机械收获方式对油菜籽粒关键性状的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2021.14.006

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】Harvesting is one of the key links in rapeseed production, which affects the yield and quality. In this experiment, artificially simulated combined harvesting and two-stage harvesting were used and analyzed the impacts on key traits of rapeseeds. This study provides a basis for the selection of mechanical harvesting methods and the determination of supporting parameters.【Method】Two middle-ripening rapeseed varieties with different oil content were selected, and different harvesting periods were used. For combined harvesting the period is 20-44 d in Huanggang and 23-47 d in Xiangyang, and the two-stage harvesting is practiced on different time 20, 26, and 32 d in Huanggang while, 23, 29, 35 d in Xiangyang, after final flowering, whereas 3, 6, 9, and 12 d post-ripening, in Huanggang and Xiangyang, Hubei. Furthermore, key indicators such as1000-grain weight, water content, quality, etc were measured and analyzed. 【Result】The two pilots and two varieties of the combined harvesting reached the physiological maturity about 38 days after final flowering, the required accumulated temperature was about 1 100℃, and the thousand-grain weight and oil content were the largest. Approximately 46 days after the final flowering, the seed moisture and chlorophyll content rapidly decreased to the optimum point, which is a suitable period for mechanized combined harvesting. Moreover, reduction in seed moisture content is highly significantly positively correlated with daily average temperature and atmospheric pressure, while decreased chlorophyll content is highly significantly positively correlated with daily average temperature, but significantly negatively correlated with rainfall. Under D3 (about 33 d after final flowering), the highest average content of 1000-grain weight, oil contents, rate of oil yield, uniformity and oleic acid, and the lowest average content of chlorophyll, linoleic acid and moisture under the two-stage harvest while comparing D3 with D1 and D2, Our study showed that the number of days of post-ripening has no significant effect on the oil content, oil yield, thousand-grain weight, uniformity, oleic acid, and linoleic acid content, but the moisture content rapidly decreased to the optimum point after 6-9 days, which is a suitable time for picking and threshing. The seed moisture content decreased and significantly positively correlated with solar radiation but highly significantly negatively correlated with rainfall. 【Conclusion】During the period of final flowering to the harvesting, the average daily temperature is 19-22℃, the rainfall is 1.0-3.5 mm, and the atmospheric-pressure is 1.45-1.75 kPa. However, under prevailing climatic conditions, the combined harvesting is done on approximately 46th day after final flowering (which is about 8 days after physiological maturity) and the two-staged harvesting is used to cut down on about 33rd day after the final flowering (which is about 5 days before the physiological maturity), then post-ripening practice is carried out (average relative humidity is 64%-80%, the rainfall is 0.7-3.1 mm, and the solar radiation is 10-13 MJ·m^-2), to picked the harvested crop after 6-9 days of two-stage harvesting. Under this condition, the moisture content of seed can be reduced to about 15%, and the chlorophyll content can be reduced to below 10 mg·kg^-1. There was no significant difference between the two harvesting methods in terms of 1000-grain weight, oil content, rate of oil yield and seed uniformity, however, the oleic acid and linoleic acid contents of seed were higher, seed and oil quality were better in two-stage harvesting as compared with the combined harvesting.

Key words: rapeseed, combined harvesting, two-stage harvesting, key traits of seed

BAI ChenYang, HE HanZi, JIA CaiHua, LI XiaoHua, REN YiLin, YE Jun, WANG Bo, KUAI jie, ZHOU GuangSheng. Effect of the Mechanical Harvesting Methods on the Key Traits of Rapeseed[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2021, 54(14): 2991-3003.

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处理因素 Processing factors	试验点 Test sites	联合收获 Combine harvesting	分段收获 Two-stage harvesting
割倒时间 The time of cutting down	黄冈HG	终花后20—44 d,每隔3 d收获1次,分别记为CK1—CK9 20-44 d after final flowering, harvested every 3 d, respectively marked as CK1-CK9	终花后20 d（D1）、26 d（D2)、32 d（D3) 20 d (D1), 26 d (D2), 32 d (D3) after final flowering
割倒时间 The time of cutting down	襄阳XY	终花后23—47 d,每隔3 d收获1次,分别记为CK1—CK9 23-47 d after final flowering, harvested every 3 d, respectively marked as CK1-CK9	终花后23 d（D1）、29 d（D2）、35 d（D3） 23 d (D1), 29 d (D2), 35 d (D3) after final flowering
后熟时长 The time of post-ripening		—	后熟3 d（L3）、6 d（L6）、9 d（L9）、12 d（L12） Post-ripening 3 d (L3), 6 d (L6), 9 d (L9), 12 d (L12)

收获方式 Harvest methods		日均温 Daily temperature (℃)	大气压 Atmospheric-pressure (kPa)	相对湿度 Relative humidity (%)	降雨量 Precipitation (mm)	太阳辐射量 Solar radiation (MJ·m^-2)
含水量 Moisture content	联合收获 Combine harvest	0.560**	0.462**	-0.016	-0.261	-0.134
含水量 Moisture content	分段收获 Two-stage harvest	0.194	-0.215	-0.400**	-0.467**	0.485**
叶绿素含量 Chlorophyll content	联合收获 Combine harvest	0.473**	0.312	-0.081	-0.360*	0.159
叶绿素含量 Chlorophyll content	分段收获 Two-stage harvest	-0.021	-0.009	-0.030	-0.209	0.048

籽粒关键指标 The key traits of rapeseed	地点Site	华油杂62 HZ62			中双11 ZS11
籽粒关键指标 The key traits of rapeseed	地点Site	CK	D3L6	D3L9	CK	D3L6	D3L9
千粒重 1000-grain weight (g)	黄冈HG	3.48a	3.36a	3.38a	3.64b	3.87a	3.83a
千粒重 1000-grain weight (g)	襄阳XY	3.37a	3.34a	3.38a	4.13a	3.85b	3.85b
含油量 Oil content (%)	黄冈HG	41.06a	40.05a	40.59a	48.72a	47.93a	48.30a
含油量 Oil content (%)	襄阳XY	41.47a	40.63a	41.04a	46.06a	45.50a	45.78a
整齐度 Uniformity	黄冈HG	0.18b	0.20a	0.20a	0.16a	0.14c	0.15b
整齐度 Uniformity	襄阳XY	0.17a	0.18a	0.18a	0.15a	0.16a	0.16a
油酸含量 Oleic acid content (%)	黄冈HG	54.14a	57.11a	55.36a	54.15b	57.92a	58.47a
油酸含量 Oleic acid content (%)	襄阳XY	55.84a	55.12a	56.35a	56.77b	58.11a	58.80a
亚油酸含量 Linoleic acid content (%)	黄冈HG	18.53b	19.56a	19.59a	13.58b	16.89a	16.17a
亚油酸含量 Linoleic acid content (%)	襄阳XY	21.09a	21.38a	21.36a	18.12b	19.39a	19.59a
叶绿含量 Chlorophyll content (mg·kg^-1)	黄冈HG	0.44b	3.56a	1.27ab	0.37a	0.31a	0.22a
叶绿含量 Chlorophyll content (mg·kg^-1)	襄阳XY	0.41b	1.94a	1.19ab	0.94a	1.49a	1.44a
出油率 Rate of oil yield (%)	黄冈HG	31.65a	28.66a	29.81a	38.02a	38.22a	38.99a
出油率 Rate of oil yield (%)	襄阳XY	34.04a	33.15a	33.66a	38.82a	36.37b	39.02a

Effect of the Mechanical Harvesting Methods on the Key Traits of Rapeseed

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