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Journal of Integrative Agriculture  2020, Vol. 19 Issue (3): 643-655    DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(19)62705-X
Special Issue: 水稻耕作栽培合辑Rice Physiology · Biochemistry · Cultivation · Tillage
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Putrescine, spermidine, and spermine play distinct roles in rice salt tolerance
Md Azizul ISlam1, 2, 3, PANG Jin-huan1, MENG Fan-wei1, 2, LI Ya-wen1, 2, XU Ning1, YANG Chao1, 2, LIU Jun1, 2
1 State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100101, P.R.China
2 CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R.China
3 Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Applied Science and Technology, Islamic University, Kushtia 7003, Bangladesh
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Abstract  
Polyamines (PAs) play diverse roles in plant growth and development, as well as responses to environmental stimuli.  In this study, the effects of PAs on rice salt tolerance were investigated.  Salt stress resulted in the alteration of endogenous PAs levels in rice roots and leaves, where spermidine (Spd) and spermine (Spm) contents were increased, and putrescine (Put) content was decreased.  RT-qPCR analysis revealed that PAs biosynthesis-related genes ADC1, ODC, and Arginase were significantly downregulated by salt treatment; however, SAMDC transcription was significantly upregulated.  Exogenous Spm enhanced rice salt tolerance remarkably; however, exogenous Put and Spd undermined rice salt tolerance.  Transgenic rice plants overexpressing SAMDC display a higher ratio of Spm/(Put+Spd) and enhanced salt tolerance.  Salt stress also increased polyamine oxidase activities in rice, resulting in elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) production.  Our findings revealed that accumulation of Put and Spd substantially reduced salt tolerance in rice, likely by facilitating ROS production; whereas, conversion of Put and Spd to Spm contributes to rice salt tolerance.
Received: 14 November 2018   Accepted:
Fund: The study was supported by the National Key R&D Program (2017YFD0200900) and the Natural Science Foundation of China (31570252 and 31601629). Thanks to the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) and the World Academy of Sciences (TWAS) Presidents Fellowship for supporting Md Azizul Islam as a doctoral student (2015CTF068).
Corresponding Authors:  Correspondence LIU Jun, E-mail: junliu@im.ac.cn; YANG Chao, Tel/Fax: +86-10-64806158, E-mail: chaoyang@im.ac.cn   
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Md Azizul ISlam, PANG Jin-huan, MENG Fan-wei, LI Ya-wen, XU Ning, YANG Chao, LIU Jun. 2020. Putrescine, spermidine, and spermine play distinct roles in rice salt tolerance. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 19(3): 643-655.

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