草莓花瓣脱落对果实灰霉病的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2015.22.007

Abstract

Abstract: 【Objective】The role of petal senescence in Botrytis fruit rot (BFR) of strawberry was defined and the relationship between the speed of petal fall and the incidence of BFR was analyzed. The results will provide a practical basis for BFR control and the evaluation of strawberry resistance or tolerance to BFR.【Method】Trial 1: Field trials were conducted on the strawberry cv. ‘Sweet Charlie’. Senescent petals on the surface of at least 2 000 fruits were removed. The incidences of BFR were evaluated after 8 days with high humidity in plastic greenhouses. Trial 2: Field trials were conducted in Mar. 2013, 2014 and 2015 on 11 cultivars. For each cultivar, numbers of senescent petals left on the strawberry surface were recorded at 7, 14, 21 and 28 days after white bud (DAB), 20 petals per cultivar. Percentages of fallen petals were calculated. The BFR incidences were investigated at the peak of BFR. The correction between the fallen petal rates and the BFR incidences were analyzed using Excel 2007. Trial 3: The petal fall rates and the number of residual petals on fruits of 33 cultivars were investigated and the correction between the two was analyzed.【Result】The BFR incidence was 4.2% at the beginning of the investigation. After 8 days, the average BFR incidence increased to 7.3% and 25.3% for the treatment of deblossoming and control, respectively. For most fruits, the infection origin was the overlap of senescent petals and fruits. For each cultivar, the trend of petal fall rates from year to year was consistent. The fallen petals of all cultivars increased with time; however, the petal-off speeds among cultivars were significantly different. For example, the fallen petal rates of ‘Jingyao’ at 7 DAB in the year 2013, 2014 and 2015 were 99.0%, 79.8% and 94.4%, which were significantly higher than ‘Jingyu’ (61.0%, 24.0% and 62.5%) and ‘Sweet Charlie’ (26.0%, 3.8% and 31.9%). The results of the correlation analysis showed that the BFR incidences were significantly negatively related with the fallen petal rates at the 7 DAB in different years (P＜0.05 in 2013; P＜0.01 in 2014 and 2015). The fallen petal rates at the 7 DAB was significantly negatively correlated with the number of residual petals on fruits (P＜0.01). 【Conclusion】Senescent petals is the main way for Botrytis cinerea to infect the strawberry fruit, therefore, removal of the senescent petals can significantly reduce the BFR incidences. There was significant correlation between fallen petal rates and BFR incidences on strawberry. Strawberry resources which petals fall off early are potential varieties with BFR resistance for the trait of disease escape.

Key words: strawberry, Botrytis fruit rot, disease escape, petals

HAN Yong-chao, ZENG Xiang-guo, XIANG Fa-yun, YANG Xiao-fang, YUAN Hua-zhao, CHEN Feng-ying, GU Yu-cheng. Effect of Petals Fall off on Botrytis Fruit Rot in Strawberry[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2015, 48(22): 4460-4468.

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