氮肥对水稻冠层温度的影响

doi:10.1016/j.jia.2023.05.005

Journal of Integrative Agriculture ›› 2024, Vol. 23 ›› Issue (3): 824-835.DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2023.05.005

氮肥对水稻冠层温度的影响

收稿日期:2023-03-07 接受日期:2023-04-10 出版日期:2024-03-20 发布日期:2024-03-02

Rice canopy temperature is affected by nitrogen fertilizer

Min Jiang^{1, 2}, Zhang Chen^{1, 2}, Yuan Li^{1, 2}, Xiaomin Huang^{1, 2}, Lifen Huang^{1, 2}, Zhongyang Huo^{1, 2#}

¹Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology/Agricultural College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
²Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China

Received:2023-03-07 Accepted:2023-04-10 Online:2024-03-20 Published:2024-03-02
About author:Min Jiang, Tel: +86-514-87979356, E-mail: jiangmin@yzu.edu.cn; #Correspondence Zhongyang Huo, Tel: +86-514-87972363, E-mail: zyhuo@yzu.edu.cn
Supported by:
This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2022YFD1500404), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31801310), the Natural Science Projects of Universities in Jiangsu Province, China (21KJA210001), and a project funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PAPD), China

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

水稻冠层温度与植株生理特性紧密联系，是直接影响产量形成的重要因素。但不同氮肥处理下水稻全生育期冠层温度的变化规律及其与水稻生长的关系尚待明确。本研究选择了当地常用的水稻品种淮稻5号、南粳9108和扬粳805为材料，设置了不施氮肥（CK），中氮（MN，200 kg ha^–1）和高氮（HN，300 kg ha^–1）三个氮肥梯度，进行了两年重复试验。利用无人机搭载高精度摄像头，测定种植在同一大田环境条件下水稻冠层温度的全生育期动态变化。结果表明不同氮肥处理下水稻冠层温度在分蘖、拔节、孕穗、抽穗期这四个时期不施氮肥处理的冠层温度显著高于中氮和高氮处理（p=0.05），而乳熟、蜡熟期则无显著差异。不同品种水稻的冠层温度表现为淮稻5号大于南粳9108大于扬粳805，但差异不显著。水稻冠层温度主要与地上部鲜重（相关系数r=-0.895）、植株含水率（-0.912）、剑叶净光合速率（-0.84）、气孔导度（-0.91）、蒸腾速率（-0.90）、气孔面积（-0.83）等性状相关，结构方程模型（SEM）表明氮肥是直接影响水稻冠层温度的最重要的因子，同时氮肥通过影响水稻叶片气孔面积、蒸腾速率和气孔导度，间接影响了水稻冠层温度。抽穗期是研究水稻冠层温度的最佳时期，此时水稻冠层温度与产量、穗数和每穗粒数呈极显著负相关关系，冠层温度的高低可成为反映水稻生长及预测产量的便捷而较准确的指标。

Abstract: Canopy temperature strongly influences crop yield formation and is closely related to plant physiological traits. However, the effects of nitrogen treatment on canopy temperature and rice growth have yet to be comprehensively examined. We conducted a two-year field experiment with three rice varieties (HD-5, NJ-9108, and YJ-805) and three nitrogen treatments (zero-N control (CK), 200 kg ha^–1 (MN), and 300 kg ha^–1 (HN)). We measured canopy temperature using a drone equipped with a high-precision camera at the six stages of the growth period. Generally, canopy temperature was significantly higher for CK than for MN and HN during the tillering, jointing, booting, and heading stages. The temperature was not significantly different among the nitrogen treatments between the milky and waxy stages. The canopy temperature of different rice varieties was found to follow the order: HD-5>NJ-9108>YJ-805, but the difference was not significant. The canopy temperature of rice was mainly related to plant traits, such as shoot fresh weight (correlation coefficient r=–0.895), plant water content (–0.912), net photosynthesis (–0.84), stomatal conductance (–0.91), transpiration rate (–0.90), and leaf stomatal area (–0.83). A structural equation model (SEM) showed that nitrogen fertilizer was an important factor affecting the rice canopy temperature. Our study revealed: (1) A suite of plant traits was associated with the nitrogen effects on canopy temperature, (2) the heading stage was the best time to observe rice canopy temperature, and (3) at that stage, canopy temperature was negatively correlated with rice yield, panicle number, and grain number per panicle. This study suggests that canopy temperature can be a convenient and accurate indicator of rice growth and yield prediction.

Key words: canopy temperature , rice , physiological and biochemical characteristics , yield

. 氮肥对水稻冠层温度的影响[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2024, 23(3): 824-835.

Min Jiang, Zhang Chen, Yuan Li , Xiaomin Huang, Lifen Huang, Zhongyang Huo.

Rice canopy temperature is affected by nitrogen fertilizer [J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2024, 23(3): 824-835.

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氮肥对水稻冠层温度的影响

Rice canopy temperature is affected by nitrogen fertilizer

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