和根直径,灌浆期具有较高的粒叶比和茎蘖成穗率,抽穗后具有较高的氮转运量、干物质积累、良好的叶片性状包括较高的剑叶厚度、比叶重、光合速率,较高的核酮糖-1,5-二磷酸羧化酶/加氧酶、叶绿素、氮和可溶性糖含量,以及较优的冠层结构(较高的氮消减系数与消光系数之比)。上述形态生理性状与产量及氮肥利用率呈显著或极显著正相关。这些性状可作为培育和筛选氮高效水稻品种的指标。


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7. Root characteristics and yield of rice as affected by the cultivation pattern of strong seedlings with increased planting density and reduced nitrogen application
GUAN Xian-jiao, CHEN Jin, CHEN Xian-mao, XIE Jiang, DENG Guo-qiang, HU Li-zhen, LI Yao, QIAN Yin-fei, QIU Cai-fei, PENG Chun-rui
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2022, 21 (5): 1278-1289.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63595-X
摘要168)      PDF    收藏

针对双季稻高产栽培中存在氮肥用量大的问题,研究了壮秧增密减氮栽培模式对双季稻根系形态生理特性和产量的影响。结果表明,壮秧增密减氮栽培模式对双季稻单株根系形态特征的影响不显著,但对群体根系形态特征的影响显著,显著提高了群体根系鲜重、根体积、根数、根长和根干重。壮秧增密减氮栽培模式对单株根系总吸收面积和根系活性吸收面积的影响也不显著,但在分蘖期、抽穗期和成熟期显著提高了水稻群体根系总吸收面积和根系活性吸收面积。而且,壮秧增密减氮栽培模式显著增加了抽穗期水稻根系伤流强度以及伤流液中可溶性糖含量和游离氨基酸含量。与传统栽培模式(CK)相比,壮秧增密减氮栽培模式下的早稻和晚稻抽穗期根系伤流强度分别比对照高4.37%和8.90%,伤流液中可溶性糖含量分别比对照高12.85%和10.41%,游离氨基酸含量分别比对照高43.25%和37.50%。此外,由于有效穗数和结实率的提高,壮秧增密减氮栽培模式下的双季稻实际产量有所提高,2016年和2017年双季早稻实际产量分别比对照提高9.37%和5.98%,2016年和2017年双季晚稻实际产量分别比对照提高0.20%和1.41%。相关分析表明,不同生育期的大部分根系特征指标与实际产量呈显著(P<0.05)或极显著(P<0.01)正相关。


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8.
Higher leaf area through leaf width and lower leaf angle were the primary morphological traits for yield advantage of japonica/indica hybrids
WEI Huan-he, YANG Yu-lin, SHAO Xing-yu, SHI Tian-yi, MENG Tian-yao, LU Yu, TAO Yuan, LI Xin-yue, DING En-hao, CHEN Ying-long, DAI Qi-gen
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2020, 19 (2): 483-494.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(19)62628-6
摘要143)      PDF    收藏
The yield potential of japonica/indica hybrids (JIH) has been achieved over 13.5 t ha–1 in large-scale rice fields, and some physiological traits for yield advantage of JIH over japonica inbred rice (JI) and indica hybrid rice (IH) were also identified.  To date, little attention has been paid to morphological traits for yield advantage of JIH over JI and IH.  For this reason, three JIH, three JI, and three IH were field-grown at East China (Ningbo, Zhejiang Province) in 2015 and 2016.  Compared with JI and IH, JIH had 14.3 and 20.8% higher grain yield, respectively, attributed to its more spikelets per panicle and relatively high percentage of filled grains.  The advantage in spikelets per panicle of JIH over JI and IH was shown in number of grains on the upper, middle, and lower branches.  Compared with JI and IH, JIH had higher leaf area through leaf width and lower leaf angle of upper three leaves, higher leaf area index and leaf area per tiller at heading and maturity stages, higher stem weight per tiller and K and Si concentrations of stem at maturity, higher dry matter weight in leaf, stem, and panicle at heading and maturity stages, and higher biomass accumulation after heading and lower biomass translocation from stem during ripening.  Leaf width of upper three leaves were correlated positively, while leaf angle of upper three leaves were correlated negatively with biomass accumulation after heading, stem weight per tiller, and per unit length.  Our results indicated that the grain yield advantage of JIH was ascribed mainly to the more spikelets per panicle and relatively high percentage of filled grains.  Higher leaf area through leaf width and more erect leaves were associated with improved biomass accumulation and stem weighing during ripening, and were the primary morphological traits underlying higher grain yield of JIH.
 
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9. Putrescine, spermidine, and spermine play distinct roles in rice salt tolerance
Md Azizul ISlam, PANG Jin-huan, MENG Fan-wei, LI Ya-wen, XU Ning, YANG Chao, LIU Jun
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2020, 19 (3): 643-655.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(19)62705-X
摘要104)      PDF    收藏
Polyamines (PAs) play diverse roles in plant growth and development, as well as responses to environmental stimuli.  In this study, the effects of PAs on rice salt tolerance were investigated.  Salt stress resulted in the alteration of endogenous PAs levels in rice roots and leaves, where spermidine (Spd) and spermine (Spm) contents were increased, and putrescine (Put) content was decreased.  RT-qPCR analysis revealed that PAs biosynthesis-related genes ADC1, ODC, and Arginase were significantly downregulated by salt treatment; however, SAMDC transcription was significantly upregulated.  Exogenous Spm enhanced rice salt tolerance remarkably; however, exogenous Put and Spd undermined rice salt tolerance.  Transgenic rice plants overexpressing SAMDC display a higher ratio of Spm/(Put+Spd) and enhanced salt tolerance.  Salt stress also increased polyamine oxidase activities in rice, resulting in elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) production.  Our findings revealed that accumulation of Put and Spd substantially reduced salt tolerance in rice, likely by facilitating ROS production; whereas, conversion of Put and Spd to Spm contributes to rice salt tolerance.
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10. Application of brassinolide alleviates cold stress at the booting stage of rice
WANG Shi-qiang, ZHAO Hai-hong, ZHAO Li-ming, GU Chun-mei, NA Yong-guang, XIE Bao-sheng, CHENG Shi-hua, PAN Guo-jun
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2020, 19 (4): 975-987.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(19)62639-0
摘要149)      PDF    收藏
The objective of the study was to determine the physiological mechanisms of plants in response to brassinolide (BR) alleviating cold water stress on rice.  In this study, physiological responses of rice to exogenous BR and cold water submergence were investigated using the chilling-tolerant cultivar Kongyu 131 (KY131) and the chilling-sensitive cultivar Kenjiandao 6 (KJD6).  A total of 2 mg L–1 BR increased activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) and the contents of soluble sugar, soluble protein, and chlorophyll, but decreased the malondialdehyde (MDA) content in KY131 and KJD6 under cold water stress.  The observed decreases in SOD and POD activities and MDA content recovered quickly after plants were returned to irrigation with water at temperatures of about 23.0°C in 2014.  Additionally, the contents of nitrogen (N), phosphorous (P), and potassium (K) were increased by BR treatment under cold water stress.  Exposure to BR also raised the percentage of high effective leaf area and leaf area index at the heading stage.  Furthermore, it promoted soluble sugar synthesis, increased the rate of dry matter accumulation, and enhanced the export and translocation rates of the stem-sheath.  The yield in KJD6 was significantly (P≤0.01 and P≤0.05) higher than that of the control in 2013 and 2014, respectively.  The effect of BR treatment on rice leaf SOD and POD activities, MDA, chlorophyll, P, and stem-sheath K contents were more significant in KJD6 than in KY131.  In conclusion, exogenous BR effectively reduced the physiological and metabolic damage in rice due to cold stress at the booting stage, promoted functional recovery in plants that received irrigation with water at a normal temperature following cold stress, and mitigated the effects of cold water stress on yield.  The two varieties exhibited differential responses to BR; the weaker cold-resistant variety was more sensitive to BR and displayed stronger responses to exogenous BR.
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11. Characterization of eating quality and starch properties of two Wx alleles japonica rice cultivars under different nitrogen treatments
HUANG Shuang-jie, ZHAO Chun-fang, ZHU Zhen, ZHOU Li-hui, ZHENG Qing-huan, WANG Cai-lin
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2020, 19 (4): 988-998.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(19)62672-9
摘要139)      PDF    收藏
To understand the effect of nitrogen (N) fertilizer on rice (Oryza sativa L.) eating and cooking quality (ECQ).  Here, we investigated the ECQ attributes, physicochemical foundation of ECQ, and amylopectin fine structure of two Waxy (Wx) alleles japonica rice cultivars Nanjing 9108 (NJ9108) and Huaidao 5 (HD5) under four N rates (0, 150, 300, and 450 kg ha–1).  Sensory and pasting properties of the two cultivars varied depending on N rates.  Compared with the control (0 kg ha–1), the overall eating quality and sensory value were significantly decreased under the N rates of 300 and 450 kg ha–1.  Further, conventional descriptive analysis showed that the stickiness and retrogradation of cooked rice were significantly decreased.  These results indicated that application of N fertilizer seems to affect the texture of cooked rice, causing it to be less sticky, lowering its retrogradation, and consequently reducing its palatability.  Results from rapid visco analyzer (RVA) revealed that the peak and breakdown viscosities significantly decreased, while the setback viscosity and peak time increased under the N rates of 300 and 450 kg ha–1.  However, no significant difference was observed when the N rate was 150 kg ha–1, indicating that less N fertilization can maintain rice ECQ.  As the N rate increasing, protein content increased, whereas apparent amylose content, starch content, and gel consistency almost unchanged.  Interestingly, compared with the control, under N treatments, the percentage of short amylopectin branches in NJ9108 was decreased, but increased in HD5, as controlled by amylopectin synthesis-related genes.  Notably, SSI and BEIIb were down-regulated in NJ9108, whereas BEIIb was up-regulated in HD5.  Thus, the palatability of both rice cultivars was significantly decreased under excessive N fertilization as a consequence of reduced stickiness and retrogradation of the cooked rice, which might have resulted from an elevated protein content and altered amylopectin fine structure.  In addition, amylopectin synthesis appeared to be affected by N fertilizer and the genotype of the rice cultivar.
 
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12. Comparative analysis on grain quality and yield of different panicle weight indica-japonica hybrid rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars
BIAN Jin-long, REN Gao-lei, HAN Chao, XU Fang-fu, QIU Shi, TANG Jia-hua, ZHANG Hong-cheng, WEI Hai-yan, GAO Hui
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2020, 19 (4): 999-1009.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(19)62798-X
摘要113)      PDF    收藏
Indica-japonica hybrid rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars showed high yield potential and poor tasting quality when compared with common japonica rice cultivars.  Large panicle is a prominent factor of high yield for indica-japonica hybrid rice cultivars, and the panicle weight varies greatly among different indica-japonica hybrid rice cultivars.  It is important to research on yield and grain quality of different panicle weight indica-japonica hybrid rice cultivars.  In this study, two different panicle types indica-japonica hybrid cultivars were used to research on the relation of yield and grain quality.  The yields of two heavy panicle weights indica-japonica hybrid cultivars were significantly higher than that of two medium panicle weight rice cultivars.  The cooking and eating quality and starch properties of different panicle type cultivars were evaluated.  Yongyou 6715 (medium panicle) and Yongyou 1852 (heavy panicle) got the relatively higher cooking and eating quality.  Rice cultivars with medium panicle weight had more large starch granules and higher relative crystallinity than cultivars with heavy panicle weight.  Transition temperature and retrogradation enthalpy (ΔHret) of medium panicle type cultivars were significantly higher than that of heavy panicle type cultivars.  There was no significant difference in amylose content among different panicle type cultivars.  Protein content of heavy panicle type cultivar was higher than that of medium panicle type cultivar, and protein content is the main factor affect cooking and eating quality in this study.  The cultivar Yongyou 6715 got the highest taste value with the lowest protein content.  Thus, it is suggested that the emphasis on improving rice cooking and eating quality of indica-japonica hybrid rice cultivars is how to reduce the protein content in rice grain.  According to the results of this study, medium panicle type with high grain weight is the desired panicle type for high quality indica-japonica hybrid rice breeding.
 
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13. Effect of wide-narrow row arrangement in mechanical pot-seedling transplanting and plant density on yield formation and grain quality of japonica rice
HU Qun, JIANG Wei-qin, QIU Shi, XING Zhi-peng, HU Ya-jie, GUO Bao-wei, LIU Guo-dong, GAO Hui, ZHANG Hong-cheng, WEI Hai-yan
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2020, 19 (5): 1197-1214.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(19)62800-5
摘要105)      PDF    收藏
Mechanical pot-seedling transplanting is an innovatively developed transplanting method that has the potential to replace mechanical carpet-seedling transplanting.  However, the initial pot-seedling transplanting machine lacked optimized density spacing and limited yield potential for japonica rice.  Therefore, ascertaining the optimized density by wide-narrow rows and the appropriate transplanting method for yield formation and grain quality of japonica rice is of great importance for high-quality rice production.  Field experiments were conducted using two japonica rice cultivars Nanjing 9108 and Nanjing 5055 under three transplanting methods in 2016 and 2017: mechanical pot-seedling transplanting with wide-narrow row (K, average row spacing of 30 cm); equidistant row (D, 33 cm×12 cm); and mechanical carpet-seedling transplanting (T, 30 cm×12.4 cm).  In addition, five different density treatments were set in K (K1–K5, from 18.62×104 to 28.49×104 hills ha–1).  The results showed that the highest yield was produced by a planting density of 26.88×104 hills ha–1 in mechanical pot-seedling transplanting with wide-narrow row with a greater number of total spikelets that resulted from significantly more panicles per area and slightly more grain number per panicle, as compared with equidistant row, and yield among density in wide-narrow row showed a parabolic trend.  Compared with mechanical carpet-seedling transplanting, the treatment of the highest yield increased yield significantly, which was mainly attributed to the larger sink size with improved filled-grain percentage and grain weight, higher harvest index, and increased total dry matter accumulation, especially the larger amount accumulated from heading stage to maturity stage.  With the density in wide-narrow row decreasing, processing quality, appearance quality, and nutrition quality were all improved, whereas amylose content and the taste value were decreased.  Compared with mechanical carpet-seedling transplanting, mechanical pot-seedling transplanting improved processing quality and nutrition quality, but decreased amylose content and deteriorated appearance quality.  These results suggested that mechanical pot-seedling transplanting with wide-narrow row coupling produced a suitable planting density of 26.88×104 hills ha–1 and may be an alternative approach to improving grain yield and quality for japonica rice.
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14. Effects of light-emitting diodes on tissue culture plantlets and seedlings of rice (Oryza sativa L.)
YU Lan-lan, SONG Chang-mei, SUN Lin-jing, LI Li-li, XU Zhi-gang, TANG Can-ming
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2020, 19 (7): 1743-1754.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(19)62793-0
摘要128)      PDF    收藏
Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are a new light source with low energy consumption and high photoelectric conversion efficiency, and they can satisfy the energy-saving needs of plant culture systems.  However, the effects of LED light sources on rice tissue culture and rice seedling cultivation are poorly understood.  This study aimed to evaluate the effects of LEDs on the growth of tissue culture plantlets and seedlings of the rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivar Nipponbare.  The best light source for rice tissue culture was different from that for rice seedling cultivation.  Blue (B) LED light was the most appropriate light for rice tissue culture.  Under a B LED light, the time required for callus proliferation, differentiation and regeneration was the shortest, and the frequency of plantlet initiation, differentiation and regeneration was the highest.  A blue:red (B:R)=1:1 LED light facilitated the growth of rice seedlings and produced the highest chlorophyll and carotenoid contents and photosynthetic rates in the rice seedlings.  Abundant photosynthetic products were more effectively generated in the rice seedlings under the B:R=1:1 LED and R LED lights than under the B LED light.  B LED light is the most appropriate light for rice tissue culture plantlets and can be used as an alternative light source for rice tissue culture, and B:R=1:1 LED light facilitated the cultivation of robust rice seedlings and can be used as the primary light source for rice factory seedling cultivation.
 
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15. Effects of seedling age on the growth stage and yield formation of hydroponically grown long-mat rice seedlings
LI Yu-xiang, LIU Yang, WANG Yu-hui, DING Yan-feng, WANG Shao-hua, LIU Zheng-hui, LI Gang-hua
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2020, 19 (7): 1755-1767.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(19)62756-5
摘要158)      PDF    收藏
Understanding the characteristics of rice productivity is of great importance for achieving high yield formation.  However, such traits have not yet been studied for different ages of hydroponically grown long-mat rice seedlings (HLMS), which constitutes a new method of seedling cultivation.  Field experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of seedling age on the growth stage, photosynthesis characteristics, dry matter production, and yield of HLMS.  A conventional japonica rice cultivar (Wuyunjing 24) and an indica hybrid rice cultivar (6 Liangyou 9368) were used as test materials.  The results showed that the whole phase was shortened by 13–15 days for young seedlings (13-day-old) compared with old seedlings (27-day-old), which occurred because the growth process accelerated with the transplantation of young seedlings.  As seedling age increased, the dry matter weight of stems of individual plants and of the population increased at the transplanting stage but decreased at the maturity stage (MS).  Compared with that of 27-day-old seedlings, the average ratio of panicle weight to total plant dry weight of 13-day-old seedlings during a 2-year period increased by 3.71% for Wuyunjing 24 and by 3.78% for 6 Liangyou 9368 at the MS.  Moreover, as seedling age increased, the leaf area index and photosynthetic potential decreased for both cultivars, and the photosynthetic rate markedly decreased at the heading stage (HS).  With the exception of that of Wuyunjing 24 from the jointing stage to the HS in 2014, the crop growth rate was higher for young seedlings than for old seedlings.  Grain yield significantly decreased with seedling age, but no significant difference was detected between the 13- and 20-day-old seedlings for either cultivar.  Therefore, equilibrious and high biological yield formation, vigorous growth in the late stages, and high photosynthetic production capacity are important characteristics and causes of the efficient and sustainable output of photosynthetic systems and for achieving high yield formation in young transplanted seedlings (13–20-day-old).
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16. Effects of water application uniformity using a center pivot on winter wheat yield, water and nitrogen use efficiency in the North China Plain
CAI Dong-yu, YAN Hai-jun, LI Lian-hao
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2020, 19 (9): 2326-2339.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(19)62877-7
摘要136)      PDF    收藏
In recent years, the use of fertigation technology with center pivot irrigation systems has increased rapidly in the North China Plain (NCP).  The combined effects of water and nitrogen application uniformity on the grain yield, water use efficiency (WUE) and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) have become a research hotspot.  In this study, a two-year field experiment was conducted during the winter wheat growing season in 2016–2018 to evaluate the water application uniformity of a center pivot with two low pressure sprinklers (the R3000 sprinklers were installed in the first span, the corresponding treatment was RS; the D3000 sprinklers were installed in the second span, the corresponding treatment was DS) and a P85A impact sprinkler as the end gun (the corresponding treatment was EG), and to analyze its effects on grain yield, WUE and NUE.  The results showed that the water application uniformity coefficients of R3000, D3000 and P85A along the radial direction of the pivot (CUH) were 87.5, 79.5 and 65%, respectively.  While the uniformity coefficients along the traveling direction of the pivot (CUC) were all higher than 85%.  The effects of water application uniformity of the R3000 and D3000 sprinklers on grain yield were not significant (P>0.05); however, the average grain yield of EG was significantly lower (P<0.05) than those of RS and DS, by 9.4 and 11.1% during two growing seasons, respectively.  The coefficients of variation (CV) of the grain yield had a negative correlation with the uniformity coefficient.  The CV of WUE was more strongly affected by the water application uniformity, compared with the WUE value, among the three treatments.  The NUE of RS was higher than those of DS and EG by about 6.1 and 4.8%, respectively, but there were no significant differences in NUE among the three treatments during the two growing seasons.  Although the CUH of the D3000 sprinklers was lower than that of the R3000, it had only limited effects on the grain yield, WUE and NUE.  However, the cost of D3000 sprinklers is lower than that of R3000 sprinklers.  Therefore, the D3000 sprinklers are recommended for winter wheat irrigation and fertigation in the NCP. 
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17. Yield characteristics of japonica/indica hybrids rice in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River in China
XU Dong, ZHU Ying, CHEN Zhi-feng, HAN Chao, HU Lei, QIU Shi, WU Pei, LIU Guo-dong, WEI Hai-yan, ZHANG Hong-cheng
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2020, 19 (10): 2394-2406.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(19)62872-8
摘要103)      PDF    收藏
Although a lot of researches have been done on yield characteristics of japonica/indica hybrid rice, there is little information on differences of yield characteristics between different types of hybrid.  To determine common characteristics of japonica/indica hybrid rice (JIHR) and identify the differences between different types of JIHR, the present study assessed yield characteristics, such as panicle trait, leaf area index (LAI), above-ground biomass accumulation, and nitrogen absorption and utilization, among three types of cultivar of JIHR.  In our field experiments, three types of JIHR, e.g., Yongyou, Chunyou and Jiayouzhongke, were divided, and each of them has two cultivars, which were used as materials, meanwhile, using conventional japonica rice (CJR) Wuyingjing 31 and Sujing 9 were as controls.  The results showed that the mean yield of those JIHR was above 12 t ha–1 in 2017 and 2018, and was 31.9 and 32.2%, respectively higher than that of CJR in the two years.  Spikelet number per panicle of JIHR resulted in high yield.  Higher yield of JIHR was likely contributed to greater panicle number and more spikelets per panicle.  Higher yielding JIHR showed stronger tillering capacity, larger LAI and above-ground biomass accumulation from jointing to heading stages, which likely contributed to the higher number of spikelets per panicle.  The long duration from heading to maturity stages allowed more nitrogen accumulation of higher yielding JIHR.
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18. Morpho-physiological traits contributing to better yield performance of japonica/indica hybrids over indica hybrids under input-reduced practices
WEI Huan-he, MENG Tian-yao, GE Jia-lin, ZHANG Xu-bin, LU Yu, LI Xin-yue, TAO Yuan, DING En-hao, CHEN Ying-long, DAI Qi-gen
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2020, 19 (11): 2643-2655.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63251-8
摘要122)      PDF    收藏
It is widely reported that japonica/indica hybrids (JIH) have superior grain yield over other main varietal groups such as indica hybrids (IH) under sufficient resource inputs.  To date, little attention has been paid to yield performance of JIH under input-reduced practices, and whether JIH could have better grain yield performance over IH under input-reduced practices.  In this study, three JIH varieties and three IH varieties were compared in grain yield and their related morpho-physiological traits under two cultivation modes, i.e., conventional high-yielding method (CHYM) and double reductions in nitrogen rate and planting density (DRNP).  Our results showed that JIH had 8.3 and 13.3% higher grain yield over IH under CHYM and DRNP, respectively.  The superior grain yield of JIH over IH under DRNP was mainly attributed to larger sink size and improved sink filling efficiency.  Three main morpho-physiological traits were concluded for better yield performance of JIH over IH under DRNP.  Firstly, JIH had the reduced unproductive tillers growth, indicated by a higher percentage of productive tillers and the percentage of effective leaf area index (LAI) to total LAI at heading stage.  Secondly, a synergistic increase in biomass accumulation and harvest index were achieved of JIH, supported by higher biomass accumulation and leaf area duration during the main growth periods, and improved non-structural carbohydrate (NSC) remobilization after heading.  Thirdly, JIH had an improved canopy structure, showing as higher leaf area of upper three leaves and lower light extinction coefficient.  Our results suggested that improved morpho-physiological traits of JIH could lead to better grain yield performance over IH under input-reduced practices.
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19. Growth, yield and water productivity of dry direct seeded rice and transplanted aromatic rice under different irrigation management regimes
Muhammad ISHFAQ, Nadeem AKBAR, shakeel Ahmed ANJUM, Muhammad ANWAR-UL-HAQ
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2020, 19 (11): 2656-2673.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(19)62876-5
摘要134)      PDF    收藏
Sustainability of traditionally cultivated rice in the rice-wheat cropping zone (RWCZ) of Pakistan is dwindling due to the high cost of production, declining water resources and escalating labour availability.  Thus, farmers and researchers are compelled to find promising alternatives to traditional transplanted rice (TPR).  A field study was conducted in Punjab, Pakistan, in 2017 and 2018 to explore the trade-offs between water saving and paddy yield, water productivity and economics of two aromatic rice varieties under dry direct seeded rice (DDSR) and TPR.  The experiment was comprised of three irrigation regimes on the basis of soil moisture tension (SMT) viz., continuous flooded (>–10 kPa SMT), alternate wetting and drying (AWD) (–20 kPa SMT) and aerobic rice (–40 kPa SMT), maintained under TPR and DDSR systems.   Two aromatic rice verities: Basmati-515 and Chenab Basmati-2016 were used during both years of study.  In both years, DDSR produced higher yields (13–18%) and reduced the total water inputs (8–12%) in comparison to TPR.  In comparison to traditional continuous flooded (CF), AWD under DDSR reduced total water input by 27–29% and improved the leaf area index (LAI), tillering, yield (7–9%), and water productivity (44–50%).  The performance of AWD with regard to water savings and increased productivity was much higher in DDSR system as compared to AWD in TPR system.  Cultivation of DDSR with aerobic irrigation improved water savings (49–55%) and water productivity (22–30%) at the expense of paddy yield reduction (36–39%) and spikelet sterility.  With regard to variety, the highest paddy yield (6.6 and 6.7 t ha–1) was recorded in DDSR using Chenab Basmati-2016 under AWD irrigation threshold that attributed to high tiller density and LAI.  The economic analysis showed DDSR as more beneficial rice establishment method than TPR with a high benefit-cost ratio (BCR) when the crop was irrigated with AWD irrigation threshold.  Our results highlighted that with the use of short duration varieties, DDSR cultivation in conjunction with AWD irrigation can be more beneficial for higher productivity and crop yield.
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20. Changes in starch quality of mid-season indica rice varieties in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River in last 80 years
ZHANG Hao, JING Wen-jiang, XU Jing-ju, MA Bing-ju, WANG Wei-lu, ZHANG Wei-yang, GU Jun-fei, LIU Li-jun, WANG Zhi-qin, YANG Jian-chang
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2020, 19 (12): 2983-2996.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63431-1
摘要119)      PDF    收藏
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) quality depends mainly on the characteristics of starch stored in kernels.  Understanding the changes in starch characteristics in kernels during variety improvement would have great significance to improve rice quality.  This study was designed to investigate the starch characteristics in the kernels and associated physiological traits of indica rice varieties in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River in China in last 80 years.  Eight representative mid-season indica rice varieties were grown in the field.  The results showed that the grain yield was significantly increased with the improvement of varieties and such an increase was mainly attributed to the increase in total number of spikelets.  The tall varieties applied in the 1940s–1950s had higher protein content, relative crystallinity and infrared (IR) ratio of 1 045/1 022 cm–1.  The semi-dwarf varieties applied in the 1980s–1990s had higher gel consistency, amylopectin content, IR ratio of 1 022/995 cm–1, and breakdown value.  With the improvement of varieties, the amylose content, large-sized starch granule number and volume distribution, onset and peak of gelatinization temperature, gelatinization and retrogradation enthalpy, setback value, pasting temperature, viscosity of peak, hot and final, and 1-aminocycopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) concentrations in panicles and root bleeding were gradually decreased, whereas the medium-sized starch granule number and volume distribution, activities of key enzymes in grains, and zeatin (Z)+zeatin riboside (ZR) contents in panicles and root bleeding at grain filling stage were gradually increased.  Correlation analysis showed that starch thermodynamic characteristics were closely related to starch structure and components, key enzymes and hormones.  The results suggest that starch quality was enhanced through the optimization of starch components, structure, thermodynamics, and the regulation of key enzymes in grains and hormones in panicles and root bleedings at grain filling stage during the improvement of mid-season indica rice.
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21. Compact plant type rice has higher lodging and N resistance under machine transplanting
DING Chao, LUO Xi-kun, WU Qiong, LU Bo, DING Yan-feng, WANG Shao-hua, LI Gang-hua
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2021, 20 (1): 65-77.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63229-4
摘要131)      PDF    收藏

为探究机插条件下不同水稻品种倒伏差异的主要因素及其对氮肥的响应,2017年和2018年在江苏丹阳(长江中下游代表性区域)开展了两年重复的田间试验,以22个杂交籼稻、22个常规粳稻以及2个籼粳杂交稻3种类型水稻为材料,设置3个氮肥水平(0、150、300 kg ha-1),采用毯苗机插的移栽方式,从倒伏相关的力学指标、形态学指标以及物质转运等方面进行系统研究。不同类型水稻产量的差异表现为常规粳稻<杂交籼稻<籼粳杂交稻。杂交稻(杂交籼稻、籼粳杂交稻)的倒伏指数(LI)高于常规粳稻源于其较高的株高,籼粳杂交稻较低的茎鞘物质表观输出率导致其LI显著低于杂交籼稻。杂交籼稻品种间倒伏指数较大的差异主要来源于茎鞘物质表观输出率,株型紧凑的品种茎鞘物质表观输出率低,因而具有较强的抗倒伏能力;常规粳稻品种间的差异则是由断面模数(Z)即茎粗造成的。籼粳杂交稻或常规粳稻的倒伏指数在氮肥处理间的变异相对较小,高氮水平下均没有发生倒伏,这是由于其叶倾角较小且在高氮条件下变化不大;而杂交籼稻不同品种LI和倒伏率对氮肥的响应存在较大的差异,株型紧凑的品种耐高氮。因而,紧凑株型品种适宜作为机插条件下的抗倒耐氮型品种。


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22. Effects of different mechanical direct seeding methods on grain yield and lodging resistance of early indica rice in South China
WANG Wen-xia, DU Jie, ZHOU Yan-zhi, ZENG Yong-jun, TAN Xue-ming, PAN Xiao-hua, SHI Qing-hua, WU Zi-ming, ZENG Yan-hua
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2021, 20 (5): 1204-1215.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63191-4
摘要160)      PDF    收藏

由于劳动力投入少、经济效益高,水稻直播已成为中国南方地区主要的种植方式。旱直播方式在单季水稻栽培技术方面运用广泛。然而,对早籼稻机械旱直播试验的研究还少有报导。通过两年大田间试验,以2个籼稻品种(中嘉早17和株两优819)为材料,研究旱直播、淹水直播和湿直播模式下的水稻倒伏特性和产量形成。结果表明,在旱直播方式下,株两优819和中嘉早17的年均产量分别比湿直播和淹水直播高14.42-26.34%和6.64-24.58%,这主要是由于穗数的提高。旱直播方式显著提高了早籼稻品种的出苗率,增加总干重和作物生长速率。同时,与淹水直播和湿直播相比,旱直播基部节间较短,茎粗和茎壁较厚,倒伏指数较低。尤其是旱直播提高了茎秆的抗倒伏能力。本研究结果表明,适宜的直播方式有利于提高早籼稻的产量和抗倒伏能力。



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23. Effects of temperature and solar radiation on yield of good eating-quality rice in the lower reaches of the Huai River Basin, China
ZHOU Nian-bing, ZHANG jun, FANG Shu-liang, WEI Hai-yan, ZHANG Hong-cheng
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2021, 20 (7): 1762-1774.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63561-4
摘要142)      PDF    收藏

试验研究了温度和太阳辐射对水稻产量的影响,旨在明确淮河下游水稻高产形成对温度和太阳辐射的需求。试验于2017-2018年以2个中熟中粳和4个迟熟中粳为材料,设置5月10日、5月17日、5月24日、5月31日、6月7日、6月14日和6月21日7个播种期。随着播期的推迟,水稻全生育期天数呈缩短的趋势,主要表现为播种至抽穗期天数的缩短。水稻全生育期有效积温、日平均温度、累积辐射和日均辐射均随播期推迟而减少。与T1播期相比,T2,T3,T4,T5,T6和T7播期分别减产0.12-0.35,0.45-0.89,0.74-1.56,1.41-2.24,2.16-2.90和2.69-3.64 t hm-2。水稻产量与不同生育阶段有效积温呈极显著正相关。温度是影响优质食味水稻在沿淮下游地区形成高产的主要气象因子,当中熟中粳和迟熟中粳获得相对高产时,播种至抽穗期平均温度范围分别为25.8-27.0°C和26.6-27.1°C,抽穗至成熟期分别为20.3-23.3°C和20.3-22.1°C。中熟中粳和迟熟中粳在沿淮下游地区的最佳播期分别为5月15-31日和5月15-18日


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24. Comparison of grain yield and quality of different types of japonica rice cultivars in the northern Jiangsu plain, China
BIAN Jin-long, REN Gao-lei, XU Fang-fu, ZHANG Hong-cheng, WEI Hai-yan
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2021, 20 (8): 2065-2076.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63348-2
摘要169)      PDF    收藏

近年来,我国南方稻区新育成的各类粳稻品种数量正不断增多。在大面积种植中,这些水稻新品种的产量和稻米品质表现出显著差异。然而,针对这些新育成粳稻品种产量和品质差异的研究却较少。因此,本研究选用了具有代表性的三类粳稻品种来研究其产量和稻米品质的差异。本研究利用差示热扫描仪(DSC)、X射线粉末衍射仪(XRD)、快速粘度分析仪(RVA)和米饭食味计对不同类型粳稻稻米的蒸煮和食味品质进行了测定。结果表明,两个非软米杂交粳稻品种的产量显著高于非软米常规粳稻品种和软米常规粳稻品种。两个软米常规粳稻品种的直链淀粉含量较低,蛋白质含量适中,这是其蒸煮食味品质优良的主要原因。软米常规粳稻品种的相对结晶度显著高于非软米常规粳稻品种和非软米杂交粳稻品种,这是导致其淀粉糊化所需温度和热量较高的主要因素。两个非软米杂交粳稻品种的大淀粉颗粒数量高于软米常规粳稻品种和非软米常规粳稻品种。消减值和崩解值能够间接反映米饭的蒸煮食味品质。两个软米常规粳稻品种的消减值较低,崩解值较高,这也说明了其米饭的适口性较好。本研究为不同类型粳稻品种在大面积水稻生产上的推广和应用提供了重要依据


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25. JIA-2021-0612 不同物候期不同温度组合对长江流域稻米产量和品质形成的影响
TU De-bao JIANG Yang, ZHANG Li-juan, CAI Ming-li, LI Cheng-fang, CAO Cou-gui
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2022, 21 (10): 2900-2909.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2022.07.056
摘要201)      PDF    收藏
水稻种植区域广以及播种期不一等原因引起的生长季温度不适宜,导致了水稻产量和品质的降低。本研究目的是评估不同物候期温度对水稻产量及品质的影响,以获得长江流域水稻不同物候期适宜温度范围。因此,本研究以区域性品种为研究对象,在长江流域不同生态区开展播期试验,观测比较水稻生育进程、产量和品质的差异。结果表明不同播期以及不同生态区,水稻生育进程、产量和品质具有显著性差异,而这恰好与营养生长期(VT)及前20天灌浆期日平均温度(GT20)显著相关。此外,与VT和GT20相比,水稻幼穗分化期温度(RT)变化差异相对较小。因此,根据不同产量和品质的VT和GT20阈值,将本研究试验结果划分为4种情景(Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ, 和 Ⅳ)。其中,情景Ⅰ可获得高的整精米产量和稻米品质;与情景Ⅰ相比,情景Ⅲ和 Ⅳ的整精米产量下降了30.1%和27.6%;情景Ⅱ整精米产量增加不显著,但是其垩白粒率和垩白度要比情景Ⅰ分别高出50.6%和56.3%。综上所述,情景Ⅰ下的VT和GT20组合方式(22.8℃<VT<23.9℃和24.2℃<GT20<27.0℃或3.9℃<VT<25.3℃和4.2℃<GT20<24.9℃),可用于指导长江流域水稻播期调整和水稻适宜品种的选取,以提高该区域的水稻产量和品质。
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26. JIA-2021-1433 再生稻头季和再生季边际效应的比较研究
ZHENG Chang, WANG Yue-chao, XU Wen-ba, YANG De-sheng, YANG Guo-dong, YANG Chen, HUANG Jian-liang, PENG Shao-bing
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2023, 22 (1): 80-91.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2022.08.048
摘要537)      PDF    收藏
再生稻是指头季收获后,采用一定的栽培管理措施使稻茬上存活的休眠芽萌发成穗而再收获一季水稻的种植模式,具有省工、省种、省水、省药、省秧田和米质优等优点。边际效应是作物生产中的普遍现象,指边行植株由于具有更多的光照和养分,相比内行植株往往具有明显的产量优势。边际效应的挖掘与利用,对于构建水稻高产栽培模式具有重要意义。目前有关水稻边际效应的研究主要集中于常规稻作模式,而对再生稻边际效应的报道尚少。再生稻两季的边际效应有何差异,头季边行优势是否会促进再生季边际效应的发挥尚不清楚。因此,本研究在湖北省蕲春县开展为期两年的大田试验,于头季与再生季分别测定边行和中间行的产量及产量相关性状,旨在量化再生稻两季边际效应的差异以及头季边际效应对再生季边际效应的贡献。结果表明:再生稻在头季和再生季均存在明显的边际效应,且头季边际效应大于再生季。头季边际效应高达98.3%,得益于较多的有效穗数、每穗颖花数和干物质积累量。而再生季边际效应为60.9%,其中约一半由头季的边际效应所贡献。进一步分析发现,头季促进再生季边际效应发挥的原因在于头季收获时较高的稻桩干重和碳水化合物含量促进了再生季有效穗数和干物质积累量的增加。因此,增加稻桩的干物质和碳水化合物累积是提高再生季产量的有效措施。
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27. JIA-2021-1716 适当增加基本苗提高麦秸还田后多功能机械旱直播水稻产量
TIAN Jin-yu, LI Shao-ping, CHENG Shuang, LIU Qiu-yuan, ZHOU Lei, TAO Yu, XING Zhi-peng, HU Ya-jie, GUO Bao-wei, WEI Hai-yan, ZHANG Hong-cheng
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2023, 22 (2): 400-416.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2022.08.064
摘要282)      PDF    收藏
多功能机械旱直播水稻因其高效、经济和绿色等特点受到越来越多的关注,然而这类水稻在麦秸秆还田后由于其生长受到约束会导致减产。为此于2016和2018年在典型稻麦轮作区选取代表性优质水稻品种和多功能机械开展田间试验,设置基本苗100、190、280、370和460 m−2(分别为B1、B2、B3、B4和B5)5个处理,研究基本苗对多功能机械旱直播水稻产量和光合物质生产的影响。结果表明,随着基本苗的增加,主茎成穗占有效穗的比例呈增加趋势,产量呈先增后减的趋势,以B3产量最高(9.34−9.47 t ha−1),主要是其提高了群体总颖花量和抽穗到成熟阶段的生物量积累。与低基本苗处理(B1和B2)相比,B3较高的总颖花量与其穗数的增加有关。高基本苗处理下(B4和B5)的穗数也相对增加,但拔节到抽穗阶段较低的单株生物量、叶面积和含氮量导致其较小的穗型未能高产。与其他基本苗处理相比,B3抽穗到成熟阶段具有较高的生物量积累主要由于提高了群体顶三叶的光合速率、群体生长率、净同化率和叶面积指数。B3群体还表现出较高的粒叶比、较低的茎鞘输出率和转运率。通过一元二次方程拟合得出260−290 m−2是本研究条件下水稻获得高产的最佳基本苗。因此,适当增加基本苗,提高主茎穗占有效穗的比例,通过足量的主茎穗数产出较高的群体颖花量和生物量是麦秸还田后多功能机械旱直播水稻获得高产的有效途径。
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28. 华东南地区机械化栽培下头季稻氮肥的优化管理及其对再生稻的递延效应
HUANG Jin-wen, WU Jia-yi, CHEN Hong-fei, ZHANG Zhi-xing, FANG Chang-xun, SHAO Cai-hong, LIN Wei-wei, WENG Pei-ying, Muhammad Umar KHAN, LIN Wen-xiong
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2022, 21 (2): 351-364.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(21)63668-7
摘要255)      PDF    收藏

本试验以甬优1540”为材料,通过2年的田间重复试验,在季稻总施纯氮量(225.00kg·hm-2)不变的前提下,设置季不同氮肥运筹处理(基肥:第一次分蘖肥:第二次分蘖肥:穗肥比分别为3:1:2:4(N1)3:2:1:4(N2)3:3:0:4(N3)4:3:0:3(N4)),从水稻群体分蘖特性、冠层结构特点、光合生理变化及干物质积累与运转规律入手,探讨了东南稻作区机械化栽培下季稻氮肥运筹对再生稻产量形成的影响。结果表明,季前氮后移施肥的N1处理有助于增加季分蘖数,提高分蘖成穗率,N1处理成穗率高达70.18%,比基蘖肥比重高的当地常规施肥N4处理提高了9.15%N1处理还有助于提高群体LAI值,其季及再生季齐穗期LAI值分别比N4处理提高了16.52% 29.87%。就茎鞘物质运转率及冠层光能截获率而言,N1处理下其季稻茎鞘物质运转率比N4处理提高了50.57%,而其再生季齐穗期的冠层光能截获率比N4处理提高了5.07%在本试验中,头季稻前氮后移的N1处理两季实际总产量最高,2年平均实际总产达17351.23 kg·hm-2,比当地常规施肥N4处理提高了23.00%。由此可见,季稻合理氮肥处理有利其提高健桩存量,从而为再生季作物的群体及产量形成奠定基础。在本研究中,低留桩机械化栽培下季稻适当的前氮后移,不仅提高季稻产量,而且还有利其再生腋芽的萌发,增加再生季成穗率,从而实现水稻一种两收目的。

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29. 籼/粳杂交水稻产量、氮肥利用效率与生理表现对施氮量的响应
ZHOU Qun, YUAN Rui, ZHANG Wei-yang, GU Jun-fei, LIU Li-jun, ZHANG Hao, WANG Zhi-qin, YANG Jian-chang
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2023, 22 (1): 63-79.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2022.08.076
摘要471)      PDF    收藏

利用籼/交稻(IJHR)杂种优势是进一步提高水稻产量的有效途径。合理施用氮肥对于充分发挥IJHR杂种优势,实现其巨大产量潜力重要作用。但是,IJHR产量和氮肥利用率对施氮量的响应及其生理机制仍然不清楚。本研究旨在阐明这一问题。于2018-2019年,选用目前生产上应用3个水稻品种IJHR品种甬优2640、粳稻品种连粳7号和籼稻品种扬稻6,大田种植设置6种施氮量(0100200300400500 kg hm-2处理。结果表明,各供试品种的产量随着施氮量的增加呈现先增加后降低的趋势,甬优2640产量施氮量为400 kg hm-2时最高,为13.4 t hm-2连粳7号和扬稻6产量在施氮量为300 kg hm-2时最高分别9.4 t hm-2和10.6 t hm-2。在相同尤其是在较高的施氮量下,甬优2640产量和利用效率均高于连粳7号和扬稻6号。与连粳7号或扬稻6号相比,甬优2640具有较好的生理性状如较高的根系氧化和叶片光合速率,根和叶中高的细胞分裂素含量,灌浆期茎中同化物较多地向籽粒转运。以上结果说明,无论是低施氮量还是高施氮量IJHR均能较常规水稻获得较高的产量和氮利用效率。IJHR较好的地上部和根系性状获得较高产量和氮利用效率的重要原因IJHR植株中较高的细胞分裂素含量响应施氮量起着至关重要的作用,并于其他生理过程。

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30. 植物源有机肥替代无机氮肥是适用于热带地区有色水稻生产的一种肥料管理方式
Tingcheng Zhao, Aibin He, Mohammad Nauman Khan, Qi Yin, Shaokun Song, Lixiao Nie
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2024, 23 (1): 93-107.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2023.04.035
摘要175)      PDF    收藏

近年来,有色水稻作为一种高品质、高附加值的水稻越来越受到人们的关注。水稻生产中无机氮肥的大量施用导致肥料利用率低,环境污染严重。施用有机肥料是提高土壤质量、维持作物高产的一种有效途径。然而,前人的研究大多数关注动物源有机肥的施用效应,植物源有机肥替代无机氮肥对有色水稻产量和品质方面的影响鲜有报道。本研究在2020-2021年进行了为期两年的大田试验,探究在热带地区不同比例的植物源有机肥替代无机氮肥对有色水稻产量、氮素利用效率、和籽粒花色苷含量的影响。试验处理包括不施氮肥(T1)、100%无机氮肥(T2)、植物源有机肥替代30%无机氮肥T3)、植物源有机肥替代60%无机氮肥T4)和100%植物源有机肥(T5)。除T1外,T2-T5处理的总施氮量均为120 kg ha-1。结果表明,与T2相比,T3处理通过提高氮素利用效率显著提高了有色水稻的产量和花色苷含量,产量分别增加了9%和8%,花色苷含量分别提高16%和10%。本文对植物源有机肥替代无机氮肥的后期效应的进一步研究发现,有机肥替代无机氮肥改善了土壤理化性质,从而增加了后茬水稻的产量,其中,T5处理下后茬水稻的产量最高。结果表明,在热带地区施用植物源有机肥维持了高含量花色苷有色水稻的生产,有助于协调稻米生产和环境保护之间的关系。

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31. 氮肥对水稻冠层温度的影响
Min Jiang, Zhang Chen, Yuan Li , Xiaomin Huang, Lifen Huang, Zhongyang Huo
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2024, 23 (3): 824-835.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2023.05.005
摘要145)      PDF    收藏

水稻冠层温度与植株生理特性紧密联系,直接影响产量形成的重要因素。但不同氮肥处理下水稻全生育期冠层温度的变化规律及其与水稻生长的关系尚待明确。本研究选择了当地常用的水稻品种淮稻5号、南粳9108和扬粳805为材料,设置了不施氮肥(CK),中氮(MN200 kg ha–1)和高氮(HN300 kg ha–1) 三个氮肥梯度,进行了两年重复试验利用无人机搭载高精度摄像头,测定种植在同一大田环境条件下水稻冠层温度的全生育期动态变化。结果表明不同氮肥处理下水稻冠层温度在分蘖、拔节、孕穗、抽穗期这四个时期不施氮肥处理的冠层温度显著高于中氮高氮处理p=0.05),而乳熟、蜡熟期则无显著差异。不同品种水稻的冠层温度表现为淮稻5大于南粳9108大于扬粳805,但差异不显著水稻冠层温度主要与地上部鲜重相关系数r=-0.895)、植株含水率(-0.912)剑叶净光合速率(-0.84)、气孔导度(-0.91)、蒸腾速率(-0.90)、气孔面积(-0.83)等性状相关结构方程模型(SEM)表明氮肥是直接影响水稻冠层温度的最重要的因子,同时氮肥通过影响水稻叶片气孔面积、蒸腾速率和气孔导度,间接影响了水稻冠层温度。抽穗期是研究水稻冠层温度的最佳时期,此时水稻冠层温度与产量、穗数和每穗粒数呈极显著负相关关系冠层温度的高低可成为反映水稻生长及预测产量的便捷而较准确的指标。

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32. 不同种植方式下氮硅施肥对早季籼型香稻2-乙酰-1-吡咯啉和稻米品质的调控
Yongjian Chen, Lan Dai, Siren Cheng, Yong Ren, Huizi Deng, Xinyi Wang, Yuzhan Li, Xiangru Tang, Zaiman Wang, Zhaowen Mo
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2024, 23 (2): 511-535.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2023.05.009
摘要201)      PDF    收藏

稻因其含有怡人的挥发性香味而备受广大稻米消费者青睐,香米具有非常高的市场价值。种植方、氮肥和硅肥可以影响香的产量和香。氮肥硅肥不同种植方对香稻的整精米产量和香味特征物2-乙酰-1-吡咯啉含量等重要商品指标的影响研究鲜有报道。本研究以籼型香稻栽培品种玉香油占和象牙香占为试验材料,于20182019年早季进行了大田试验设置六个氮-配施处理(硅肥用量为0 kg Si ha-1 (Si0)150 kg Si ha-1 (Si1),氮肥用量为0 kg N ha-1 (N0)150 kg N ha-1 (N1)220 kg N ha-1 (N2))和种植方法方式处理,分别为人工移栽、机插秧和机械直播。结果表明,氮-配施和种植方对不同香稻品种的整精米产量和2-乙酰-1-吡咯啉含量及相关指标显著影响。与Si0N0处理相比,氮硅配施处理下香稻具有较高的整精米产量和2-乙酰-1-吡咯啉含量。氮硅配施处理改善了的糙米率、精米、整精米率和垩白率。氮-硅施肥处理提高了氮代谢酶活性,促进了香稻植株不同器官的氮和硅积累,影响了香稻的抗氧化响应指标。通过冗余分析评估获得影响整精米产量2-乙酰-1-吡咯啉含量的关键参数。进一步应用结构方程模型探明了氮和硅的积累通过影响香稻的代谢酶活性、氮素利用效率和稻米品质性状调控整精米产量。此外,的氮积累直接促进了2-乙酰-1-吡咯啉合成通过影响了抗氧化响应指标而间接调控2-乙酰-1-吡咯啉的合成。不同香稻品种的整精米产量和2-乙酰-1-吡咯啉含量对插秧和氮硅配施的响应有差异;机械直播条件下进行氮硅配施处理有利于提高香稻品种的2-乙酰-1-吡咯啉含量

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33. 灌溉措施通过调控淀粉代谢酶活性促进非结构性碳水化合物的再动员从而改善水稻的籽粒灌浆
Yuguang Zang, Gaozhao Wu, Qiangqiang Li, Yiwen Xu, Mingming Xue, Xingyu Chen, Haiyan Wei, Weiyang Zhang, Hao Zhang, Lijun Liu, Zhiqin Wang, Junfei Gu, Jianchang Yang
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2024, 23 (5): 1507-1522.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2023.05.012
摘要210)      PDF    收藏

近年来培育的产量潜力更大的超级水稻品种经常遇到灌浆不良的问题,尤其是弱势粒的灌浆。本文从水稻茎鞘与籽粒中与淀粉代谢相关的酶活性,以及与碳水化合物运输相关的微观结构开展研究以阐明灌溉措施对籽粒灌浆的影响。本试验中设置两个水分处理:常规灌溉(WW)和轻干湿交替灌溉(AWMD)。与常规灌溉处理相比,轻干湿交替灌溉处理提高了水稻花前茎鞘中ADP葡萄糖焦磷酸化(AGPase)、淀粉合酶(StSase)和淀粉分支酶(SBE)的活性,同时促进了花前茎鞘中非结构性碳水化合物(NSCs)的积累。抽穗后,轻干湿交替灌溉处理提高了茎鞘中α-淀粉酶、β-淀粉酶、蔗糖磷酸合成酶(SPS)和蔗糖合成酶(合成方向,SSs)活性,促进了茎鞘中非结构性碳水化合物活化与向籽粒的转运。在籽粒灌浆过程中,轻干湿交替灌溉处理提高了弱势粒中蔗糖合成酶(裂解方向,SSc)、AGPaseStSaseSBE的酶活性,促进了籽粒灌浆,尤其是弱势粒的灌浆。但两处理之间维管束超微结构并无显著变化。在本研究中,通过优化灌溉方式,水稻产量和粒重分别提高了13.1%7.5%。通过本研究,我们认为淀粉代谢关键酶活性是影响籽粒灌浆充实程度的关键因素,而韧皮部结构对物质转运并无影响。轻干湿交替灌溉可以通过调控淀粉代谢关键酶的活性,从而促进花前茎鞘中非结构性碳水化合物的积累,提高花后茎鞘中非结构型碳水化合物的活化与转运,增加籽粒灌浆效率,尤其是弱势粒灌浆。

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34. 优化耕作方式提高了机插水稻的产量并降低了稻田的温室气体排放
Shuang Cheng, Zhipeng Xing, Chao Tian, Mengzhu Liu, Yuan Feng, Hongcheng Zhang
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2024, 23 (4): 1150-1163.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2023.05.033
摘要159)      PDF    收藏
     旱地双轴旋耕法可一次作业完成双轴旋耕秸秆还田、两次镇压和开沟作业,且这一方法在直播稻和小麦上已有初步的研究。然而,旱地双轴旋耕法对机插水稻产量和温室气体排放的影响尚不清楚。为了评估旱地双轴旋耕法在提高机械移栽水稻的粮食安全和减少温室气体排放方面的效果,我们在秸秆还田条件下进行了为期2年的研究。设置了三种耕作方式:旱地双轴旋耕(DBRT)、旱地水田单轴旋耕法(DPURT)和水田单轴旋耕法(PURT)。结果表明,与DPURTPURT相比,DBRT分别使机插水稻增产7.5-11.0%13.3-26.7%,而季节性累计CH4排放量分别减少了13.9-21.2%30.2-37.0%N2O季节性累计排放量分别增加了13.5-28.6%50.0-73.1%。因此,与DPURTPURTDBRT 分别使全球变暖潜能值分别降低了10.7-15.5%23.7-28.6%,并使单位产量的全球增温潜值分别降低了18.2-21.8%36.4-39.3%。这些结果主要与DBRT显着降低土壤容重和增加土壤Eh有关。因此,在机插稻田实施DBRT是可行的,既有利于提高水稻产量,又可以减少温室气体排放。
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35. 基于Harmonized Landsat and Sentinel-2数据和物候特征构建新型植被指数提升再生稻遥感制图精度
Yunping Chen, Jie Hu, Zhiwen Cai, Jingya Yang, Wei Zhou, Qiong Hu, Cong Wang, Liangzhi You, Baodong Xu
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2024, 23 (4): 1164-1178.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2023.05.035
摘要208)      PDF    收藏

再生稻是指收获头季水稻后,利用稻茬上的休眠芽萌发成穗,从而再次收获一季水稻的种植模式。与传统的单季稻和双季稻相比,再生稻以较小的农业投入收获双季稻谷,在粮食安全和农业生态方面都发挥着重要作用。然而,由于再生稻与其他水稻种植模式(如双季稻)的光谱相似性,利用遥感技术高精度识别再生稻仍具有较大挑战。此外,再生稻通常种植在耕地破碎且云雨频发区域,需要高时空分辨率的遥感影像以捕获其独特的光谱物候特征。基于此,本研究提出了一种基于物候特征的再生稻植被指数(PRVI),以湖北省蕲春县为例,利用Harmonized Landsat and Sentinel-2 (HLS)数据实现30 m空间分辨率的再生稻遥感制图。再生稻与其他地物类型间的光谱-物候特征的分离性和相关性分析表明,红波段(Red)、近红外波段(NIR)和短波红外1波段(SWIR 1)是再生稻识别的敏感波段,因此本研究采用上述三个波段构建PRVI。为了全面评估PRVI识别再生稻的潜力,基于实地样本数据比较PRVI与常用的水稻识别植被指数(归一化差值植被指数(NDVI)、增强型植被指数(EVI)和地表水分指数(LSWI))识别再生稻的准确性。结果表明,PRVI能够充分捕捉到再生稻独特的光谱物候特征,较好的区分再生稻与其他土地覆盖类型。此外,再生稻与其他地物类型区分的关键物候期是头季灌浆成熟期-再生季分蘖期(GHS-TS2)。最后,在GHS-TS2阶段,PRVI的表现优于NDVIEVILSWI及其组合,其制图精度和用户精度分别为92.22%89.30%。以上结果表明,本文基于HLS数据构建的PRVI可以在关键物候期高精度识别耕地破碎区域的再生稻,有益于进行再生稻早期识别以及能够为农业管理活动提供重要的基础数据集。

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36. 品种-水-氮-稻桩损伤多因子互作对低留桩再生季稻产量形成的影响机制研究
Jingnan Zou, Ziqin Pang, Zhou Li, Chunlin Guo, Hongmei Lin, Zheng Li, Hongfei Chen, Jinwen Huang, Ting Chen, Hailong Xu, Bin Qin, Puleng Letuma, Weiwei Lin, Wenxiong Lin
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2024, 23 (3): 806-823.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2023.05.038
摘要238)      PDF    收藏

农艺措施是减少机收头季稻稻桩碾压损伤,减轻对再生稻腋芽萌发和产量形成的影响,从而促进再生稻可持续发展的关键。本研究以福建省广泛推广的常规水稻佳辐占和杂交稻甬优2640为材料,于2018年至2019年在福建农林大学实验基地的顶棚可调式简易塑料大棚内进行了四因素随机区组试验,其中包含施肥和不施肥、干湿交替和漫灌,以及人工碾压和非碾压稻桩处理。同时利用13C稳定同位素示踪原位检测技术对盆栽试验进行了施肥和不施肥的验证试验。结果显示,品种、水分管理、氮肥和稻桩处理之间存在显著的交互作用。相对于长期淹水处理,在头季稻收割前后,逐一施加保根和促蘖氮肥,并配以适度的干湿交替水肥耦合处理,可以显著改善低节位的有效分蘖,减少因碾压对稻桩损伤的影响而增加单株有效穗数和每穗粒数,最终实现再生稻的高产。此外,在头季稻成熟期,13C同化物对稻桩和腋芽的分配显著改善,而在再生季稻生长后期,由于此时基部茎节中的激素和多胺在水肥调节的诱发作用降低了13C同化物向根系和根际土壤的转运率。因此,在头季稻收割前后,及时施用保根促蘖氮肥并耦合适度的田间干旱处理,可望获取机收低留桩再生稻的高产。

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37. 水稻根系和根际环境对综合栽培措施的响应
Hanzhu Gu, Xian Wang, Minhao Zhang, Wenjiang Jing, Hao Wu, Zhilin Xiao, Weiyang Zhang, Junfei Gu, Lijun Liu, Zhiqin Wang, Jianhua Zhang, Jianchang Yang, Hao Zhang
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2024, 23 (6): 1879-1896.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2023.06.031
摘要139)      PDF    收藏

综合栽培措施(ICPs)对提高谷物产量和资源利用效率至关重要。然而,ICPs对水稻根际环境和根系的影响尚不清楚。本研究对4个水稻品种开展了大田试验。设置了6种栽培措施处理,包括零氮处理(0 N)、当地常规(LFP)、减氮(NR)和3种渐进式综合栽培措施,包括增密减氮(ICP1),ICP1的基础上用干湿交替灌溉替代常规灌溉(ICP2),以及在ICP2的基础上施用有机肥(ICP3)。ICPs可获得较高的产量和氮素利用效率。根长、干物重、根直径、根系氧化力、根系伤流量、玉米素和玉米素核苷含量以及根系分泌物中总有机酸含量随着ICPs的引入而提高。ICPs提高了根际和非根际土壤硝态氮、脲酶和转化酶活性以及微生物(细菌)多样性,降低了铵态氮含量。与非根际土壤相比,各处理下的根际土壤养分含量(铵态氮、全氮、全钾、全磷、硝酸盐和速效磷)和脲酶活性均降低,但转化酶活性和细菌多样性则相反。各主要生育期的根系形态生理特征和根际土壤铵态氮含量与产量和氮素利用效率密切相关。这些结果表明,在综合栽培措施下,水稻的高产可能得益于根系和根际环境的同步改善。

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38. 辐射利用率驱动下的华南双季稻区产量差评估
Jian Lu, Sicheng Deng, Muhammad Imran, Jingyin Xie, Yuanyuan Li, Jianying Qi, Shenggang Pan, Xiangru Tang, Meiyang Duan
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2024, 23 (11): 3692-3705.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2023.10.006
摘要104)      PDF    收藏

华南双季稻持续突破总产量纪录,而单季稻的产量潜力未能实现。辐射利用效率(RUE)被认为是谷类作物产量的重要决定因素。然而,目前尚无关于双季稻的产量差异是否涉及到RUE的信息。为了评估截获辐射(IP)和RUE对华南双季稻区4个代表性品种(象牙香占、美香占2号、南晶香占、软华优金丝)在早季和晚季的地上部生物量、作物生长速率(CGR)和收获指数(HI)的影响,开展了为期两年的田间试验。早稻的产量比晚稻高8.2%。早稻的产量优势主要源于较高的RUE决定的更高的每穗粒数和地上部生物量。象牙香占、美香占2号、南晶香占和软华优金丝在早稻种植的每穗粒数比晚稻分别高出6.5%、8.3%、6.9%和8.5%。早稻较高的产量与分蘖中期RUE(R2=0.34)、幼穗分化期RUE(R2=0.16)、成熟期RUE(R2=0.28)和截获光合有效辐射(R2=0.28)密切相关,而晚稻的产量则更多的依赖于分蘖中期的截获光合有效辐射(R2=0.31)和幼穗分化期的截获光合有效辐射(R2=0.23)。较高的RUE有助于早稻的产量提高,而晚稻产量的提高主要依赖于生育早期更高的光合有效辐射。因此,合理调配双季稻的RUE,选择具有较高RUE的品种或调整播期等途径值得更长远的研究。

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39. 一次性施用控释掺混肥可提高晚粳稻产量、品质和光合效率
Canping Dun, Rui Wang, Kailiang Mi, Yuting Zhang, Haipeng Zhang, Peiyuan Cui, Yanle Guo, Hao Lu, Hongcheng Zhang
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2024, 23 (11): 3672-3691.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2023.10.007
摘要111)      PDF    收藏

控释尿素CRU的氮素释放与水稻吸收相同步,可以有效提高氮肥利用率,提高水稻产量并改善稻米品质。然而,很少有研究说明施用CRU对光合速率及内源酶活性的影响。因此,本研究开展了两年的田间试验,共设置7个处理(CK:不施氮肥;BBF:普通掺混肥;RBBF:减氮20%普通掺混肥;CRF170%控释尿素+30%普通尿素一次性基施;CRF2:60%控释尿素+40%普通尿素一次性基施;RCRF1:CRF1处理减氮20%;RCRF2:CRF2处理减氮20%),每个处理3次重复。结果表明,在两年的时间内控释掺混肥(CRBBF)处理的氮肥表观利用率NRE显著提高,与BBF处理相比,CRF1处理和CRF2处理的产量分别显著提高了4.1 ~ 5.9%5.6 ~ 7.6%但减氮处理RBBFRCRF2之间差异不显著。CRF1CRF2处理的光合速率要显著高于其他处理,并且显著提高了RuBPCaseRuBisCOGOGATGS的酶活性。此外,在水稻生育后期,CRBBF处理的土壤NH4+-NNO3--N含量显著提高,更符合水稻长生育期的需肥规律。CRBBF还在一定程度上改善了稻米品质。与BBFRBBF处理相比,CRBBF处理的蛋白质含量降低,但水稻的加工品质、外观品质、食味及蒸煮品质都有所提高。综上所述,施用CRBBF可以提高NRE、水稻光合速率以及内源酶的活性,保证了水稻生长过程中充足的氮素营养和干物质积累,进而实现提产增质。

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40. 常规、化学和纳米引发对提高直播水稻耐盐发芽能力的比较研究
Yixue Mu, Yusheng Li, Yicheng Zhang, Xiayu Guo, Shaokun Song, Zheng Huang, Lin Li, Qilin Ma, Mohammad Nauman Khan, Lixiao Nie
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2024, 23 (12): 3998-4017.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2023.12.013
摘要169)      PDF    收藏

胁迫是作物生产和粮食安全面临的重大风险之一,严重阻碍了直播水稻的种子萌发和幼苗生长。据报道,纳米颗粒在非生物胁迫下有效地参与了种子萌发的生理生化过程。然而,目前还没有报道过关于传统、化学和纳米种子引发技术提高直播水稻种子耐盐发芽的比较研究。本研究在不同盐度(01.53‰,利两个杂交水稻品种(CY1000LLY506)以及不同的种子引发技术引发、化学引发(抗坏血酸、水杨酸和γ-氨基丁酸)和纳米引发(纳米氧化锌颗粒)进行了生长大田试验。结果表明,盐胁迫抑制直播水稻种子发芽、发芽指数、活力指数和幼苗生长。主要表现为盐胁迫增加了水稻幼苗内活性氧(H2O2O2•−丙二醛(MDA)含量的积累水稻幼苗地上部钠离子含量,降低了水稻幼苗地上部钾离子含量而种子引发技术均不同程度提高了直播水稻的耐盐发芽能力中,纳米氧化锌引发的出苗效果最佳进一步研究发现,纳米氧化锌引发处理显著提高了水稻种子萌发过程中的α-淀粉酶、可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量抗氧化酶活性。此外,纳米氧化锌引发诱导水稻种子耐盐发芽的另一机制与种子萌发过程中水稻体内较高的K+离子含量有关。因此,纳米氧化锌引发处理可被用作一种盐胁迫条件下促进直播水稻萌发出苗的种子处理技术

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41. 优化施氮协同提高稻虾共作模式下粳稻产量和抗倒伏性
Qiang Xu, Jingyong Li, Hui Gao, Xinyi Yang, Zhi Dou, Xiaochun Yuan, Weiyan Gao, Hongcheng Zhang
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2024, 23 (12): 3983-3997.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2024.02.002
摘要242)      PDF    收藏
氮是影响水稻产量及倒伏性状的主要因素。前人主要研究了水稻单作模式下氮肥管理对水稻倒伏特性的影响,鲜有对稻虾共作模式进行研究。本研究假设稻虾共作模式会增加水稻倒伏风险,而优化氮肥管理可以在提高该模式下水稻抗倒能力的同时保证水稻稳产。在2021-2022年,通过双因素(稻作模式和氮肥管理)田间试验验证本研究提出的假设。稻作模式包括水稻单作和稻虾共作,氮肥管理包括不施氮、常规施氮和优化施氮处理。对不同处理的水稻产量和抗倒伏指标(形态、力学、理化、解剖结构指标及基因表达水平)均进行了比较分析。结果表明:在同一施氮量下,与水稻单作相比,稻虾共作的水稻产量两年平均减少了11.1%–24.4%,茎秆倒伏指数增加了19.6%–45.6%。稻虾共作模式下优化施氮处理的水稻株高、穗颈节高、重心高、弯曲应力和倒伏指数分别比常规施氮处理降低了4.0–4.8%、5.2–7.8%、0.5–4.5%、5.5–10.5%和1.8–19.5%,而茎粗、茎壁厚、折断弯矩、非结构性碳水化合物和结构性碳水化合物的含量则分别增加了0.8–4.9%、2.2–53.1%、13.5–19.2%、2.2–24.7%和31.3–87.2%。此外,优化施氮增加了基部第二节间厚壁组织和薄壁组织及维管束的面积,上调了合成木质素和纤维素关键基因的相对表达量,提高了水稻茎秆基部节间抗倒伏能力。稻虾共作模式下优化施氮处理水稻倒伏指数显著(P<0.05)低于常规施氮处理,降幅为1.8–19.5%,而水稻产量平均为8570kg·hm-2,达到稳产水平,不会对粮食安全造成影响。本研究全面分析了优化施氮对两种稻作模式下水稻抗倒特性的差异,该研究结果有助于发展稻虾田更高效的氮肥管理模式,从而合理降低氮肥投入。
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42. 量化籽粒灌浆期间叶色改良水稻基因型的源库关系
Zhenxiang Zhou, Paul C. Struik, Junfei Gu, Peter E. L. van der Putten, Zhiqin Wang, Jianchang Yang, Xinyou Yin
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2024, 23 (9): 2923-2940.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2024.03.034
摘要110)      PDF    收藏
【研究意义与科学问题】叶色修饰会影响冠层光合作用,从而对水稻产量及产量构成有潜在影响。 此外,通过作物管理调节源库关系已被证明是提高作物生产力的有效策略。本研究旨在调查叶色修饰是否以及如何改变源库关系,以及当前的作物栽培实践是否仍然适用于叶色修饰后的基因型。 【实验材料与方法】定期收集来自四种不同遗传背景的水稻基因型及其叶色(“持绿”或“黄化”)变体的总生物量和氮积累数据进行分析,并使用最近建立的模型方法来量化其灌浆期间源库平衡与否。 【实验结果】在所有叶色变体基因型中,只有一种黄叶变体显示出比其对照基因型更高的源容量。 这一现象与氮素的统筹分配有关。根本原因是该基因型减少了开花前的氮吸收,导致花后土壤氮含量充足并增加了花后氮吸收,进而延长了花后功能性叶氮持续时间。密度实验表明,当前的管理实践(种植密度不足且施氮量过多)不适合水稻黄叶基因型,最终限制了其产量潜力。 【实验结论】叶色修饰通过调节花前与花后氮收支平衡以及源库器官之间的氮素迁移来影响水稻的源库关系。 为了更好地利用叶色修饰来提高作物生产力,有必要进一步调整作物生产管理实践。
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