一次性施用控释掺混肥可提高晚粳稻产量、品质和光合效率

doi:10.1016/j.jia.2023.10.007

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

控释尿素（CRU）的氮素释放与水稻吸收相同步，可以有效提高氮肥利用率，提高水稻产量并改善稻米品质。然而，很少有研究说明施用CRU对光合速率及内源酶活性的影响。因此，本研究开展了两年的田间试验，共设置7个处理（CK:不施氮肥；BBF:普通掺混肥；RBBF:减氮20%普通掺混肥；CRF1：70%控释尿素+30%普通尿素一次性基施；CRF2:60%控释尿素+40%普通尿素一次性基施；RCRF1:CRF1处理减氮20%;RCRF2:CRF2处理减氮20%），每个处理设3次重复。结果表明，在两年的时间内控释掺混肥(CRBBF)处理的氮肥表观利用率（NRE）显著提高，与BBF处理相比，CRF1处理和CRF2处理的产量分别显著提高了4.1 ~ 5.9%和5.6 ~ 7.6%，但减氮处理RBBF与RCRF2之间差异不显著。CRF1、CRF2处理的光合速率要显著高于其他处理，并且显著提高了RuBPCase、RuBisCO、GOGAT、GS的酶活性。此外，在水稻生育后期，CRBBF处理的土壤NH₄⁺-N、NO₃^--N含量显著提高，更符合水稻长生育期的需肥规律。CRBBF还在一定程度上改善了稻米品质。与BBF、RBBF处理相比，CRBBF处理的蛋白质含量降低，但水稻的加工品质、外观品质、食味及蒸煮品质都有所提高。综上所述，施用CRBBF可以提高NRE、水稻光合速率以及内源酶的活性，保证了水稻生长过程中充足的氮素营养和干物质积累，进而实现提产增质。

Abstract:

Controlled-release urea (CRU) releases nitrogen (N) at the same pace that rice takes it up, which can effectively improve N use efficiency, increase rice yield and improve rice quality. However, few studies have described the effects of CRU application on the photosynthetic rate and endogenous enzyme activities of rice. Accordingly, a two-year field trial was conducted with a total of seven treatments: CK, no N fertilizer; BBF, regular blended fertilizer; RBBF, 20% N-reduced regular blended fertilizer; CRF1, 70% CRU+30% regular urea one-time base application; CRF2, 60% CRU+40% regular urea one-time base application; RCRF1, CRF1 treatment with 20% N reduction; and RCRF2, CRF2 treatment with 20% N reduction. Each treatment was conducted in triplicate. The results showed that the N recovery efficiency (NRE) of the controlled-release bulk blending fertilizer (CRBBF) treatments was significantly greater over the two years. There were significant yield increases of 4.1–5.9% under the CRF1 treatment and 5.6–7.6% under the CRF2 treatment compared to the BBF treatment, but the differences between the reduced-N treatments RBBF and RCRF2 were not significant. Photosynthetic rates under the CRF1 and CRF2 treatments were significantly higher than under the other treatments, and they had significantly greater RuBPCase, RuBisCO, glutamate synthase (GOGAT) and glutamine synthetase (GS) enzyme activities. Additionally, the soil NH₄⁺-N and NO₃^–-N contents under the CRBBF treatments were significantly higher at the late growth stage of rice, which was more in-line with the fertilizer requirements of rice throughout the reproductive period. CRBBF also led to some improvement in rice quality. Compared with the BBF and RBBF treatments, the protein contents under the CRBBF treatments were reduced but the milling, appearance, eating and cooking qualities of the rice were improved. These results showed that the application of CRBBF can improve the NRE, photosynthetic rate and endogenous enzyme activities of rice, ensuring sufficient N nutrition and photosynthetic material production during rice growth and thereby achieving improved rice yield and quality.

Key words: controlled-release bulk blending fertilizer , yield , quality , photosynthetic rate , endogenous enzyme activity

Canping Dun, Rui Wang, Kailiang Mi, Yuting Zhang, Haipeng Zhang, Peiyuan Cui, Yanle Guo, Hao Lu, Hongcheng Zhang. 一次性施用控释掺混肥可提高晚粳稻产量、品质和光合效率[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2024, 23(11): 3672-3691.

Canping Dun, Rui Wang, Kailiang Mi, Yuting Zhang, Haipeng Zhang, Peiyuan Cui, Yanle Guo, Hao Lu, Hongcheng Zhang. One-time application of controlled-release bulk blending fertilizer enhances yield, quality and photosynthetic efficiency in late japonica rice[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2024, 23(11): 3672-3691.

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