Scientia Agricultura Sinica ›› 2026, Vol. 59 ›› Issue (20): 4531-4546.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2026.20.008

• HORTICULTURE • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Effects of Light Quality and Photoperiod on Growth, Yield, and Quality of Substrate-Cultivated Strawberry in a Chinese Solar Greenhouse

ZHANG Han1(), LI JingLai1, ZHANG YuQi1, GUO Jian2, LI Xing1, LI Tao1()   

  1. 1 Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081
    2 Anhui Jinshengda Bioelectronic Technology Co., Ltd., Ma’anshan 243000, Anhui
  • Received:2026-04-30 Accepted:2026-06-29 Online:2026-10-16 Published:2026-10-21
  • Contact: LI Tao

Abstract:

【Objective】This study investigated the effects of far-red (FR), ultraviolet-A (UVA), and photoperiod on the growth, yield, and fruit quality of substrate-cultivated strawberry in a solar greenhouse, aiming to develop an efficient supplemental lighting strategy for winter-spring production in China.【Method】The experiment was conducted from September 2024 to February 2025 in a solar greenhouse in Beijing, using the cultivar Red Face in an elevated substrate cultivation system. LED supplementary lighting was initiated at the early stage of flower bud differentiation (November 18, 2024), with lamps positioned 20 cm above the canopy. Treatments included different light qualities (Red/Blue 9/1, Red/Blue 9/1+FR, White light, White light+UVA) and photoperiods (10 h and 16 h), all using 120 W LED lamps with a canopy photosynthetic photon flux density of 270-290 μmol·m-2·s-1 (FR at 25-30 and UVA at 15-20 μmol·m-2·s-1). Lamps were automatically controlled by sensors (on when natural PPFD <300, off when >500). No supplemental lighting served as control, with three replicates per treatment (each replicate being one 10 m cultivation ridge). Plant morphology, leaf photosynthesis, SPAD index, flower bud differentiation, yield components, fruit quality, and electrical energy use efficiency (EUE) were measured.【Result】Red/Blue 9/1+FR significantly improved plant architecture, light interception, and flower bud differentiation. It increased yield by 45.0% compared to control and by 11.8% compared to Red/Blue 9/1, achieving the highest EUE (51.5% higher than Red/Blue 9/1). White light+UVA promoted vegetative growth (aboveground dry weight and leaf area increased by 144% and 112%, respectively, compared to control), but reduced maximum net photosynthetic rate by 29.5%, total flower buds by 15.0%, and fruit set by 21.2% compared to white light, resulting in yield comparable to control and 23.2% lower than white light. Extending photoperiod to 16 h induced shade-avoidance responses, with leaf area and aboveground dry weight increased by 167% and 163% compared to control, total flower buds increased by 110.7%, and yield increased by 60.2% (45.6% higher than 10 h treatment), with EUE 142.5% higher than the 10 h treatment. All supplemental lighting treatments increased fruit titratable acid and soluble protein contents, while soluble sugar content under Red/Blue 9/1 and Red/Blue 9/1+FR was significantly higher than other treatments.【Conclusion】In winter-spring strawberry production in solar greenhouses, FR supplementation and extended photoperiod (16 h) are recommended to effectively improve yield, quality, and energy use efficiency, while UVA should be avoided.

Key words: LED supplementary lighting, strawberry, non-visible light, photoperiod, Chinese solar greenhouse

Fig. 1

Overview of the experimental setup (A) and the relative photon flux density of each supplementary lighting treatment (B)"

Table 1

Details of the experimental design and parameters of LED supplementary lighting"

试验
Experiment
处理
Treatment
光子通量密度
Photon flux density (μmol·m-2·s-1)
1)补光灯运行时段
Operation period of supplementary lighting
光质
Light quality
白光White light 270-290 (Red/Blue=1/1) 8:00-18:00
红蓝9/1 Red/blue 9/1 270-290
红蓝9/1+远红光Red/blue 9/1+FR 270-290(FR=25-30)
白光+UVA White light+UVA 270-290(UVA=15-20)
光周期
Photoperiod
10 h(白光)10 h (white light) 270-290 8:00-18:00
8:00-24:00
16 h(白光)16 h (white light)

Fig. 2

Greenhouse environmental parameters and supplemental lighting implementation during the experimental period A: Average daily temperature and daily light integral of solar light in the greenhouse; B: The daily switch on duration of LED lamps; C: Accumulated total DLI of each treatment during the experimental period"

Fig. 3

Effects of different light quality and photoperiod treatments on morphology of strawberry plants (50 days after lighting treatments)"

Table 2

Effects of different light quality and photoperiod on growth and leaf morphological properties of strawberry (95 days after supplementary lighting treatment)"

试验
Experiment
处理
Treatment
地上部干重
Above-ground
dry weight (g)
叶片数
Leaf number
总叶面积
Total leaf area (cm2)
比叶面积
Specific leaf area (cm2·g-1)
叶柄长度
Petiole length
(cm)
光质
Light quality
对照CK 8.4±0.3d 23.3±0.5c 662±47c 137.4±5.4a 14.4±0.5c
白光White light 17.7±1.1ab 27.3±1.0b 1284±77a 136.9±2.2a 18.2±1.0b
红蓝9/1 Red/blue 9/1 13.5±1.0c 28.5±0.5a 1050±106b 137.1±2.9a 17.1±0.5b
红蓝9/1+远红光Red/blue 9/1+FR 16.6±0.6b 29.3±0.6a 1066±48b 131.9±3.0a 15.0±0.6c
白光+UVA White light+UVA 20.5±1.3a 24.5±0.6c 1404±113a 129.5±5.9a 22.3±0.6a
光周期
Photoperiod
对照CK 8.4±0.3c 23.3±0.5b 662±47c 137.4±5.4a 14.4±0.5c
10 h(白光)10 h (white light) 17.7±1.1b 27.3±1.0a 1284±77b 136.9±2.2a 18.2±1.0b
16 h(白光)16 h (white light) 22.1±1.4a 21.7±0.6c 1769±148a 139.0±7.2a 28.0±0.6a

Fig. 4

Effects of different light quality and photoperiod treatments on leaf photosynthetic parameters of strawberry A, B: Photosynthetic light response curves; C, D: Maximum net photosynthetic rate; E, F: Stomatal conductance"

Fig. 5

Effects of different light quality (A) and photoperiod on daily variation (B) of stomatal conductance in strawberry"

Fig. 6

Effects of different light quality (A) and photoperiod treatments (B) on chlorophyll index (SPAD value) of strawberry"

Table 3

Effects of different light quality and photoperiod on strawberry flower bud differentiation"

试验Experiment 处理
Treatment
第一花序花芽数量
Flower buds of 1st inflorescence
第二花序花芽数量
Flower buds of 2nd inflorescence
第三花序花芽数量
Flower buds of 3rd inflorescence
总花芽数
Total flower buds
开花时数
Flowering hours (h)
坐果率
Fruit set rate (%)
光质
Light quality
对照CK 7.4±0.5c 7.1±0.3d 5.0±0.3c 19.5±0.8c 139.0±7.0a 26±2c
白光White light 9.5±0.9b 9.8±0.8ab 6.3±0.6ab 25.6±1.1b 111.5±4.3b 33±2b
红蓝9/1 Red/blue9/1 12.3±0.7a 9.5±0.5b 5.6±0.4b 27.4±1.5ab 119.2±4.9b 36±1ab
红蓝9/1+远红光Red/blue9/1+FR 11.3±0.5a 11.1±1.0a 7.9±0.7a 30.3±1.4a 111.8±4.6b 38±1a
白光+UVA
White light+UVA
9.0±0.4b 8.4±0.5c 5.5±0.5b 22.9±1.0c 129.8±6.2a 26±1c
光周期
Photoperiod
对照CK 7.4±0.5c 7.1±0.3c 5.0±0.3c 19.5±0.8c 139.0±7.0a 26±2b
10 h(白光)
10 h (white light)
9.5±0.9b 9.8±0.8b 6.3±0.6b 25.6±1.1b 111.5±4.3b 33±2a
16 h(白光)
16 h (white light)
13.1±0.6a 13.9±1.3a 12.4±0.9a 41.1±1.8a 131.5±5.2a 22±1c

Fig. 7

Effects of different light quality (A) and photoperiod treatments (B) on strawberry yield per unit area"

Table 4

Effects of different light quality and photoperiod treatments on fruit number per plant and average fruit weight"

试验Experiment 处理Treatment 单株果数Fruit number per plant 单果重Single fruit weight (g)
光质
Light quality
对照CK 6.1±0.3c 27.5±0.4a
白光White light 7.8±0.2b 26.3±0.6b
红蓝9/1 Red/blue9/1 9.3±0.4a 24.3±0.4c
红蓝9/1+远红光Red/blue9/1+FR 9.9±0.5a 26.1±0.3b
白光+UVA White light+UVA 6.9±0.3c 26.0±0.5b
光周期
Photoperiod
对照CK 6.1±0.3c 27.5±0.4b
10 h(白光)10 h (white light) 7.8±0.2b 26.3±0.6c
16 h(白光)16 h (white light) 10.3±0.6a 28.6±0.5a

Table 5

Effects of different light quality and photoperiod treatments on strawberry fruit quality"

试验
Experiment
处理
Treatment
果实含水率
Fruit water content (%)
果实可溶性糖含量
Fruit soluble sugar content (mg·g-1)
果实滴定酸含量
Fruit titratable acid content (mg·g-1)
果实糖酸比
Fruit sugar acid ratio
果实可溶性蛋白含量
Fruit soluble protein content (mg·g-1)
光质
Light quality
对照CK 90.8±0.7a 56.9±1.1b 7.9±0.1d 7.1±0.2b 0.5±0.0b
白光White light 89.6±0.3b 55.6±2.7b 9.8±0.2b 6.0±0.2c 0.6±0.0a
红蓝9/1 Red/blue9/1 91.1±1.0a 67.6±3.0a 9.3±0.1c 7.6±0.3a 0.6±0.0a
红蓝9/1+远红光Red/blue9/1+FR 90.3±0.3ab 66.5±1.9a 10.9±0.1a 6.3±0.2c 0.6±0.0a
白光+UVA White light+UVA 89.4±1.6ab 56.6±5.1b 9.5±0.1bc 5.7±0.7c 0.6±0.0a
光周期
Photoperiod
对照CK 90.8±0.7a 56.9±1.1a 7.9±0.1b 7.1±0.2a 0.5±0.0b
10 h(白光)10 h (white light) 89.6±0.3b 55.6±2.7a 9.8±0.2a 6.0±0.2b 0.6±0.0a
16 h(白光)16 h (white light) 90.2±0.2ab 58.1±1.8a 9.7±0.1a 6.2±0.1b 0.6±0.0a

Fig. 8

LED power usage efficiency of different light quality and photoperiod treatments"

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