不同钾肥用量下稻油轮作系统钾素利用和作物产量形成特征

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2025.16.008

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of potassium (K) fertilizer application rates on crop productivity, K utilization, and apparent K balance under the rice-rapeseed rotation system in the Yangtze River Basin, so as to provide a scientific basis for the rational application and distribution of potassium fertilizer in the rice-rapeseed rotation system.【Method】A field experiment was carried out from 2016 in Wuxue City, Hubei Province, China. Five treatments were set up with 0 (K₀), 60 (K₆₀), 120 (K₁₂₀), 180 (K₁₈₀) and 240 (K₂₄₀) kg K₂O·hm^-2, respectively. The crop yield, K uptake, K fertilizer utilization and apparent K balance were studied from 2016 to 2024.【Result】K fertilization significantly increased crop yield and aboveground K uptake, with the increase in rapeseed yield and aboveground K uptake being greater than that of rice. Compared with K₀, K application significantly increased rice and rapeseed yield by 18.1%-32.7% and 46.7%-93.1%, respectively, and K uptake by 72.3%-240.1% and 124.6%-512.2%, respectively. K fertilization significantly reduced yield stability index of rapeseed yield by 24.2%-41.2%, and markedly increased yield sustainability index (SYI) by 23.2%-45.7%. The yield stability index of rice yield across all treatments was lower than that of rapeseed, and SYI was comparatively higher. The annual energy yield under the K₀ treatment exhibited a progressive decline with each successive year of crop rotation. The increase in rapeseed yield was primarily attributed to an increase in pod number and seed number, whereas in rice, it was mainly due to an increase in effective panicles and filled grains per panicle. As the K fertilizer application rates increased, the proportion of K uptake in rapeseed within the annual system rose, with the average K uptake ratio between rice and rapeseed being 3:2. The agronomy efficiency and the recovery efficiency of K fertilizer in rice were on average 4.5 kg·kg^-1 and 2.5 percentage points higher than those in rapeseed, respectively. Conversely, the K fertilizer dependency of rapeseed was 11.6 percentage points higher than that of rice. K application shifted the annual K apparent balance from deficit to surplus. When the K fertilizer application rate increased to 180 kg K₂O·hm^-2 during the rice season, the K balance transitioned from deficit to surplus, while in the rapeseed season, 60 kg K₂O·hm^-2was required to achieve surplus. Fitting with a linear-plus-plateau model, the optimal K fertilizer application rates were determined to be 102 kg K₂O·hm^-2 for the rice season and 147 kg K₂O·hm^-2 for the rapeseed season. 【Conclusion】In summary, the application of potassium fertilizer increased the yield of rapeseed better than that of rice. The recommended annual potassium fertilizer application rate for the rice-rapeseed rotation system was 250 kg K₂O·hm^-2, with the fertilization ratio between the rice season and the rapeseed season being approximately 2:3.

Key words: rice-rapeseed rotation, yield, potassium uptake, potassium fertilizer utilization, apparent potassium balance, linear-plus- plateau model

GAO ZiYi, WU HaiYa, LIU JunQuan, CUI Xin, LIU AiHua, FANG YaTing, REN Tao, LI XiaoKun, LU JianWei. Characteristics of Potassium Utilization and Crop Yield Formation in Rice-Rapeseed Rotation System Under Different Potassium Fertilizer Application Rates[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2025, 58(16): 3245-3255.

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References 30

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处理 Treatment	水稻 Rice			油菜 Rapeseed
处理 Treatment	有效穗数 No. of effective panicles (×10⁴·hm^-2)	每穗实粒数 No. of filled grains per panicle	千粒重 1000-grain weight (g)	单株角果数 Pod number (No./plant)	每角粒数 Seed number (No./pod)	千粒重 1000-seed weight (g)
K₀	237.2±0.2b	111.7±1.0c	23.45±0.37c	152.2±6.6c	16.1±0.8c	4.01±0.29a
K₆₀	241.8±8.6b	128.9±3.7b	24.30±0.11b	174.7±10.5c	19.6±1.4b	4.06±0.10a
K₁₂₀	260.4±6.6a	139.7±2.3a	24.62±0.28ab	228.9±24.9b	20.6±1.6ab	3.86±0.20ab
K₁₈₀	268.5±5.5a	143.8±3.2a	24.84±0.21a	311.2±32.9a	21.7±0.7a	3.75±0.10ab
K₂₄₀	265.9±15.8a	139.4±2.1a	24.36±0.06b	302.7±35.1a	21.9±0.8a	3.66±0.04b
AVONA
钾肥用量 Potassium rate (K)	10.39***	74.24***	31.33***	104.17***	37.39***	8.78***
年份Year (Y)	24.54***	23.42***	79.91***	70.19***	46.40***	387.99***
K×Y	0.94 ns	2.05**	0.81 ns	2.21**	1.97*	1.96*

处理 Treatment	水稻 Rice			油菜 Rapeseed
处理 Treatment	农学效率 Agronomy efficiency (kg·kg^-1)	回收利用率 Recovery efficiency (%)	肥料依赖性 Fertilizer dependency (%)	农学效率 Agronomy efficiency (kg·kg^-1)	回收利用率 Recovery efficiency (%)	肥料依赖性 Fertilizer dependency (%)
K₀	—	—	—	—	—	—
K₆₀	17.2	62.7	53.6	10.4	53.7	69.9
K₁₂₀	13.3	64.2	69.8	8.1	56.7	82.3
K₁₈₀	10.2	58.5	77.6	6.9	61.6	87.4
K₂₄₀	7.8	51.9	82.2	5.1	55.2	90.3
平均 Average	12.1	59.3	70.8	7.6	56.8	82.4

处理 Treatment	水稻 Rice (kg K₂O·hm^-2)	油菜 Rapeseed (kg K₂O·hm^-2)	周年 Annual (kg K₂O·hm^-2)
K₀	-52.0±5.2	-25.9±0.9	-77.9±4.4
K₆₀	-29.7±1.3	1.9±0.4	-27.8±1.6
K₁₂₀	-9.0±5.0	26.0±3.5	17.0±7.0
K₁₈₀	22.6±7.1	43.3±7.5	65.9±14.5
K₂₄₀	63.4±6.4	81.5±3.6	145.0±8.5

Characteristics of Potassium Utilization and Crop Yield Formation in Rice-Rapeseed Rotation System Under Different Potassium Fertilizer Application Rates

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