75个糜子品种根系特性差异及其与抗根倒伏的关联分析

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2026.12.003

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】This study aimed to explore the relationship between root traits, mechanical properties and root lodging resistance of different broomcorn millet varieties, identify the key indicators for evaluating root lodging-resistant varieties, screen such varieties, and provide theoretical support and material basis for broomcorn millet breeding against root lodging. 【Method】A field experiment was conducted with 75 broomcorn millet varieties as materials at the Maozao Test Base in Shanxi Province. At the early filling stage, root mechanical, morphological and architectural indicators including root pulling force, root weight, root length, root diameter and maximum root spreading angle were measured; after the heading stage, field identification of root lodging grades was carried out. Correlation analysis and principal component analysis were used to clarify the correlation between root traits and root lodging grades, determine the key indicators for root lodging resistance evaluation, and screen high root lodging-resistant varieties by combining the ranking of comprehensive principal component scores and field identification results. 【Result】Correlation analysis between root traits and mature root lodging grades showed that root lodging grade was extremely significantly negatively correlated with root pulling force (r=-0.340**) and significantly negatively correlated with root weight (r=-0.278*). Root pulling force was significantly positively correlated with the length, surface area and volume of roots with 2.0-3.0 mm diameter (r=0.253**-0.259*) and significantly positively correlated with the maximum root spreading angle (r=0.271*). Principal component analysis revealed that the top three principal components were 2.0-3.0 mm root traits (medium-thick root factor), root weight and maximum spreading angle (root weight and overall architecture factor), and root pulling force (root mechanical property factor), with individual contribution rates of 58.417%, 18.618% and 12.314% respectively. and the cumulative variance contribution rate reached 89.349%, which are the three key factors for broomcorn millet resistance to root lodging. Combining the ranking of comprehensive principal component scores and field identification results, 7 high root lodging-resistant varieties such as Ningmi 15 and Longmi 15 were screened out. 【Conclusion】The root traits of different broomcorn millet varieties exhibit rich genetic diversity. The top three principal components of root characteristics related to root lodging in broomcorn millet are: 1) root traits of 2.0-3.0 mm in diameter (medium-thick root factor); 2) root dry matter weight and maximum spreading angle (root weight and overall architecture factor); 3) root pulling force (root mechanical property factor). These are the main identification indicators for root lodging resistance in broomcorn millet. Among them, root pulling force can be used as a direct screening indicator for lodging resistance, and root traits of 2.0-3.0 mm in diameter should be focused on in root lodging-resistant breeding. Seven varieties with high root lodging resistance, including Ningmi 15 and Longmi 15, were screened out, which can be applied in variety improvement and research.

Key words: broomcorn millet, root traits, root lodging resistance, principal component analysis, variety screening

LIANG HaiYan, SU ZhanMing, SONG XiaoQiang, YANG Fang, JIANG Chao, ZHANG XiangYu, LI Hai. Differences in Root Traits Among 75 Broomcorn Millet Varieties and Their Correlation with Root Lodging Resistance[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2026, 59(12): 2563-2575.

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References 36

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根系性状 Root traits	样本数 Sample size	最小值 Min	中位数（四分位距） Med (IQR)	最大值 Max	异常值数量 No. of outlier	平均值±标准偏差 Mean±SD	变异系数 CV (%)
根拔力RPF (N)	75	38.50	64.30 (54.05-78.75)	139.50	2	67.18±19.34	28.79
根系干物质重量RW (g)	75	0.59	1.37 (1.13-1.65)	2.74	1	1.43±0.43	30.08
最大开张角度MSA (°)	75	58.33	76.67 (70.00-89.17)	120.00	2	80.96±14.31	17.68
最长根长MRL (cm)	75	18.00	23.33 (21.67-24.67)	30.00	2	23.24±2.49	10.69
根系总长TRL (cm)	75	346.71	606.81 (477.51-722.52)	1220.68	1	609.09±162.54	26.69
根系表面积RSA (cm²)	75	121.84	225.18 (188.36-254.64)	408.26	3	225.38±59.76	26.51
根系体积RV (cm³)	75	8.26	22.96 (16.73-28.37)	49.84	2	22.87±8.56	37.41
根系平均直径ARD (mm)	75	0.88	1.15 (1.05-1.24)	1.73	1	1.15±0.14	12.32

Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin度量值 Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin measurement value	0.746
Bartlett的球形度检验 Bartlett’s sphericity test	近似卡方Approximate Chi-squared value	2134.059
	自由度Degrees freedom	21
	显著性Significance	0.000

主成分 Principal component	初始特征值 Initial eigenvalue	方差百分比 Percentage of variances (%)	累积方差贡献率 Cumulative variance contribution rate (%)
PC1	4.089	58.417	58.417
PC2	1.303	18.618	77.035
PC3	0.862	12.314	89.349
PC4	0.745	10.638	99.987
PC5	0.001	0.013	100.000
PC6	7.983E-6	0.000	100.000
PC7	5.581E-7	7.973E-6	100.000

指标 Index		第1主成分 PC1	第2主成分 PC2	第3主成分 PC3
直径2.0—3.0 mm根系 Root system with diameter of 2.0-3.0 mm	投影面积PA3	0.995	0.026	0.089
	根系长度RL3	0.995	0.027	0.085
	根系表面积RSA3	0.995	0.026	0.089
	根系体积RV3	0.995	0.025	0.093
根系最大开张角度MRS		-0.058	0.729	0.251
根系干物质重量RW		0.103	0.834	-0.105
根拔力RPF		0.161	0.095	0.953

排序 Ranking	品种名称 Variety name	主成分得分Principal Component Scores			综合得分 Comprehensive score
排序 Ranking	品种名称 Variety name	PC1	PC2	PC3	综合得分 Comprehensive score
1	宁糜15号 Ningmi 15	4.40569	0.00325	-0.49942	2.44640
2	宁糜17号 Ningmi 17	2.50732	0.49967	-1.97308	1.23584
3	吉12 Ji 12	1.34404	2.08199	0.37008	1.19062
4	黄金黍1号 Huangjinshu 1	1.46144	1.00426	0.82297	1.13241
5	陇糜10号 Longmi 10	1.19357	1.26887	0.43462	0.96993
6	陇糜15号 Longmi 15	1.30743	0.33771	0.51017	0.88100
7	晋黍4号 Jinshu 4	1.34404	0.50280	-0.67358	0.75972
8	晋黍9号 Jinshu 9	0.94019	1.55866	-1.05425	0.66079
9	育糜3号 Yumi 3	0.43641	1.56744	0.26830	0.56596
10	宁糜10号 Ningmi 10	1.16508	-0.39423	-0.21354	0.56516
11	固糜22号 Gumi 22	0.49995	0.00006	1.42456	0.49210
12	晋黍2号 Jinshu 2	0.38427	0.85994	0.17174	0.39684
13	雁黍8号 Yanshu 8	0.58654	1.16906	-1.10467	0.38234
14	赤糜3号 Chimi 3	0.19081	-0.06653	1.60843	0.33024
15	冀黍3号 Jishu 3	0.33869	0.61354	0.03464	0.30728
16	内糜9号 Neimi 9	0.55334	0.74352	-0.98987	0.30461
17	陇糜5号 Longmi5	-0.22034	-0.38979	3.39136	0.29622
18	陇糜4号 Longmi 4	-0.24806	1.45971	1.15371	0.28389
19	宁糜9号 Ningmi 9	0.59021	-1.62577	1.49851	0.26640
20	内糜3号 Neimi 3	-0.54226	0.89462	2.48224	0.20806

Differences in Root Traits Among 75 Broomcorn Millet Varieties and Their Correlation with Root Lodging Resistance

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品种 Variety	倒伏面积比率/植株与地面夹角 Lodging area ratio/plant-ground angle(%/°)						根倒伏率Root lodging rate (%)	根倒伏级别 RLG	主成分综合得分排序 Ranking of comprehensive scores
	抽穗期后 After heading stage					成熟期 Maturity stage
	08/05	08/27	08/30	09/03	09/13	成熟期 Maturity stage
冀黍3号 Jishu 3	0/90	0/90	0/90	0/90	0/90	0/90	0	0	15
宁糜15号 Ningmi 15	0/90	0/90	0/90	0/90	0/90	0/90	0	0	1
赤黍2号 Chishu 2	0/90	0/90	0/90	0/90	0/90	0/90	0	0	41
宁糜10号 Ningmi 10	0/90	0/90	0/90	0/90	0/90	0/90	0	0	10
赤糜3号 Chimi 3	0/90	0/90	0/90	0/90	0/90	0/90	0	0	14
内糜3号 Neimi 3	70/45	0/90	0/90	0/90	0/90	0/90	0	0	20
固糜22号 Gumi 22	0/90	0/90	0/90	0/90	0/90	0/90	0	0	11
宁糜14号 Ningmi 14	0/90	0/90	0/90	0/90	0/90	0/90	0	0	42
陇糜15号 Longmi 15	100/60-90	0/90	0/90	0/90	0/90	0/90	0	0	6
内糜7号 Neimi 7	100/≤30	100/≤30	100/≤30	100/≤30	100/≤30	100/≤30	100	5	67
齐黍1号 Qishu 1	100/30-60	100/≤30	100/≤30	100/≤30	80/≤30	80/≤30	80	5	61
赤黍1号 Chishu 1	100/30-60	90/≤30	80/≤30	80/≤30	90/≤30	80/≤30	80	5	27
河曲白糜 Hequ Bai Mi	0/90	100/≤30	80/45-60	80/45-60	100/30-45	90/45	90	5	55
粘丰7号 Nianfeng 7	100/≤30	100/≤30	100/>60	100/45	80/30-45	80/30-45	80	5	75

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