籼/粳杂交水稻产量、氮肥利用效率与生理表现对施氮量的响应

doi:10.1016/j.jia.2022.08.076

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

利用籼/粳交稻(IJHR)杂种优势是进一步提高水稻产量的有效途径。合理施用氮肥对于充分发挥IJHR杂种优势，实现其巨大产量潜力起重要作用。但是，IJHR产量和氮肥利用率对施氮量的响应及其生理机制仍然不清楚。本研究旨在阐明这一问题。于2018-2019年，选用目前生产上应用的3个水稻品种，即IJHR品种甬优2640、粳稻品种连粳7号和籼稻品种扬稻6号，大田种植，设置6种施氮量（0、100、200、300、400和500 kg hm^-²）处理。结果表明，各供试品种的产量均随着施氮量的增加呈现先增加后降低的趋势，甬优2640产量在施氮量为400 kg hm^-²时最高，为13.4 t hm^-²，连粳7号和扬稻6号产量在施氮量为300 kg hm^-²时最高，分别为9.4 t hm^-²和10.6 t hm^-²。在相同尤其是在较高的施氮量下，甬优2640产量和氮肥利用效率均高于连粳7号和扬稻6号。与连粳7号或扬稻6号相比，甬优2640具有较好的生理性状，如较高的根系氧化力和叶片光合速率，根和叶中较高的细胞分裂素含量，灌浆期茎中同化物较多地向籽粒转运。以上结果说明，无论是在低施氮量还是在高施氮量下，IJHR均能较常规水稻获得较高的产量和氮肥利用效率。IJHR较好的地上部和根系性状是其获得较高产量和氮肥利用效率的重要原因，而IJHR植株中较高的细胞分裂素含量则在响应施氮量中起着至关重要的作用，并有利于其他生理过程。

Abstract:

Utilizing the heterosis of indica/japonica hybrid rice (IJHR) is an effective way to further increase rice grain yield. Rational application of nitrogen (N) fertilizer plays a very important role in using the heterosis of IJHR to achieve its great yield potential. However, the responses of the grain yield and N utilization of IJHR to N application rates and the underlying physiological mechanism remain elusive. The purpose of this study was to clarify these issues. Three rice cultivars currently used in rice production, an IJHR cultivar Yongyou 2640 (YY2640), a japonica cultivar Lianjing 7 (LJ-7) and an indica cultivar Yangdao 6 (YD-6), were grown in the field with six N rates (0, 100, 200, 300, 400, and 500 kg ha^–1) in 2018 and 2019. The results showed that with the increase in N application rates, the grain yield of each test cultivar increased at first and then decreased, and the highest grain yield was at the N rate of 400 kg ha^–1 for YY2640, with a grain yield of 13.4 t ha^–1, and at 300 kg ha^–1 for LJ-7 and YD-6, with grain yields of 9.4–10.6 t ha^–1. The grain yield and N use efficiency (NUE) of YY2640 were higher than those of LJ-7 or YD-6 at the same N rate, especially at the higher N rates. When compared with LJ-7 or YD-6, YY2640 exhibited better physiological traits, including greater root oxidation activity and leaf photosynthetic rate, higher cytokinin content in the roots and leaves, and more remobilization of assimilates from the stem to the grain during grain filling. The results suggest that IJHR could attain both higher grain yield and higher NUE than inbred rice at either low or high N application rates. Improved shoot and root traits of the IJHR contribute to its higher grain yield and NUE, and a higher content of cytokinins in the IJHR plants plays a vital role in their responses to N application rates and also benefits other physiological processes.

Key words: indica/japonica hybrid rice , grain yield , nitrogen use efficiency , cytokinins , non-structural carbohydrate , root activity

. 籼/粳杂交水稻产量、氮肥利用效率与生理表现对施氮量的响应[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2023, 22(1): 63-79.

ZHOU Qun, YUAN Rui, ZHANG Wei-yang, GU Jun-fei, LIU Li-jun, ZHANG Hao, WANG Zhi-qin, YANG Jian-chang. Grain yield, nitrogen use efficiency and physiological performance of indica/japonica hybrid rice in response to various nitrogen rates[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2023, 22(1): 63-79.

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