Effects of different mechanical direct seeding methods on grain yield and lodging resistance of early indica rice in South China

doi:10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63191-4

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

由于劳动力投入少、经济效益高，水稻直播已成为中国南方地区主要的种植方式。旱直播方式在单季水稻栽培技术方面运用广泛。然而，对早籼稻机械旱直播试验的研究还少有报导。通过两年大田间试验，以2个籼稻品种（中嘉早17和株两优819）为材料，研究旱直播、淹水直播和湿直播模式下的水稻倒伏特性和产量形成。结果表明，在旱直播方式下，株两优819和中嘉早17的年均产量分别比湿直播和淹水直播高14.42-26.34%和6.64-24.58%，这主要是由于穗数的提高。旱直播方式显著提高了早籼稻品种的出苗率，增加总干重和作物生长速率。同时，与淹水直播和湿直播相比，旱直播基部节间较短，茎粗和茎壁较厚，倒伏指数较低。尤其是旱直播提高了茎秆的抗倒伏能力。本研究结果表明，适宜的直播方式有利于提高早籼稻的产量和抗倒伏能力。

Abstract:

Direct seeding of rice has become a main planting method due to the low labor input and high economic benefit in South China. Dry direct seeding (DDS) has been widely used for single-season rice planting establishment. However, few studies have examined the performance of early-season indica rice under mechanical dry direct seeding. A two-year field experiment was conducted with two indica rice cultivars (i.e., Zhongjiazao 17 and Zhuliangyou 819) to study lodging characteristics and grain yield formation under DDS, flooded direct seeding (FDS) and wet direct seeding (WDS) patterns. The results showed that the annual grain yield in DDS was higher by 14.42–26.34% for cultivar ZLY819 and 6.64–24.58% for cultivar ZJZ17 than in WDS and FDS, respectively, and these increases were mainly attributed to the improvement of the panicles. The DDS pattern significantly increased the seedling emergence rate of early indica rice cultivars, and increased total dry weight and crop growth rate. Meanwhile, shorter basal internodes, better stem diameter and stem wall thickness and lower lodging index were found in DDS in contrast to FDS and WDS. In particular, DDS improved the stem lodging resistance. Our results suggested that the appropriate direct seeding method was beneficial for improving the grain yield and lodging resistance of early indica rice.

Key words: mechanical dry direct seeding , early indica rice , grain yield , lodging resistance , South China

. [J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2021, 20(5): 1204-1215.

WANG Wen-xia, DU Jie, ZHOU Yan-zhi, ZENG Yong-jun, TAN Xue-ming, PAN Xiao-hua, SHI Qing-hua, WU Zi-ming, ZENG Yan-hua. Effects of different mechanical direct seeding methods on grain yield and lodging resistance of early indica rice in South China[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2021, 20(5): 1204-1215.

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