Scientia Agricultura Sinica ›› 2024, Vol. 57 ›› Issue (11): 2189-2201.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2024.11.011

• SOIL & FERTILIZER·WATER-SAVING IRRIGATION·AGROECOLOGY & ENVIRONMENT • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Soil Water Use Characteristics of Spring Wheat with Multiple- Cropping Green Manure and Nitrogen Reduction in Northwest Irrigated Areas

ZHANG DianKai(), LI Pan, FAN Hong, HE Wei, FAN ZhiLong, HU FaLong, SUN YaLi, TAN XiangNian, YIN Wen(), CHEN GuiPing()   

  1. College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University/State Key Laboratory of Arid Land Crop Science, Lanzhou 730070
  • Received:2023-07-12 Accepted:2023-08-29 Online:2024-06-01 Published:2024-06-07
  • Contact: YIN Wen, CHEN GuiPing

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Abstract:

【Objective】The aim of this study was to explore the effects of multiple-cropping green manure and reduced nitrogen (N) application on water use characteristics of spring wheat in northwest irrigated areas, so as to provide a theoretical basis for optimizing the efficient use of water resources in spring wheat production.【Method】A split-zone design was adopted, with two cropping patterns of multiple-cropping green manure (W-G) and post-wheat fallow (W) in the main zone, three N fertilizer levels in the sub-plot: conventional N fertilizer application (180 kg·hm-2, N3), N fertilizer reduction of 15% (N2, 153 kg·hm-2), and N fertilizer reduction of 30% (N1, 126 kg·hm-2). The effects of multiple-cropping of green manure and nitrogen reduction on yield, water consumption and water use efficiency of spring wheat were studied from 2020 to 2021.【Result】The multiple-cropping green manure combined with moderate reduction of nitrogen fertilizer increased the pre-sowing soil water storage of spring wheat, and W-G increased the pre-sowing soil water storage of spring wheat by 11.5% to 13.5% compared with W pattern, while the multiple-cropping green manure combined with N reduction of 15% (W-GN2) and multiple-cropping green manure combined with N fertilizer reduction of 30% (W-GN1) increased the pre-sowing soil water storage of spring wheat compared to control post-wheat fallow combined with conventional N fertilizer application (W-N3) by 12.1% to 20.2% and 15.2% to 16.6%, respectively. W-G reduced water consumption of spring wheat by 12.6% to 13.7% compared with W-GN1, and W-GN2 reduced water consumption of spring wheat by 15% compared to W-N2 and W-N3, respectively. W-G effectively harmonized the water demand characteristics of spring wheat before and after the reproductive period by reducing the evapotranspiration modulus coefficient of spring wheat at the early stage of nodulation and filling, and increasing the evapotranspiration modulus coefficient of pre-sowing to jointing and early-filling to maturity (the proportion of water consumption of the two stages to the total water consumption of the whole reproductive period was 60.5% to 64.1%). Finally, the synchronization of water supply and demand during the growth and development of spring wheat was enhanced. W-G had the advantage of yield increase, with 13.5% to 14.1% under W pattern. W-GN2 and W-N3 had yield increases of 16.7% to 18.4% and 13.6% to 14.6% under W-N2 and W-N3, respectively. Thus, W-G improved water use efficiency by 29.4% to 31.0% compared with the W pattern, and among the multiple-cropping green manure, W-GN2 improved water use efficiency by a greater extent than W-N2 and W-N3 by 44.2% to 46.8% and 39.1% to 43.5%, respectively, and W-GN1 and W-GN3 by 36.2% to 50.7% and 9.1% to 17.0%, respectively.【Conclusion】The multiple-cropping green manure combined with 15% N fertilizer reduction (i.e., 153 kg·hm-2 of N fertilizer) improved spring wheat yield and water use efficiency compared with conventional water and N fertilizer management, and could be recommended as a production technique for efficient water use in spring wheat in dry irrigated areas.

Key words: Vicia villosa roth, reduced nitrogen application, spring wheat, yield, water use efficiency, northwest irrigated areas

Fig. 1

Dynamic of precipitation and average air temperature in the study area from 2020 to 2021"

Table 1

Different treatment code and design"

处理代码
Treatment code		 种植模式
Cropping pattern		 施氮水平
N application level		 施氮量
N fertilizer rate (kg•hm-2)
W-N1 春小麦收获后休闲 (W)
Fallow after spring wheat harvest		 地方传统施氮减量30% Local conventional N amount reduced by 30% 126
W-N2 地方传统施氮减量15% Local conventional N amount reduced by 15% 153
W-N3 地方传统施氮 Local conventional N amount 180
W-GN1 春小麦收获后复种绿肥 (W-G)
Multiple cropping green manure after spring wheat harvest		 地方传统施氮减量30% Local conventional N amount reduced by 30% 126
W-GN2 地方传统施氮减量15% Local conventional N amount reduced by 15% 153
W-GN3 地方传统施氮 Local conventional N amount 180

Fig. 2

Vertical variation of soil water content in 0-120 cm soil layer at the important growth stage of spring wheat under different cropping patterns and N application levels in 2021 W-G and W represent multiple-cropping green manure and post-wheat fallow, respectively; N1, N2, and N3 treatments are in order of 30% N fertilizer reduction, 15% N fertilizer reduction, and conventional local N application. Error bars above the curves indicate the value of LSD. In 2021, the dates of soil moisture content corresponding to the pre-sowing stage, jointing stage, booting stage, early-filling stage, mid-filling stage and harvest stage of wheat are March 17, April 26, May 11, June 25, July 10, July 26, respectively. The same as below"

Fig. 3

Dynamics of average soil water content in 0-120 cm soil layer of spring wheat farmland under different cropping patterns and N application levels in 2021"

Fig. 4

Soil water storage at pre-sowing stage of spring wheat under different cropping patterns and N application levels Different letters above the bars are significantly different within the same year among the treatments at 0.05 level, NS. *, ** represent no significant difference, significant difference at 0.05 level, significant difference at 0.01 level, respectively. The same as below"

Table 2

ET and CP of spring wheat under different cropping patterns and N application levels"

种植模式
Cropping pattern		 施氮水平
N application level		 2021年春小麦各生育阶段 Each growth stage of spring wheat in 2021 总耗水量
Total water consumption (mm)
播种期—拔节期
Sowing-jointing		 拔节期—孕穗期
Jointing-booting		 孕穗期—灌浆初期
Booting-early-filling		 灌浆初期—收获期
Early-filling-harvesting
ET (mm) CP (%) ET (mm) CP (%) ET (mm) CP (%) ET (mm) CP (%) 2021 2020
W N1 104.0b 23.6c 108.1ab 24.5a 119.3a 27.0a 110.0b 24.9b 441.4a 492.1a
N2 112.0a 23.7c 120.6a 25.0a 127.0a 26.9a 112.0ab 24.4b 471.6a 457.8a
N3 119.0a 25.3b 113.4a 24.1ab 117.4a 25.0b 120.0a 25.6b 469.8a 459.7a
W-G N1 112.0a 25.6ab 102.5b 23.5ab 109.2ab 25.0b 113.0ab 25.9b 436.7ab 470.0a
N2 101.0b 26.1ab 84.9c 21.9b 93.0b 24.1bc 108.3b 27.9a 387.2b 363.9b
N3 108.0ab 26.7a 98.6bc 24.4ab 96.0b 23.7c 102.0b 25.2b 404.6b 405.5ab
显著性Significance
种植模式 Cropping pattern (C) NS * * * * * * * * *
施氮水平 N application level (N) * * NS NS * * NS NS NS NS
种植模式×施氮水平 C×N * * ** * * * * * * *

Fig. 5

Grain yield of spring wheat under different cropping patterns and N application levels"

Fig. 6

Water use efficiency of spring wheat under different cropping patterns and N application levels"

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