Journal of Integrative Agriculture ›› 2023, Vol. 22 ›› Issue (1): 80-91.DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2022.08.048

所属专题： 水稻耕作栽培合辑Rice Physiology · Biochemistry · Cultivation · Tillage

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JIA-2021-1433 再生稻头季和再生季边际效应的比较研究

  

  • 收稿日期:2021-08-17 接受日期:2021-11-10 出版日期:2023-01-20 发布日期:2021-11-10

Border effects of the main and ratoon crops in rice ratooning system

ZHENG Chang, WANG Yue-chao, XU Wen-ba, YANG De-sheng, YANG Guo-dong, YANG Chen, HUANG Jian-liang, PENG Shao-bing   

  1. National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/Hubei Hongshan Laboratory/MARA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming Systems in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River/College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P.R.China
  • Received:2021-08-17 Accepted:2021-11-10 Online:2023-01-20 Published:2021-11-10
  • About author:ZHENG Chang, E-mail: czhenghzau@163.com; Correspondence PENG Shao-bing, Tel: +86-27-87288668, Fax: +86-27-87288380, E-mail: speng@mail.hzau.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    This work was supported by the Major International (Regional) Joint Research Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China (32061143038), the earmarked fund for China Agriculture Research System (CARS-01-20), the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (the 863 Project, 2014AA10A605), and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, China (2662020ZKPY015).

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摘要： 再生稻是指头季收获后，采用一定的栽培管理措施使稻茬上存活的休眠芽萌发成穗而再收获一季水稻的种植模式，具有省工、省种、省水、省药、省秧田和米质优等优点。边际效应是作物生产中的普遍现象，指边行植株由于具有更多的光照和养分，相比内行植株往往具有明显的产量优势。边际效应的挖掘与利用，对于构建水稻高产栽培模式具有重要意义。目前有关水稻边际效应的研究主要集中于常规稻作模式，而对再生稻边际效应的报道尚少。再生稻两季的边际效应有何差异，头季边行优势是否会促进再生季边际效应的发挥尚不清楚。因此，本研究在湖北省蕲春县开展为期两年的大田试验，于头季与再生季分别测定边行和中间行的产量及产量相关性状，旨在量化再生稻两季边际效应的差异以及头季边际效应对再生季边际效应的贡献。结果表明：再生稻在头季和再生季均存在明显的边际效应，且头季边际效应大于再生季。头季边际效应高达98.3%，得益于较多的有效穗数、每穗颖花数和干物质积累量。而再生季边际效应为60.9%，其中约一半由头季的边际效应所贡献。进一步分析发现，头季促进再生季边际效应发挥的原因在于头季收获时较高的稻桩干重和碳水化合物含量促进了再生季有效穗数和干物质积累量的增加。因此，增加稻桩的干物质和碳水化合物累积是提高再生季产量的有效措施。

Abstract:

The border effect (BE) is widely observed in crop field experiments, and it has been extensively studied in many crops.  However, only limited attention has been paid to the BE of ratoon rice.  We conducted field experiments on ratoon rice in Qichun County, Hubei Province, Central China in 2018 and 2019 to compare the BE in the main and ratoon crops, and to quantify the contribution of BE in the main crop to that in the ratoon crop.  The BE of two hybrid varieties was measured for the outermost, second outermost, and third outermost rows in each plot of both crops.  To determine the contribution of BE between the two crops, portions of hills in the outermost and second outermost rows were uprooted during the harvest of the main crop so that the second and third outermost rows then became the outermost rows in the ratoon crop.  Overall, the BE on grain yield was greater in the main crop than in the ratoon crop.  In the main crop, the BE on grain yield was 98.3% in the outermost row, which was explained by the BE on panicles m–2, spikelets/panicle, spikelets m–2, and total dry weight.  In the ratoon crop, the BE on grain yield was reduced to 60.9 and 27.6% with and without the contribution of the BE in the main crop, respectively.  Consequently, 55.1% of the BE on grain yield in the ratoon crop was contributed from the main crop.  High stubble dry weight and non-structural carbohydrate (NSC) accumulation at the harvest of the main crop were responsible for the contribution of BE in the main crop to that in the ratoon crop.  Our results suggest that increases in stubble dry weight and NSC accumulation at the harvest of the main crop could be important strategies for developing high-yielding cropping practices in the rice ratooning system.

Key words: border effect ,  grain yield ,  non-structural carbohydrate ,  ratoon rice