西北灌区复种绿肥及减氮条件下春小麦产量及水分利用特征

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2024.11.011

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】The aim of this study was to explore the effects of multiple-cropping green manure and reduced nitrogen (N) application on water use characteristics of spring wheat in northwest irrigated areas, so as to provide a theoretical basis for optimizing the efficient use of water resources in spring wheat production.【Method】A split-zone design was adopted, with two cropping patterns of multiple-cropping green manure (W-G) and post-wheat fallow (W) in the main zone, three N fertilizer levels in the sub-plot: conventional N fertilizer application (180 kg·hm^-2, N3), N fertilizer reduction of 15% (N2, 153 kg·hm^-2), and N fertilizer reduction of 30% (N1, 126 kg·hm^-2). The effects of multiple-cropping of green manure and nitrogen reduction on yield, water consumption and water use efficiency of spring wheat were studied from 2020 to 2021.【Result】The multiple-cropping green manure combined with moderate reduction of nitrogen fertilizer increased the pre-sowing soil water storage of spring wheat, and W-G increased the pre-sowing soil water storage of spring wheat by 11.5% to 13.5% compared with W pattern, while the multiple-cropping green manure combined with N reduction of 15% (W-GN2) and multiple-cropping green manure combined with N fertilizer reduction of 30% (W-GN1) increased the pre-sowing soil water storage of spring wheat compared to control post-wheat fallow combined with conventional N fertilizer application (W-N3) by 12.1% to 20.2% and 15.2% to 16.6%, respectively. W-G reduced water consumption of spring wheat by 12.6% to 13.7% compared with W-GN1, and W-GN2 reduced water consumption of spring wheat by 15% compared to W-N2 and W-N3, respectively. W-G effectively harmonized the water demand characteristics of spring wheat before and after the reproductive period by reducing the evapotranspiration modulus coefficient of spring wheat at the early stage of nodulation and filling, and increasing the evapotranspiration modulus coefficient of pre-sowing to jointing and early-filling to maturity (the proportion of water consumption of the two stages to the total water consumption of the whole reproductive period was 60.5% to 64.1%). Finally, the synchronization of water supply and demand during the growth and development of spring wheat was enhanced. W-G had the advantage of yield increase, with 13.5% to 14.1% under W pattern. W-GN2 and W-N3 had yield increases of 16.7% to 18.4% and 13.6% to 14.6% under W-N2 and W-N3, respectively. Thus, W-G improved water use efficiency by 29.4% to 31.0% compared with the W pattern, and among the multiple-cropping green manure, W-GN2 improved water use efficiency by a greater extent than W-N2 and W-N3 by 44.2% to 46.8% and 39.1% to 43.5%, respectively, and W-GN1 and W-GN3 by 36.2% to 50.7% and 9.1% to 17.0%, respectively.【Conclusion】The multiple-cropping green manure combined with 15% N fertilizer reduction (i.e., 153 kg·hm^-2 of N fertilizer) improved spring wheat yield and water use efficiency compared with conventional water and N fertilizer management, and could be recommended as a production technique for efficient water use in spring wheat in dry irrigated areas.

Key words: Vicia villosa roth, reduced nitrogen application, spring wheat, yield, water use efficiency, northwest irrigated areas

ZHANG DianKai, LI Pan, FAN Hong, HE Wei, FAN ZhiLong, HU FaLong, SUN YaLi, TAN XiangNian, YIN Wen, CHEN GuiPing. Soil Water Use Characteristics of Spring Wheat with Multiple- Cropping Green Manure and Nitrogen Reduction in Northwest Irrigated Areas[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2024, 57(11): 2189-2201.

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References 32

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处理代码 Treatment code	种植模式 Cropping pattern	施氮水平 N application level	施氮量 N fertilizer rate (kg•hm^-2)
W-N1	春小麦收获后休闲 (W) Fallow after spring wheat harvest	地方传统施氮减量30% Local conventional N amount reduced by 30%	126
W-N2		地方传统施氮减量15% Local conventional N amount reduced by 15%	153
W-N3		地方传统施氮 Local conventional N amount	180
W-GN1	春小麦收获后复种绿肥 (W-G) Multiple cropping green manure after spring wheat harvest	地方传统施氮减量30% Local conventional N amount reduced by 30%	126
W-GN2		地方传统施氮减量15% Local conventional N amount reduced by 15%	153
W-GN3		地方传统施氮 Local conventional N amount	180

种植模式 Cropping pattern	施氮水平 N application level	2021年春小麦各生育阶段 Each growth stage of spring wheat in 2021																总耗水量 Total water consumption (mm)
		播种期—拔节期 Sowing-jointing					拔节期—孕穗期 Jointing-booting				孕穗期—灌浆初期 Booting-early-filling				灌浆初期—收获期 Early-filling-harvesting			总耗水量 Total water consumption (mm)
		ET (mm)			CP (%)		ET (mm)		CP (%)		ET (mm)		CP (%)		ET (mm)		CP (%)	2021	2020
W	N1	104.0b			23.6c		108.1ab		24.5a		119.3a		27.0a		110.0b		24.9b	441.4a	492.1a
	N2	112.0a			23.7c		120.6a		25.0a		127.0a		26.9a		112.0ab		24.4b	471.6a	457.8a
	N3	119.0a			25.3b		113.4a		24.1ab		117.4a		25.0b		120.0a		25.6b	469.8a	459.7a
W-G	N1	112.0a			25.6ab		102.5b		23.5ab		109.2ab		25.0b		113.0ab		25.9b	436.7ab	470.0a
	N2	101.0b			26.1ab		84.9c		21.9b		93.0b		24.1bc		108.3b		27.9a	387.2b	363.9b
	N3	108.0ab			26.7a		98.6bc		24.4ab		96.0b		23.7c		102.0b		25.2b	404.6b	405.5ab
显著性Significance
种植模式 Cropping pattern (C)			NS	*		*		*		*		*		*		*		*	*
施氮水平 N application level (N)			*	*		NS		NS		*		*		NS		NS		NS	NS
种植模式×施氮水平 C×N		*		*		**		*		*		*		*		*		*	*

Soil Water Use Characteristics of Spring Wheat with Multiple- Cropping Green Manure and Nitrogen Reduction in Northwest Irrigated Areas

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