黑色与透明地膜在旱地玉米生产中的效应差异：基于土壤氮循环到植株根-冠生理的视角

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2026.17.004

Abstract

Abstract:

In the context of global warming, dryland agricultural production faces dual stresses of high temperature and drought. While transparent plastic film mulch has effects of warming soil and conserving moisture, its excessive warming tendency can exacerbate thermal stress in the root zone of rainfed maize, leading to root senescence, inhibition of photosynthesis, and yield fluctuations, especially in warm-dry ecological regions where maize yield reductions of 5%-10% may occur. Due to its unique optical properties, black plastic film can maintain soil moisture while moderately regulating root-zone temperature, making it a key technical pathway for replacing transparent film. This paper systematically elaborates on the differences in the effects of black and transparent plastic film on dryland maize production from the perspective of soil nitrogen cycling to plant root-shoot physiology. From a soil-process perspective, transparent film significantly increases soil temperature, accelerating nitrogen mineralization and nitrification. Although this enhances the supply of available nitrogen in the short term, it worsens organic nitrogen pool depletion in the long run and raises the risks of nitrogen leaching and gaseous nitrogen loss. In contrast, black film moderates soil temperature, maintains relatively stable microbial activity and nitrogen transformation processes, coordinates the “supply-demand-loss” relationship of nitrogen, and promotes efficient nitrogen-fertilizer use. From a plant-response perspective, the high-temperature stress induced by transparent film inhibits root activity and nitrogen uptake, resulting in premature leaf senescence and disrupted allocation of photosynthetic carbon. Black film alleviates heat stress on the root zone, extends leaf greenness duration and grain-filling period, and optimizes source-sink relationships. Based on the above mechanisms, black film has a significant advantage in increasing and stabilizing yield in areas with an annual average temperature above 9 ℃ and a precipitation of 400 mm during the growing season. On average, it can increase maize yield by 7% to 17%. Future rainfed maize production should rely on accumulated-temperature- precipitation coupling models to define ecological application thresholds for the two film types, focus on rhizosphere microbial- ecological responses to warming, integrate drip irrigation under mulch with controlled-release fertilizer technology, and establish a climate-smart mulching model that coordinates water and fertilizer management. Through the integration of multiple technologies and mechanistic innovation, black film mulching technology is expected to provide a systematic solution for the sustainable development of dryland agriculture under global warming.

Key words: dryland maize, black film substitution, soil temperature, nitrogen cycling, root-shoot physiology

ZHANG ShiBo, LI HongYan, LI QiuLin, YIN Wen, HUI XiaoLi, KANG JianHong, WU HongLiang. The Difference in the Effects of Black and Transparent Mulching Films in Dryland Maize Production: From the Perspective of Soil Nitrogen Cycling to Plant Root-Shoot Physiology[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2026, 59(17): 3743-3762.

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生态类型 Ecosystem type	气候特征 Climatic characteristics	地膜选择建议 Suggestions for choosing plastic film	选择依据 Selection basis
暖干型生态区 Warm dry ecological zone	年均温>9 ℃ Annual average temperature>9 ℃ 生长季降水<400 mm Precipitation during the growing season is less than 400 mm	优先推荐黑色地膜 Priority recommendation for black plastic film	缓解高温胁迫，延长灌浆期，增产7%—17%^[46]；控草、抑蒸效益显著；平抑根区极端高温^[21-25] Relieve high temperature stress, extend grain filling period, and increase yield by 7%—17%^[46]; The benefits of grass control and steam suppression are significant; Stabilize extreme high temperatures in the root zone^[21-25]
冷凉型生态区 Cool ecological zone	年均温<9 ℃ Annual average temperature<9 ℃	透明地膜为主黑膜需配套措施 Mainly transparent plastic film Black film requires supporting measures	透明地膜增温优势不可替代，促进早春出苗^[155,157]；黑膜可能延迟出苗^[155,157] The advantage of transparent plastic film in warming is irreplaceable, promoting early spring seedling emergence^[155,157]; Black film may delay seedling emergence ^[155,157]
高湿型生态区 High humidity ecological zone	生长季降水>600 mm Precipitation during the growing season is greater than 600 mm	黑色地膜优先 Black film priority	控草效果显著；增温温和，避免热胁迫^[29,157]；防止土壤过湿、根系缺氧 The grass control effect is significant; Mild warming to avoid heat stress ^[29,157]; Prevent soil moisture and root hypoxia

The Difference in the Effects of Black and Transparent Mulching Films in Dryland Maize Production: From the Perspective of Soil Nitrogen Cycling to Plant Root-Shoot Physiology

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