基于稳定同位素技术的北京黑猪产地溯源研究

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2025.23.020

Abstract

Abstract:

【Background】 Under the background of the quality and safety supervision of agricultural products facing severe challenges, the traceability of characteristic pork products has become a key link to ensure food safety. In recent years, there has been frequent chaos in the market, such as shoddy goods and fake places of origin, which have seriously damaged consumers' rights and interests as well as the healthy development of the industry. 【Objective】 In this study, the characteristics of stable isotope ratio of black pig samples from three producing areas (Yanqing, Beijing; Chengde, Hebei province; Laiwu, Shandong province) were analyzed, so as to establish the traceability technology of Beijing black pig based on stable isotope analysis and provide a support for the traceability identification of meat products. 【Method】 A total of 110 pork samples from three regions were collected in the experiment. The ratios of four stable isotopes, namely carbon, nitrogen, hydrogen and oxygen, in pork samples were determined by elemental analysis and isotope ratio mass spectrometry (EA-IRMS), and the origin discrimination model was established by chemometrics. Specifically, it included: one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) to test the significant difference between groups; Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to visualize the data distribution. Orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) was used to screen key discriminant indexes; according to the linear discriminant analysis (LDA), the data were statistically analyzed, and the traceability model of Beijing black pig with stable isotope index was established. 【Result】 Analysis of variance showed that there were significant differences in δ¹³C, δ¹⁵N, δ²H and δ¹⁸O stable isotopic ratios among the samples from three producing areas (P<0.05), which were mainly due to the differences in feed composition, fertilization methods and water source characteristics. Through principal component analysis, it was found that the cumulative contribution rate of the first two principal components reached 90.9%, which effectively distinguished pork samples from three producing areas. Orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis further verified the differentiation effect (R²X=1, R²Y=0.876, Q²=0.866). In the linear discriminant model based on four stable isotope combinations, the discriminant accuracy of the training set and the test set were both 100%, and the area under the ROC curve (AUC value) was 1.000, which showed that the model had extremely high stability and reliability, and provided the strong technical support for the traceability of Beijing black pig products. 【Conclusion】 In this study, the stable isotope technique was successfully used to accurately identify the origin of Beijing black pig, and the application potential of this method in security traceability was verified. The stable isotope characteristic fingerprints formed by different regional environmental factors provided the scientific and reliable technical support for the origin certification of pork products.

Key words: Beijing black pig, stable isotope, origin traceability, chemometrics, discriminant model

LIU Jing, ZHAO ShiLin, YANG XiaoTing, WEI YiXuan, LI JiaPeng, ZHAO Yan. Study on the Origin Traceability of Beijing Black Pig Based on Stable Isotope Technology[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2025, 58(23): 5071-5080.

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References 36

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元素 Element	北京延庆 Yanqing, Beijing	河北承德 Chengde, Hebei	山东莱芜 Laiwu, Shandong
δ¹³C (‰)	-17.24±0.36c	-14.71±0.38a	-15.80±0.43b
δ¹⁵N (‰)	3.38±0.22b	3.01±0.20c	4.09±0.40a
δ²H (‰)	-107.54±2.16b	-113.17±2.31c	-102.22±1.92a
δ¹⁸O (‰)	13.70±0.64a	10.16±0.92c	12.58±0.57b

数据集 Data set	产地 Origin	样本量 Sample size	北京延庆 Yanqing, Beijing	河北承德 Chengde, Hebei	山东莱芜 Laiwu, Shandong	准确率 Accuracy rate (%)
训练集 Training set	北京延庆 Yanqing, Beijing	30	30	0	0	100.0
	河北承德 Chengde, Hebei	30	0	30	0	100.0
	山东莱芜 Laiwu, Shandong	23	0	0	23	100.0
测试集 Testing set	北京延庆 Yanqing, Beijing	10	10	0	0	100.0
	河北承德 Chengde, Hebei	10	0	10	0	100.0
	山东莱芜 Laiwu, Shandong	7	0	0	7	100.0

稳定同位素组合 Stable isotope combination	训练集预测正确率 Training set prediction accuracy (%)	测试集预测正确率 Testing set prediction accuracy rate (%)	训练集AUC值 Training set AUC value	测试集AUC值 Testing set AUC value
δ¹³C&δ¹⁵N	97.6	96.3	0.995	0.975
δ²H&δ¹⁸O	98.8	96.3	0.983	0.992
δ¹³C&δ¹⁵N&δ²H&δ¹⁸O	100.0	100.0	1.000	1.000

Study on the Origin Traceability of Beijing Black Pig Based on Stable Isotope Technology

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