基于地上部症状的玉米根腐病分级及严重度与农艺性状的关系

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2022.20.006

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】This study aimed to establish a standardized and easy-to-operate grading criterion for maize root rot severity based on the aboveground symptoms at the seedling stage, and to clarify the effects of different disease severities on maize growth and yield.【Method】The maize was planted with hole-sowing, and the inoculum of Fusarium graminearum was placed between the seeds of two holes for root rot inoculation. After emergence, the symptoms of root rot were observed continuously, and the grading criterion of disease severity was established based on the symptoms of the aboveground parts at the V5 stage. The agronomic traits of plant height, stem base diameter, stem diameter, and ear height of plants with different grades were measured at the V11 stage and dough stage, respectively. At the same time, the incidence of stalk rot, which developed from root rot, was investigated at the dough stage. After harvesting, yield-related traits, including ear diameter, ear length, bare top length, row number per ear, kernel number per row, 100-kernel weight, and kernel weight per ear, were measured. Then, the relationship between root rot severity and yield-related traits was analyzed.【Result】At the V1 stage, the symptoms of yellowing leaf and wilting tip, seminal root and mesocotyl with yellowish-brown lesions, and some mesocotyl with browned vascular tissue were observed. At the V3 stage, the mesocotyl and root system of the diseased plants were necrotic to varying degrees, and the aboveground part of some plants was dead due to the necrotic mesocotyl. At the V5 stage, it can be classified into the following three types, i.e., leaves showed yellowing to varying degrees, or even gradually withered; the plant appearance was a dwarf and developed slowly and stagnantly; the plant died. Furthermore, the severity of root rot was divided into grades 1, 3, 5, 7 and 9 based on the aboveground symptoms at the V5 stage. Investigation of agronomic traits showed that plant height, stem base diameter, stem diameter and ear height decreased gradually with the increase of disease grade of root rot at the V11 stage and dough stage. At the same time, the development of most 9-grade plants was inhibited or stagnated, and showed tillering or deformity. The investigation of stalk rot indicated that some of the root rot plants developed into stalk rot in the late growth stage. The incidence of stalk rot showed a decreasing trend with the increase of root rot grade. The analysis of yield traits showed that the grade of root rot disease was negatively correlated with seven yield-related traits. It could cause more than 50% of the yield loss at the 5-grade, and even no grain at the 9-grade.【Conclusion】Based on the observation and description of the symptoms of maize root rot, an efficient and easy-to-operate grading criterion reflecting disease severity was formulated according to the aboveground symptoms at the V5 stage. Root rot disease can reduce the plant height, stem diameter and ear height, and easily lead to cause stalk rot. The severity of root rot is negatively correlated with yield-related traits. The results of this study are expected to guide resistance evaluation of varieties against root rot, disease control and yield loss assessment.

Key words: maize root rot, aboveground symptom, severity, grading criterion, agronomic trait

LIU ShuSen,SUN Hua,SHI Jie,GUO Ning,MA HongXia,ZHANG HaiJian. Grading Criterion of Maize Root Rot Based on Aboveground Symptoms and the Relationship Between Severity and Agronomic Traits[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2022, 55(20): 3939-3947.

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References 32

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病情级别Disease grade	植株地上部症状描述 Description of aboveground symptoms
1	植株地上部生长正常或者下部叶片有轻微黄化 Aboveground parts are healthy, or lower leaves show slightly yellowing
3	植株下部叶片黄化,长势比正常植株稍弱 Lower leaves are yellowing, and the growth is slightly weaker than that of the healthy plant
5	植株下部叶片叶尖枯死,植株生长缓慢,矮化 Tips of lower leaves are withered, and the plants grow slowly and dwarfed
7	植株下部叶片枯死,中部叶片黄化,植株生长缓慢,明显矮化 The lower and middle leaves are withered and yellowed, respectively, and the plants grow slowly and dwarfed obviously
9	植株整株枯死或大部分叶片枯死,植株生长基本停滞,矮小 The plant is dead or most leaves are withered, and the plant growth is basically stagnant and dwarfed

病情级别 Disease grade	11叶期 V11 stage		蜡熟期 Dough stage
病情级别 Disease grade	株高 Plant height (cm)	茎基部粗 Stem base diameter (cm)	株高 Plant height (cm)	茎粗 Stem diameter (cm)	穗位高 Ear height (cm)
CK	138.80±0.35a	2.63±0.04a	288.48±0.71a	2.28±0.02a	137.68±0.36a
1	136.12±0.85a	2.59±0.10a	285.54±1.15a	2.17±0.04a	136.38±2.87a
3	112.68±1.06b	2.28±0.04b	268.84±1.44b	1.93±0.02b	124.16±1.81b
5	74.32±1.40c	1.73±0.04c	239.74±2.78c	1.46±0.03c	115.12±2.21c
7	38.80±0.84d	1.04±0.04d	154.48±8.85d	0.88±0.04d	86.68±3.70d
9	18.24±1.01e	0.81±0.05e	47.67±5.98e	0.75±0.08e	28.01±5.71e

病情级别 Disease grade	穗粗 Ear diameter (cm)	穗长 Ear length (cm)	秃尖长 Bare top length (cm)	穗行数 <BOLD>R</BOLD>ows per ear	行粒数 Kernels per row	百粒重 100-kernel weight (g)	穗粒重 Kernel weight per ear (g)	产量损失率 Yield loss rate (%)
CK	4.38±0.01a	16.54±0.09a	0.70±0.08c	12.64±0.19a	35.16±0.51a	32.50±0a	143.23±0.74a	—
1	4.19±0.03a	15.58±0.29ab	1.23±0.13b	12.40±0.20a	34.16±0.77a	32.00±0b	135.57±3.48a	5.35
3	4.30±0.03a	15.21±0.32b	1.11±0.15b	11.76±0.18ab	33.92±0.81a	30.33±0.17c	121.65±3.27b	15.07
5	3.62±0.10b	11.01±0.42c	2.66±0.16a	11.04±0.26b	22.00±1.27b	26.67±0.17d	65.44±4.39c	54.31
7	0.34±0.19c	1.18±0.67d	—	1.20±0.66c	1.48±0.87c	27.00±0.29d	4.00±2.33d	97.21
9	0d	0e	—	0d	0c	0e	0d	100.00

	病情级别 Disease grade	穗粗 Ear diameter	穗长 Ear length	秃尖长 Bare top length	穗行数 <BOLD>R</BOLD>ows per ear	行粒数 Kernels per row	百粒重 100-kernel weight	穗粒重 Kernel weight per ear
病情级别 Disease grade	1
穗粗 Ear diameter	-0.896*	1
穗长 Ear length	-0.936*	0.992*	1
秃尖长 Bare top length	-0.342	-0.656	0.560	1
穗行数 Rows per ear	-0.892*	0.998**	0.986**	0.687	1
行粒数 Kernels per row	-0.938**	0.986**	0.998**	0.526	0.977**	1
百粒重 100-kernel weight	-0.906*	0.999**	0.993**	0.656	0.999**	0.986**	1
穗粒重 Kernel weight per ear	-0.967**	0.953**	0.984**	0.409	0.943**	0.989**	0.956**	1

Grading Criterion of Maize Root Rot Based on Aboveground Symptoms and the Relationship Between Severity and Agronomic Traits

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