华东南地区机械化栽培下头季稻氮肥的优化管理及其对再生稻的递延效应

doi:10.1016/S2095-3119(21)63668-7

Journal of Integrative Agriculture ›› 2022, Vol. 21 ›› Issue (2): 351-364.DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(21)63668-7

所属专题：水稻耕作栽培合辑Rice Physiology · Biochemistry · Cultivation · Tillage

华东南地区机械化栽培下头季稻氮肥的优化管理及其对再生稻的递延效应

收稿日期:2020-06-03 接受日期:2021-03-18 出版日期:2022-01-02 发布日期:2022-01-02

Optimal management of nitrogen fertilizer in the main rice crop and its carrying-over effect on ratoon rice under mechanized cultivation in Southeast China

HUANG Jin-wen^{1, 2}, WU Jia-yi^{1, 2}, CHEN Hong-fei^{1, 2}, ZHANG Zhi-xing^{1, 2}, FANG Chang-xun^{1, 2}, SHAO Cai-hong³, LIN Wei-wei^{1, 2}, WENG Pei-ying^{1, 2}, Muhammad Umar KHAN¹, LIN Wen-xiong^{1, 2}

¹ Key Laboratory for Genetics Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Education/College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, P.R.China
² Key Laboratory of Crop Ecology and Molecular Physiology (Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University), Fujian Province University, Fuzhou 350002, P.R.China
³ Institute of Soil Fertilizer and Resources Environment, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang 330200, P.R.China

Received:2020-06-03 Accepted:2021-03-18 Online:2022-01-02 Published:2022-01-02
About author:Correspondence LIN Wen-xiong, E-mail: wenxiong181@163.com, lwx@fafu.edu.cn
Supported by:
This study was funded by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFD0300508, 2017YFD0301602 and 2018YFD0301105), the Fujian-Taiwan Joint Innovative Centre for Germplasm Resources and Cultivation of Crop, China (Fujian 2011 Program; 2015-75) and the Science and Technology Development Fund of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, China (KF2015043).

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

本试验以“甬优1540”为材料，通过2年的田间重复试验，在头季稻总施纯氮量（225.00kg·hm^-2）不变的前提下，设置头季不同氮肥运筹处理（基肥：第一次分蘖肥：第二次分蘖肥：穗肥比分别为3:1:2:4(N1)、3:2:1:4(N2)、3:3:0:4(N3)、4:3:0:3(N4)），从水稻群体分蘖特性、冠层结构特点、光合生理变化及干物质积累与运转规律入手，探讨了东南稻作区机械化栽培下头季稻氮肥运筹对再生稻产量形成的影响。结果表明，头季前氮后移施肥的N1处理有助于增加头季分蘖数，提高分蘖成穗率，N1处理成穗率高达70.18%，比基蘖肥比重高的当地常规施肥N4处理提高了9.15%。N1处理还有助于提高群体LAI值，其头季及再生季齐穗期LAI值分别比N4处理提高了16.52% 和29.87%。就茎鞘物质运转率及冠层光能截获率而言，N1处理下其头季稻茎鞘物质运转率比N4处理提高了50.57%，而其再生季齐穗期的冠层光能截获率比N4处理提高了5.07%。在本试验中,头季稻前氮后移的N1处理两季实际总产量最高，2年平均实际总产达17351.23 kg·hm^-2，比当地常规施肥N4处理提高了23.00%。由此可见，头季稻合理氮肥处理有利其提高健桩存量，从而为再生季作物的群体及产量形成奠定基础。在本研究中，低留桩机械化栽培下头季稻适当的前氮后移，不仅提高头季稻产量，而且还有利其再生腋芽的萌发，增加再生季成穗率，从而实现水稻一种两收目的。

Abstract: This study attempted to clarify the carrying-over effect of different nitrogen treatments applied to the main crop on the crop population growth and yield formation of ratoon rice under mechanized cultivation in Southeast China. Based on the constant total nitrogen application amounts (225.00 kg ha^–1) in the main crop, an experiment with different ratios of basal and topdressing nitrogen fertilizer (the ratio of basal fertilizer:primary tillering fertilizer:secondary tillering fertilizer:booting fertilizer at 3:1:2:4 (N1), 3:2:1:4 (N2), 3:3:0:4 (N3), and 4:3:0:3 (N4), respectively, and a control without nitrogen treatment (N0)) was set up across two consecutive years in field using hybrid rice variety Yongyou 1540 as the test materials. The results showed that the total tiller number and effective tillering percentage increased in the main crop under the N1 treatment, more nitrogen fertilizer applied in late growth stage of the main crop, and its effective tillering percentage of the main crop was the highest at up to 70.18%, which was 9.15% higher than that of conventional fertilization treatment (N4), more nitrogen fertilizer applied in early growth stage of the main crop. The same tendency was observed in leaf area index (LAI) value of the main crop and its subsequent ratoon rice, which were 16.52 and 29.87% higher, respectively, in the N1 treatment than that in the N4 treatment at the full heading stage. The same was true in the case of the transport rates of stem and sheath dry mater and the canopy light interception rates in both the main and its ratoon crops. The transport rate of stem and sheath in main crop rice under N1 treatment increased by 50.57% compared with N4 treatment. The canopy light interception rate of N1 treatment increased by 5.07% compared with N4 treatment at the full heading stage of the ratoon crop. Therefore, the total actual yield was the highest in the main and its ratoon crops under N1 treatment, averaging 17 351.23 kg ha^–1 in two-year trials, which was 23.00% higher than that in the conventional fertilization treatment (N4). The results showed that appropriate nitrogen treatment was able to produce a good crop stand in the main crop, which was essential for producing a good ratoon crop population and high yield especially under mechanized cultivation with low stubble height of the main crop. The study suggested that shifting the proper nitrogen application amounts to the late growth stage of the main crop, such as N1 treatment, not only had a higher productive effect on ensuring the yield of the main crop, but also had a positive effect on the axillary bud sprouts from the stubbles for ratoon rice, resulting in an increased percentage of productive panicles and achieving the goal of one planting with two good harvests under the conditions of our study.

Key words: main crop , ratoon rice , nitrogen management , crop stand , low stubble height , grain yield

. 华东南地区机械化栽培下头季稻氮肥的优化管理及其对再生稻的递延效应[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2022, 21(2): 351-364.

HUANG Jin-wen, WU Jia-yi, CHEN Hong-fei, ZHANG Zhi-xing, FANG Chang-xun, SHAO Cai-hong, LIN Wei-wei, WENG Pei-ying, Muhammad Umar KHAN, LIN Wen-xiong . Optimal management of nitrogen fertilizer in the main rice crop and its carrying-over effect on ratoon rice under mechanized cultivation in Southeast China[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2022, 21(2): 351-364.

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华东南地区机械化栽培下头季稻氮肥的优化管理及其对再生稻的递延效应

Optimal management of nitrogen fertilizer in the main rice crop and its carrying-over effect on ratoon rice under mechanized cultivation in Southeast China

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