Journal of Integrative Agriculture ›› 2024, Vol. 23 ›› Issue (3): 806-823.DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2023.05.038

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品种-水-氮-稻桩损伤多因子互作对低留桩再生季稻产量形成的影响机制研究

  

  • 收稿日期:2023-01-27 接受日期:2023-05-15 出版日期:2024-03-20 发布日期:2024-03-02

The underlying mechanism of variety–water–nitrogen–stubble damage interactions on yield formation in ratoon rice with low stubble height under mechanized harvesting

Jingnan Zou1, Ziqin Pang2, Zhou Li2, Chunlin Guo2, Hongmei Lin3, Zheng Li5, Hongfei Chen1, Jinwen Huang2, Ting Chen1, Hailong Xu1, Bin Qin1, Puleng Letuma2, 4, Weiwei Lin1, Wenxiong Lin1, 2#   

  1. 1 College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (FAFU)/Fujian Key Laboratory for Agroecological Processes and Safety Monitoring, Fuzhou 350002, China

    2 College of Agriculture, FAFU/Fujian Key Laboratory for Crop Physiology and Molecular Ecology, Fuzhou 350002, China

    3 Institute of Oceanography, College of Geography and Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou 350108, China

    4 Crop Science Department, The National University of Lesotho, Roma 00100, Lesotho

    5 The Agricultural Extension Station of Pucheng County, Nanping 353400, China

  • Received:2023-01-27 Accepted:2023-05-15 Online:2024-03-20 Published:2024-03-02
  • About author:Jingnan Zou, E-mail: zoujingnan222@163.com; #Correspondence Wenxiong Lin, E-mail: lwx@fafu.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    This research was supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China, the National Key Research and Development Program of China (302001109, 2016YFD0300508, 2017YFD0301602, 2018YFD0301105), the Fujian and Taiwan Cultivation Resources Development and Green Cultivation Coordination Innovation Center, China (Fujian 2011 Project, 2015-75), and the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province, China (2022J01142).

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摘要：

农艺措施是减少机收头季稻稻桩碾压损伤，减轻对再生稻腋芽萌发和产量形成的影响，从而促进再生稻可持续发展的关键。本研究以福建省广泛推广的常规水稻佳辐占和杂交稻甬优2640为材料，于2018年至2019年在福建农林大学实验基地的顶棚可调式简易塑料大棚内进行了四因素随机区组试验，其中包含施肥和不施肥、干湿交替和漫灌，以及人工碾压和非碾压稻桩处理。同时利用13C稳定同位素示踪原位检测技术对盆栽试验进行了施肥和不施肥的验证试验。结果显示，品种、水分管理、氮肥和稻桩处理之间存在显著的交互作用。相对于长期淹水处理，在头季稻收割前后，逐一施加保根和促蘖氮肥，并配以适度的干湿交替水肥耦合处理，可以显著改善低节位的有效分蘖，减少因碾压对稻桩损伤的影响而增加单株有效穗数和每穗粒数，最终实现再生稻的高产。此外，在头季稻成熟期，13C同化物对稻桩和腋芽的分配显著改善，而在再生季稻生长后期，由于此时基部茎节中的激素和多胺在水肥调节的诱发作用降低了13C同化物向根系和根际土壤的转运率。因此，在头季稻收割前后，及时施用保根促蘖氮肥并耦合适度的田间干旱处理，可望获取机收低留桩再生稻的高产。

Abstract:

Agronomic measures are the key to promote the sustainable development of ratoon rice by reducing the damage from mechanical crushing to the residual stubble of the main crop, thereby mitigating the impact on axillary bud sprouting and yield formation in ratoon rice.  This study used widely recommended conventional rice Jiafuzhan and hybrid rice Yongyou 2640 as the test materials to conduct a four-factor block design field experiment in a greenhouse of the experimental farm of Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University, China from 2018 to 2019.  The treatments included fertilization and no fertilization, alternate wetting and drying irrigation and continuous water flooding irrigation, and plots with and without artificial crushing damage on the rice stubble.  At the same time, a 13C stable isotope in-situ detection technology was used to fertilize the pot experiment.   The results showed significant interactions among varieties, water management, nitrogen application and stubble status.  Relative to the long-term water flooding treatment, the treatment with sequential application of nitrogen fertilizer coupled with moderate field drought for root-vigor and tiller promotion before and after harvesting of the main crop, significantly improved the effective tillers from low position nodes.  This in turn increased the effective panicles per plant and grains per panicle by reducing the influence of artificial crushing damage on rice stubble and achieving a high yield of the regenerated rice.  Furthermore, the partitioning of 13C assimilates to the residual stubble and its axillary buds were significantly improved at the mature stage of the main crop, while the translocation rate to roots and rhizosphere soil was reduced at the later growth stage of ratooning season rice.  This was triggered by the metabolism of hormones and polyamines at the stem base regulated by the interaction of water and fertilizer at this time.  We therefore suggest that to achieve a high yield of ratoon rice with low stubble height under mechanized harvesting, the timely application of nitrogen fertilizer is fundamental, coupled with moderate field drying for root-vigor preservation and tiller promotion before and after the mechanical harvesting of the main crop.

Key words: mechanized harvesting ,  ratoon rice ,  rice stubble ,  yield attributes