畜禽粪污厌氧发酵沼液农用之环境安全风险

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2021.01.009

Abstract

Abstract:

The biogas slurry (BS) is a kind of residue liquid of biogas produced by anaerobic fermentation with livestock and poultry manure as the main raw materials. The biogas project in China began in the 1970s. With the development of livestock and poultry farming, and anaerobic digestion technology of livestock manure, the production of anaerobic fermentation BS from livestock manure has greatly increased. The BS from livestock and poultry manure is also a kind of sewage, thus its safe disposal or treatment has become an issue that must be faced and solved to prevent from environmental pollution resulted from agricultural waste in China. At present, the BS has been mainly returned to agricultural land directly without any harmless treatment, as a main disposal method of BS. However, several harmful pollutants (including heavy metals and antibiotics) in livestock manure can still remain in the BS in the process of anaerobic fermentation, and to some extent, even exceed the limits of national water quality standards, endangering farmland ecological environment safety. In this paper, a large number of research data published in the last decade were collected, and the concentrations of heavy metals and antibiotics in animal feeds and manure (including pig, cattle, and chicken) were analyzed, and the impacts of the BS returned into the farmlands on soil quality, water environment and agricultural product safety were evaluated. The research results were showed as follows. (1) The BS was at a risk of seriously exceeding the limits for water quality standard. For example, the concentrations of pollutants (including Hg, Cd, As, Pb, Cr, Cu, Zn and Cl) detected in BS mostly exceeded the limits of the Standards for Irrigation Water Quality (GB 5084—2005), and exceeded the limits (Class IV-V) of the Standards for Groundwater Quality (GB/T 14848—2017). In addition, several antibiotic residues were detected in BS, in which tetracycline antibiotics were higher than other antibiotics, exceeded the threshold value for water quality (10 ng·L^-1) set by European Medicines Agency (EMEA). (2) The BS was at a risk of agricultural land pollution. For example, the concentrations of pollutants (including Cd, As, Pb, Ni, Cr, Cu and Zn) detected in the soils applied with BS exceeded the Risk Screening Values for Soil Contamination of Agricultural Land in the Soil Environmental Quality Risk Control Standard for Soil Contamination of Agricultural Land (GB 15618—2018). In addition, it was reported that several antibiotic residues (such as tetracyclines and quinolones, with the concentration of 3.9 and 14.3 mg·kg^-1, respectively) were detected in the soils applied with BS for 6 years, exceeding the allowable limit of soil antibiotic residues (0.1 mg·kg^-1) stipulated by the Steering Committee of the Veterinary International Committee on Harmonization (VICH). (3) The BS was at a safety risk of agricultural products. As some field experiments reported, several pollutants detected in crops applied with BS (such as Cd, Pb, Ni, Cr, Zn and As in vegetables) exceeded the Safety Qualification for Agricultural Product-Safety Requirements for Non-environmental Pollution Vegetable (GB/T 18406.1—2001), and Maximum Levels of Contaminants in Food (GB 2762—2017). The results indicated that because the rates of BS in agricultural land were usually high, a large amount of BS directly used into farmlands by waste disposal method might lead to the risk of excessive pollutants accumulated in the soils, even exceeding GB 15618—2018 limits in a short term. In order to ensure the safety of soil, water and agricultural products, it is imperative to make pre-treatments for removal of pollutants (including heavy metals and antibiotics) in BS, not exceeding the limit standards for BS returning in farmlands. Therefore, the further research and application on BS treatment technologies for removal of heavy metal and antibiotic pollutants are still needed to strengthen to ensure BS safe utilization in agricultural land.

Key words: agricultural waste, environmental safety risk, soil pollution, biogas slurry from livestock manure, heavy metals, antibiotics, agricultural waste, environmental safety risk, soil pollution, biogas slurry from livestock manure, heavy metals, antibiotics

WANG XiaoBin, YAN Xiang, LI XiuYing. Environmental Safety Risk for Application of Anaerobic Fermentation Biogas Slurry from Livestock Manure in Agricultural Land in China[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2021, 54(1): 110-139.

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Figures/Tables 14

Table 1

Concentrations of elements in animal feeds (AF) in China and national standard limits for animal feeds"

元素 Element in AF	样本数 Number of samples	范围 Range (mg·kg^-1)	均值±标准差 Ave.± SD. (mg·kg^-1)	超标率 Over limits (%)	GB 13078-2017^[31] Hygienical standard for feeds (mg·kg^-1)	Announcement (No. 2625)^[30] by MOA safe use of feed additive (mg·kg^-1)	数据来源 Data sources
猪饲料Pig-AF
Hg	24	0-0.311	0.032±0.083	8.3	≤0.1		[34,38,45-46,52-53]
Cd	155	0-55.43	3.54±8.74	59.4	≤0.5		[9,32,34,36-38,41,43-47,50-54,56,59-60]
As	153	0-120.17	11.69±17.79	62.7	≤2		[32-34,36-38,43-46,52-55,57-58,60]
Pb	144	0.01-62.9	5.21±9.67	20.1	≤5		[32,34-38,40-41,43-47,50-53,56,59-60]
Cr	131	0-199.9	13.92±22.23	58.0/98.5	≤5	≤0.2	[9,32,34-35,37,43-47,52-56,59-60]
Ni	95	0.18-29.63	5.30±6.48				[32,37,44-46,50,53,56,59]
Cu	204	0-5600.5	210.7±439.8	89.7		≤25	[9,16,32-39,41-48,50-57,59-60]
Zn	222	15.9-5500	577.2±874.1	82.9		≤120	[9,16,32-57,59-60]
Mn	55	25.3-336	121.2±72.2	30.9		≤150	[32,36-37,40,42,51,53,59]
牛饲料Cattle-AF
Hg	7	0-0.03	0.009±0.010	0.0	≤0.1		[46,52-53]
Cd	21	0-23.25	2.68±5.58	47.6	≤0.5		[9,46,50,52-54]
As	17	0-6.12	1.01±1.57	17.6	≤2		[46,52-54]
Pb	14	0.5-14.9	5.67±4.22	50.0	≤5		[35,46,50,52-53]
Cr	12	0.7-30.86	11.79±9.17	66.7/100	≤5	≤0.2	[9,35,46,52-53]
Ni	8	0.33-11.79	4.93±3.60				[46,50,53]
Cu	24	0-281.2	45.4±60.8	54.2		≤25	[9,35,46,50,52-54]
Zn	36	10.3-471.4	135.1±134.8	33.3		≤120	[9,35,46,49-50,52-54]
Mn	3	20.4-268.8	124.9±128.8	33.3		≤150	[53]
鸡饲料Chicken-AF
Hg	8	0-0.066	0.016±0.023	0.0	≤0.1		[46,52-53]
Cd	18	0-8.0	1.24±2.05	44.4	≤0.5		[9,46,52-54,61]
As	20	0-11.2	1.62±2.80	20.0	≤2		[46,52-54,61]
Pb	14	0.02-34.5	7.10±9.00	50.0	≤5		[35,46,52-53,61]
Cr	24	0-936.45	88.64±212.38	70.8/83.3	≤5	≤0.2	[9,35,46,52-54,61]
Ni	8	0.02-91.8	14.87±31.36				[46,53,61]
Cu	24	2.86-458.7	56.48±97.25	45.8		≤25	[9,35,46,52-54,61]
Zn	42	5.6-594.8	148.2±119.0	52.4		≤120	[9,35,46,49,52-54,61]
Mn	6	52.6-726.7	300.9±262.3	66.7		≤150	[53,61]

Table 1

Table 1

Concentrations of elements in animal feeds (AF) in China and national standard limits for animal feeds"

元素 Element in AF	样本数 Number of samples	范围 Range (mg·kg^-1)	均值±标准差 Ave.± SD. (mg·kg^-1)	超标率 Over limits (%)	GB 13078-2017^[31] Hygienical standard for feeds (mg·kg^-1)	Announcement (No. 2625)^[30] by MOA safe use of feed additive (mg·kg^-1)	数据来源 Data sources
猪饲料Pig-AF
Hg	24	0-0.311	0.032±0.083	8.3	≤0.1		[34,38,45-46,52-53]
Cd	155	0-55.43	3.54±8.74	59.4	≤0.5		[9,32,34,36-38,41,43-47,50-54,56,59-60]
As	153	0-120.17	11.69±17.79	62.7	≤2		[32-34,36-38,43-46,52-55,57-58,60]
Pb	144	0.01-62.9	5.21±9.67	20.1	≤5		[32,34-38,40-41,43-47,50-53,56,59-60]
Cr	131	0-199.9	13.92±22.23	58.0/98.5	≤5	≤0.2	[9,32,34-35,37,43-47,52-56,59-60]
Ni	95	0.18-29.63	5.30±6.48				[32,37,44-46,50,53,56,59]
Cu	204	0-5600.5	210.7±439.8	89.7		≤25	[9,16,32-39,41-48,50-57,59-60]
Zn	222	15.9-5500	577.2±874.1	82.9		≤120	[9,16,32-57,59-60]
Mn	55	25.3-336	121.2±72.2	30.9		≤150	[32,36-37,40,42,51,53,59]
牛饲料Cattle-AF
Hg	7	0-0.03	0.009±0.010	0.0	≤0.1		[46,52-53]
Cd	21	0-23.25	2.68±5.58	47.6	≤0.5		[9,46,50,52-54]
As	17	0-6.12	1.01±1.57	17.6	≤2		[46,52-54]
Pb	14	0.5-14.9	5.67±4.22	50.0	≤5		[35,46,50,52-53]
Cr	12	0.7-30.86	11.79±9.17	66.7/100	≤5	≤0.2	[9,35,46,52-53]
Ni	8	0.33-11.79	4.93±3.60				[46,50,53]
Cu	24	0-281.2	45.4±60.8	54.2		≤25	[9,35,46,50,52-54]
Zn	36	10.3-471.4	135.1±134.8	33.3		≤120	[9,35,46,49-50,52-54]
Mn	3	20.4-268.8	124.9±128.8	33.3		≤150	[53]
鸡饲料Chicken-AF
Hg	8	0-0.066	0.016±0.023	0.0	≤0.1		[46,52-53]
Cd	18	0-8.0	1.24±2.05	44.4	≤0.5		[9,46,52-54,61]
As	20	0-11.2	1.62±2.80	20.0	≤2		[46,52-54,61]
Pb	14	0.02-34.5	7.10±9.00	50.0	≤5		[35,46,52-53,61]
Cr	24	0-936.45	88.64±212.38	70.8/83.3	≤5	≤0.2	[9,35,46,52-54,61]
Ni	8	0.02-91.8	14.87±31.36				[46,53,61]
Cu	24	2.86-458.7	56.48±97.25	45.8		≤25	[9,35,46,52-54,61]
Zn	42	5.6-594.8	148.2±119.0	52.4		≤120	[9,35,46,49,52-54,61]
Mn	6	52.6-726.7	300.9±262.3	66.7		≤150	[53,61]

Table 1

Table 2

Table 3

Concentrations of elements in animal manures (AM) compared with those in animal feeds (AF)"

元素 Element in AM	样本数 Number of samples	范围 Range (mg·kg^-1)	均值±标准差 Ave.± SD. (mg·kg^-1)	饲料中均值 Ave. in AF (mg·kg^-1)	富集系数 Enrichment coeff.	数据来源 Data sources
猪粪Pig-AM
Hg	112	0-9.42	0.247±1.050	0.032	7.81	[7,10,14,34,38,42,45-46,52-53,67-71,76-77,79-80,81,83,88-89, 94,98]
Cd	323	0-203.4	4.84±18.06	3.54	1.37	[7,10,14,32-34,37-38,41-47,50-53,56,59-60,63-64,67-72,74-75, 77-81,83,85-94,98]
As	305	0-373.8	23.46±43.58	11.69	2.01	[7,9-10,14,32-34,37-38,42-46,52-53,57-58,60,65,67-72,74-76, 77-81,83,86,88-89,92,94-96,98]
Pb	320	0-421.2	11.76±35.34	5.21	2.26	[7,10,14,32-34,37-38,40-47,50-53,56,59-60,63,65,67-73,75, 77,79-81,83,85-89, 1-92,94-95,97-98]
Cr	279	0-1616.52	42.19±120.73	13.92	3.02	[7,9-10,14,32-34,37,42-47,52-53,56,59,60,63,67-72,75,77,79-81, 83,85,89-92,94-96,98]
Ni	161	0.66-286.4	15.40±24.81	5.30	2.89	[7,14,32,37,44-46,50,53,56,59,63,68,70-71,80-81,83,85,89, 91,98]
Cu	386	0.6-7327	639.2±647.5	210.7	3.07	[7,9-10,14,16,32-34,37-39,41-48,50-53,56-57,59-60,63-68,70-73, 75-90,92-95,97-98]
Zn	394	4.6-16928	1578.5±2447.7	577.2	2.73	[7,9-10,14,16,32-34,37-53,56-57,59-60,63-68,70-73,75-89,91-98]
Na	7	3100-7890	4427.1±1770.4			[7]
Se	4	0.01-1.34	0.343±0.665			[14,38]
Mn	80	105.2-1469	558.2±225.4	121.2	4.61	[7,14,32-33,37,40,42,51,53,59,98]
牛粪Cattle-AM
Hg	49	0-2.54	0.257±0.557	0.009	29.89	[10,14,46,52-53,67-70,79-81,83,88-89,99-101]
Cd	81	0-10.49	1.04±1.67	2.68	0.39	[10,14,33,46,50,52-53,63,67-70,75,79-81,83,85,88-90,93,99-102]
As	66	0-31.19	3.83±5.92	1.01	3.81	[9-10,14,33,46,52-53,67-70,75,79-81,83,88-89,99-101]
Pb	77	0.01-88.15	12.89±13.85	5.67	2.27	[10,14,33,35,46,50,52-53,63,67-70,75,79-81,83,85,88-89,100-102]
Cr	78	0-678.7	32.85±81.51	11.79	2.79	[9-10,14,33,35,46,52-53,63,67-70,75,79-81,83,85,88-90,100-102]
Ni	37	0.37-26.21	10.58±5.78	4.93	2.15	[14,46,50,53,63,68,70,80-81,83,85,89,100]
Cu	86	3.7-1257.1	96.2±193.7	45.4	2.12	[9-10,14,33,35,46,50,52-53,63,66-68,70,75,79-83,85,88-90,93,99-102]
Zn	83	7-2230	279.7±427.9	135.1	2.07	[9-10,14,33,35,46,49-50,52-53,63,66-68,70,75,79-83,85,88-89,93, 100-102]
Na
Se	2	0.05-0.44	0.245±0.276			[14]
Mn	9	85.5-1260.7	601.0±484.6	124.9	4.81	[14,33,53,101]
鸡粪Chicken-AM
Hg	60	0-4.6	0.330±0.857	0.016	20.22	[7,10,14,46,52-53,67-71,79,81,83,88-89,94,103]
Cd	90	0-65.6	3.67±9.96	1.24	2.94	[7,10,14,33,46,52-53,63-64,67-71,75,79,81,83,85,88-90, 93-94,103]
As	77	0-685.08	17.06±78.46	1.62	10.49	[7,9-10,14,33,46,52-53,67-71,75,79,81,83,88-89,94,103]
Pb	87	0-352.7	18.62±44.02	7.10	2.62	[7,10,14,33,35,46,52-53,63,67-71,75,79,81,83,85,88-89, 94,103]
Cr	89	0-4304.68	170.85±598.96	88.64	1.91	[7,9-10,14,33,35,46,52-53,63,67-71,75,79,81,83,85,88-90, 94,103]
Ni	46	2.15-42.43	14.99±10.90	14.87	1.00	[7,14,46,53,63,68,70-71,81,83,85,89,103]
Cu	93	1.5-1726.3	152.2±263.9	56.48	3.06	[7,9-10,14,33,35,46,52-53,63-64,67-68,70-71,75,79-85,88-90, 93-94,103]
Zn	93	0.2-4485	465.5±692.7	148.2	3.13	[7,9-10,14,33,35,46,49,52-53,63-64,67-68,70-71,75,79-85,88-89, 93-94,103]
Na	5	4600-9800	7200.0±2318.4			[7]
Se	2	0.07-0.08	0.075±0.007			[14]
Mn	16	148-1547.8	571.2±406.7	300.9	1.90	[14,33,53,103]

Table 3

Table 3

Concentrations of elements in animal manures (AM) compared with those in animal feeds (AF)"

元素 Element in AM	样本数 Number of samples	范围 Range (mg·kg^-1)	均值±标准差 Ave.± SD. (mg·kg^-1)	饲料中均值 Ave. in AF (mg·kg^-1)	富集系数 Enrichment coeff.	数据来源 Data sources
猪粪Pig-AM
Hg	112	0-9.42	0.247±1.050	0.032	7.81	[7,10,14,34,38,42,45-46,52-53,67-71,76-77,79-80,81,83,88-89, 94,98]
Cd	323	0-203.4	4.84±18.06	3.54	1.37	[7,10,14,32-34,37-38,41-47,50-53,56,59-60,63-64,67-72,74-75, 77-81,83,85-94,98]
As	305	0-373.8	23.46±43.58	11.69	2.01	[7,9-10,14,32-34,37-38,42-46,52-53,57-58,60,65,67-72,74-76, 77-81,83,86,88-89,92,94-96,98]
Pb	320	0-421.2	11.76±35.34	5.21	2.26	[7,10,14,32-34,37-38,40-47,50-53,56,59-60,63,65,67-73,75, 77,79-81,83,85-89, 1-92,94-95,97-98]
Cr	279	0-1616.52	42.19±120.73	13.92	3.02	[7,9-10,14,32-34,37,42-47,52-53,56,59,60,63,67-72,75,77,79-81, 83,85,89-92,94-96,98]
Ni	161	0.66-286.4	15.40±24.81	5.30	2.89	[7,14,32,37,44-46,50,53,56,59,63,68,70-71,80-81,83,85,89, 91,98]
Cu	386	0.6-7327	639.2±647.5	210.7	3.07	[7,9-10,14,16,32-34,37-39,41-48,50-53,56-57,59-60,63-68,70-73, 75-90,92-95,97-98]
Zn	394	4.6-16928	1578.5±2447.7	577.2	2.73	[7,9-10,14,16,32-34,37-53,56-57,59-60,63-68,70-73,75-89,91-98]
Na	7	3100-7890	4427.1±1770.4			[7]
Se	4	0.01-1.34	0.343±0.665			[14,38]
Mn	80	105.2-1469	558.2±225.4	121.2	4.61	[7,14,32-33,37,40,42,51,53,59,98]
牛粪Cattle-AM
Hg	49	0-2.54	0.257±0.557	0.009	29.89	[10,14,46,52-53,67-70,79-81,83,88-89,99-101]
Cd	81	0-10.49	1.04±1.67	2.68	0.39	[10,14,33,46,50,52-53,63,67-70,75,79-81,83,85,88-90,93,99-102]
As	66	0-31.19	3.83±5.92	1.01	3.81	[9-10,14,33,46,52-53,67-70,75,79-81,83,88-89,99-101]
Pb	77	0.01-88.15	12.89±13.85	5.67	2.27	[10,14,33,35,46,50,52-53,63,67-70,75,79-81,83,85,88-89,100-102]
Cr	78	0-678.7	32.85±81.51	11.79	2.79	[9-10,14,33,35,46,52-53,63,67-70,75,79-81,83,85,88-90,100-102]
Ni	37	0.37-26.21	10.58±5.78	4.93	2.15	[14,46,50,53,63,68,70,80-81,83,85,89,100]
Cu	86	3.7-1257.1	96.2±193.7	45.4	2.12	[9-10,14,33,35,46,50,52-53,63,66-68,70,75,79-83,85,88-90,93,99-102]
Zn	83	7-2230	279.7±427.9	135.1	2.07	[9-10,14,33,35,46,49-50,52-53,63,66-68,70,75,79-83,85,88-89,93, 100-102]
Na
Se	2	0.05-0.44	0.245±0.276			[14]
Mn	9	85.5-1260.7	601.0±484.6	124.9	4.81	[14,33,53,101]
鸡粪Chicken-AM
Hg	60	0-4.6	0.330±0.857	0.016	20.22	[7,10,14,46,52-53,67-71,79,81,83,88-89,94,103]
Cd	90	0-65.6	3.67±9.96	1.24	2.94	[7,10,14,33,46,52-53,63-64,67-71,75,79,81,83,85,88-90, 93-94,103]
As	77	0-685.08	17.06±78.46	1.62	10.49	[7,9-10,14,33,46,52-53,67-71,75,79,81,83,88-89,94,103]
Pb	87	0-352.7	18.62±44.02	7.10	2.62	[7,10,14,33,35,46,52-53,63,67-71,75,79,81,83,85,88-89, 94,103]
Cr	89	0-4304.68	170.85±598.96	88.64	1.91	[7,9-10,14,33,35,46,52-53,63,67-71,75,79,81,83,85,88-90, 94,103]
Ni	46	2.15-42.43	14.99±10.90	14.87	1.00	[7,14,46,53,63,68,70-71,81,83,85,89,103]
Cu	93	1.5-1726.3	152.2±263.9	56.48	3.06	[7,9-10,14,33,35,46,52-53,63-64,67-68,70-71,75,79-85,88-90, 93-94,103]
Zn	93	0.2-4485	465.5±692.7	148.2	3.13	[7,9-10,14,33,35,46,49,52-53,63-64,67-68,70-71,75,79-85,88-89, 93-94,103]
Na	5	4600-9800	7200.0±2318.4			[7]
Se	2	0.07-0.08	0.075±0.007			[14]
Mn	16	148-1547.8	571.2±406.7	300.9	1.90	[14,33,53,103]

Table 3

Table 4

Concentrations of antibiotics in animal manures (AM) compared with those in animal feeds (AF)"

抗生素 Antibiotics in AM	样本数 Number of samples	范围 Range (mg·kg^-1)	均值±标准差 Ave. ± SD. (mg·kg^-1)	饲料中均值 Ave. in AF (mg·kg^-1)	富集系数 Enrichment coeff.	数据来源 Data sources
猪粪Pig-AM
土霉素OTC	100	0-229.16	27.14±50.74	8.0057	3.390	[7,9-10,14,65,71,91-92,105-119]
四环素TC	91	0-326.15	20.65±43.66	41.0941	0.502	[7,9-10,14,65,71,91-92,105,107-108,110-117,119]
金霉素CTC	95	0-346.85	35.83±66.40	72.9371	0.491	[7,9-10,14,57,65,71,91-92,105-106,109-116,118-119]
强力霉素DOC	16	0-30.72	4.18±8.46	6.5136	0.64	[9-10,105,109-110,114]
诺氟沙星NOR	47	0-5.5	0.44±0.89	0.6288	0.70	[9-10,14,71,105,108,109-111,114,117]
环丙沙星CIP	52	0-33.98	1.06±4.69	0.6521	1.62	[9-10,14,71,105,107-108,109-111,114,117]
恩诺沙星ENR	46	0-33.26	1.24±5.09	0.5977	2.07	[10,14,107-111,114,117]
牛粪Cattle-AM
土霉素OTC	33	0-59.59	3.34±10.56	8.0057	0.417	[9-10,14,105,107,109-110,114-115,118-119]
四环素TC	27	0-6.82	1.00±1.76	41.0941	0.024	[10,14,105,107,110,114-115,119]
金霉素CTC	32	0-105.75	4.96±19.05	72.9371	0.068	[10,14,105,109-110,113-115,118-119]
强力霉素DOC	13	0-2.5	0.62±0.81	6.5136	0.10	[10,105,109-110,114]
诺氟沙星NOR	17	0-2.76	0.37±0.80	0.6288	0.58	[14,105,109-110,114]
环丙沙星CIP	23	0-29.59	1.60±6.15	0.6521	2.46	[10,14,105,107,109-110,114]
恩诺沙星ENR	23	0-46.7	2.60±9.73	0.5977	4.36	[9-10,14,105,107,109-110,114]
鸡粪Chicken-AM
土霉素OTC	64	0-416.75	16.29±57.33	8.0057	2.04	[7,9-10,14,71,106-119]
四环素TC	56	0-102.68	7.21±19.75	41.0941	0.18	[7,9,14,71,107-108,110-117,119]
金霉素CTC	56	0-563.82	18.12±76.91	72.9371	0.25	[7,10,14,71,106,109-116,118-119]
强力霉素DOC	10	0-10.91	3.87±4.30	6.5136	0.59	[10,109-110,114]
诺氟沙星NOR	29	0-225.45	8.35±41.77	0.6288	13.28	[10,14,71,108-111,114,117]
环丙沙星CIP	31	0-45.59	2.28±8.33	0.6521	3.50	[10,14,71,107-111,114,117]
恩诺沙星ENR	27	0-1420.76	53.25±273.31	0.5977	89.10	[10,14,107-111,114,117]

Table 4

Table 4

Concentrations of antibiotics in animal manures (AM) compared with those in animal feeds (AF)"

抗生素 Antibiotics in AM	样本数 Number of samples	范围 Range (mg·kg^-1)	均值±标准差 Ave. ± SD. (mg·kg^-1)	饲料中均值 Ave. in AF (mg·kg^-1)	富集系数 Enrichment coeff.	数据来源 Data sources
猪粪Pig-AM
土霉素OTC	100	0-229.16	27.14±50.74	8.0057	3.390	[7,9-10,14,65,71,91-92,105-119]
四环素TC	91	0-326.15	20.65±43.66	41.0941	0.502	[7,9-10,14,65,71,91-92,105,107-108,110-117,119]
金霉素CTC	95	0-346.85	35.83±66.40	72.9371	0.491	[7,9-10,14,57,65,71,91-92,105-106,109-116,118-119]
强力霉素DOC	16	0-30.72	4.18±8.46	6.5136	0.64	[9-10,105,109-110,114]
诺氟沙星NOR	47	0-5.5	0.44±0.89	0.6288	0.70	[9-10,14,71,105,108,109-111,114,117]
环丙沙星CIP	52	0-33.98	1.06±4.69	0.6521	1.62	[9-10,14,71,105,107-108,109-111,114,117]
恩诺沙星ENR	46	0-33.26	1.24±5.09	0.5977	2.07	[10,14,107-111,114,117]
牛粪Cattle-AM
土霉素OTC	33	0-59.59	3.34±10.56	8.0057	0.417	[9-10,14,105,107,109-110,114-115,118-119]
四环素TC	27	0-6.82	1.00±1.76	41.0941	0.024	[10,14,105,107,110,114-115,119]
金霉素CTC	32	0-105.75	4.96±19.05	72.9371	0.068	[10,14,105,109-110,113-115,118-119]
强力霉素DOC	13	0-2.5	0.62±0.81	6.5136	0.10	[10,105,109-110,114]
诺氟沙星NOR	17	0-2.76	0.37±0.80	0.6288	0.58	[14,105,109-110,114]
环丙沙星CIP	23	0-29.59	1.60±6.15	0.6521	2.46	[10,14,105,107,109-110,114]
恩诺沙星ENR	23	0-46.7	2.60±9.73	0.5977	4.36	[9-10,14,105,107,109-110,114]
鸡粪Chicken-AM
土霉素OTC	64	0-416.75	16.29±57.33	8.0057	2.04	[7,9-10,14,71,106-119]
四环素TC	56	0-102.68	7.21±19.75	41.0941	0.18	[7,9,14,71,107-108,110-117,119]
金霉素CTC	56	0-563.82	18.12±76.91	72.9371	0.25	[7,10,14,71,106,109-116,118-119]
强力霉素DOC	10	0-10.91	3.87±4.30	6.5136	0.59	[10,109-110,114]
诺氟沙星NOR	29	0-225.45	8.35±41.77	0.6288	13.28	[10,14,71,108-111,114,117]
环丙沙星CIP	31	0-45.59	2.28±8.33	0.6521	3.50	[10,14,71,107-111,114,117]
恩诺沙星ENR	27	0-1420.76	53.25±273.31	0.5977	89.10	[10,14,107-111,114,117]

Table 4

Table 5

Comparison between concentrations of some elements in biogas slurry (BS) and national water quality standard limits for hazardous pollutants"

沼液中元素 Element in BS	样本数 Number of samples	数据来源 Data sources	范围 Range (mg·L^-1)	均值±标准差 Ave.± SD. (mg·L^-1)	GB 5084- 2005^[13] Limits (mg·L^-1)	超标率 Over- limits (%)	GB/T 14848-2017^[125] Limits (mg·L^-1)			超标率(IV-V) Over- limits (%)
沼液中元素 Element in BS	样本数 Number of samples	数据来源 Data sources	范围 Range (mg·L^-1)	均值±标准差 Ave.± SD. (mg·L^-1)	GB 5084- 2005^[13] Limits (mg·L^-1)	超标率 Over- limits (%)	III	IV	V	超标率(IV-V) Over- limits (%)
猪粪沼液Pig-BS
pH	145	[18,46,65,74,76,97,129,131,133-134, 138-140,144,148-151,153-154,157- 159,168,175,179,184,186-187,189- 190,192-194,196-197]	6.42-8.9	7.57±0.52	5.5-8.5		6.5-8.5	5.5-6.5, 8.5-9.0	<5.5, >9.0
Hg	125	[14,76-77,98,128,131-132,135-144, 147-150,154,157-160,163,165,167, 170,174-178,182,184-185,192,196]	0-0.167	0.028±0.039	≤0.001	70.4	≤0.001	≤0.002	>0.002	61.6
Cd	251	[12,14,17-18,37,46,56,72,74,76-78, 98,126-128,130,132-153,157-160, 163-165,167-172,174-178,182,184- 186, 190-193,195-197]	0-7.51	0.126±0.636	≤0.01	46.4	≤0.005	≤0.01	>0.01	46.4
As	260	[9,14,17-18,37,55,65,72,74,76-78,96, 98,126-128,131-144,147-149,150-159, 162-163,165-167,169-171,174-179, 181- 182,184-185,190,192-193,195-197]	0-13	0.868±2.167	≤0.05-0.1	66.9	≤0.01	≤0.05	>0.05	66.9
Pb	266	[12,14,17-18,37,46,56,65,72,74,76-77, 97-98,126-128,130-131,132-144,146- 149,150-152,154,157-161,163,165-178, 181-183, 185,189-193,195-197]	0-36.07	0.710±3.248	≤0.2	31.3	≤0.01	≤0.1	>0.1	45.7
Cr	228	[12,14,17-18,37,46,55-56,72,74,76-77, 98,126-128,132-150,153-154,156-161, 163-165,167-171,173-178,181-182, 184-186, 189-193,195-196]	0-24.18	0.657±2.493	≤0.1(VI)	54.4	≤0.05	≤0.1	>0.1	54.4
Ni	96	[12,14,17-18,37,56,98,126,129,152, 154,158-159,164,167,170-171,175, 186,191,195]	0-5.85	0.317±0.817			≤0.02	≤0.1	>0.1	38.5
Cu	298	[9,12,14-18,37,46,55-56,65,72,76-78, 97-98,126-131,133-134,136-138,140, 143-146,148-150,151-162,164-165, 167-176,180-186,188-193,195-197]	0-99	4.50±12.51	≤0.5-1.0	55.9	≤1.0	≤1.5	>1.5	37.4
Zn	277	[9,12,14-18,28,37,46,55-56,65,72,76- 78,97-98,126-131,126-131,133-134, 136-138,143-146,150,151-159,161- 162,164-165,167-171,173-176,180- 186,188, 190-191,193,195]	0-205.43	9.11±22.58	≤2.0	53.8	≤1.0	≤5.0	>5.0	35.7
Cl	17	[127,144,155,182,193]	150-3647.5	917.1±797.1	≤350	88.2	≤250	≤350	>350	88.2
Na	18	[28,157,175,180]	88.5-559	287.1±124.4			≤200	≤400	>400	11.1
Se	7	[14,126,129,136,174]	0- 0.232	0.049±0.086	≤0.02	42.9	≤0.01	≤0.1	>0.1	14.3
Mn	74	[14,17,18,37,98,126-127,129,136-137, 152,155,157-159,169-171,175,179- 180,182-184,186]	0-50.8	6.815±11.160			≤0.1	≤1.5	>1.5	47.3
CN-	9	140	4.015-14.19	6.734±3.185	≤0.5	100.0	≤0.05	≤0.1	>0.1	100.0
EC	37	[1,65,131,168,184,186-187,194]	1560-13930	8055±3336
牛粪沼液Cattle-BS
pH	23	[26,102,129,131,138,144,150,184, 196-199]	6.47-8.93	7.77±0.58	5.5-8.5		6.5-8.5	5.5-6.5, 8.5-9.0	<5.5, >9.0
续表5 Continued table 5
沼液中元素 Element in BS	样本数 Number of samples	数据来源 Data sources	范围 Range (mg·L^-1)	均值±标准差 Ave.± SD. (mg·L^-1)	GB 5084- 2005^[13] Limits (mg·L^-1)	超标率 Over- limits (%)	GB/T 14848-2017^[125] Limits (mg·L^-1)			超标率(IV-V) Over- limits (%)
沼液中元素 Element in BS	样本数 Number of samples	数据来源 Data sources	范围 Range (mg·L^-1)	均值±标准差 Ave.± SD. (mg·L^-1)	GB 5084- 2005^[13] Limits (mg·L^-1)	超标率 Over- limits (%)	III	IV	V	超标率(IV-V) Over- limits (%)
Hg	21	[99,128,131-132,136,138,141,143,147, 184,196]	0-0.119	0.024±0.036	≤0.001	76.2	≤0.001	≤0.002	>0.002	76.2
Cd	35	[13,26,99,102,128,132,136,138,141, 143-144,147,184,196-200]	0-0.190	0.039±0.047	≤0.01	60.0	≤0.005	≤0.01	>0.01	60.0
As	35	[9,13,26,99,102,128,131-132,136,138, 141,143-144,147,162,184, 196-198]	0.001-4.576	0.235±0.780	≤0.05-0.1	45.7	≤0.01	≤0.05	>0.05	45.7
Pb	31	[13,26,102,128,131-132,136,138,141, 143-144,147, 196-200]	0.008-1.056	0.199±0.234	≤0.2	35.5	≤0.01	≤0.1	>0.1	51.6
Cr	22	[13,102,128,132,136,138,141,143- 144,147,184,196	0-3.146	0.301±0.668	≤0.1(VI)	50.0	≤0.05	≤0.1	>0.1	50.0
Ni	3	[13,129]	0.027-0.063	0.045±0.018			≤0.02	≤0.1	>0.1	0.0
Cu	38	[9,13,26,99,128-129,131,136,138, 143-144,150,162, 184,196-200]	0.02-30.03	2.63±5.62	≤0.5-1.0	47.4	≤1.0	≤1.5	>1.5	26.3
Zn	32	[9,13,26,128-129,131,136,138,143- 144,150,162,184, 197-200]	0.1-68.15	8.31±18.44	≤2.0	34.4	≤1.0	≤5.0	>5.0	18.8
Cl	2	[144]	850.5-963	906.8±79.5	≤350	100.0	≤250	≤350	>350	100.0
Na							≤200	≤400	>400
Se	2	[129,136]	0.002-0.022	0.012±0.014	≤0.02	0.0	≤0.01	≤0.1	>0.1	0.0
Mn	4	[129,136,184]	0.231-124.6	61.092±70.306			≤0.1	≤1.5	>1.5	50.0
CN-					≤0.5		≤0.05	≤0.1	>0.1
EC	4	[102,131,184]	2830-8490	6345±2452
鸡粪沼液Chicken-BS
pH	5	[127,129,144,179,203]	6.77-8.38	7.59±0.70	5.5-8.5		6.5-8.5	5.5-6.5, 8.5-9.0	<5.5, >9.0
Hg	7	[14,132,143,204-205]	0-0.054	0.014±0.020	≤0.001	42.9	≤0.001	≤0.002	>0.002	42.9
Cd	13	[14,127,130,132,143-144,202-205]	0-4.3	0.367±1.184	≤0.01	38.5	≤0.005	≤0.01	>0.01	38.5
As	11	[9,14,127,132,143-144,179,204-205]	0.01-5.21	0.548±1.555	≤0.05-0.1	18.2	≤0.01	≤0.05	>0.05	18.2
Pb	14	[14,130,132,143-144,161,201-205]	0-2.430	0.345±0.684	≤0.2	28.6	≤0.01	≤0.1	>0.1	35.7
Cr	14	[9,14,127,132,143-144,161,201-205]	0.001-10.18	1.085±2.840	≤0.1(VI)	35.7	≤0.05	≤0.1	>0.1	35.7
Ni	4	[14,129,201-202]	0.088-0.55	0.281±0.207			≤0.02	≤0.1	>0.1	75.0
Cu	15	[9,14,127,129-130,143-144,161,201- 203,205]	0-2.12	0.78±0.71	≤0.5-1.0	46.7	≤1.0	≤1.5	>1.5	20.0
Zn	13	[9,14,127,129-130,143-144,161,201-203]	0-13.94	4.06±4.42	≤2.0	46.2	≤1.0	≤5.0	>5.0	30.8
Cl	2	[127,144]	540-1087	813.5±386.8	≤350	100.0	≤250	≤350	>350	100.0
Na							≤200	≤400	>400
Se	2	[14,129]	0.011-0.011	0.011	≤0.02	0.0	≤0.01	≤0.1	>0.1	0.0
Mn	7	[14,127,129,179,201,205]	0-50.8	7.534±19.085			≤0.1	≤1.5	>1.5	14.3
CN-					≤0.5		≤0.05	≤0.1	>0.1
EC	1	[203]	2630	2630

Table 5

Table 5

Comparison between concentrations of some elements in biogas slurry (BS) and national water quality standard limits for hazardous pollutants"

沼液中元素 Element in BS	样本数 Number of samples	数据来源 Data sources	范围 Range (mg·L^-1)	均值±标准差 Ave.± SD. (mg·L^-1)	GB 5084- 2005^[13] Limits (mg·L^-1)	超标率 Over- limits (%)	GB/T 14848-2017^[125] Limits (mg·L^-1)			超标率(IV-V) Over- limits (%)
沼液中元素 Element in BS	样本数 Number of samples	数据来源 Data sources	范围 Range (mg·L^-1)	均值±标准差 Ave.± SD. (mg·L^-1)	GB 5084- 2005^[13] Limits (mg·L^-1)	超标率 Over- limits (%)	III	IV	V	超标率(IV-V) Over- limits (%)
猪粪沼液Pig-BS
pH	145	[18,46,65,74,76,97,129,131,133-134, 138-140,144,148-151,153-154,157- 159,168,175,179,184,186-187,189- 190,192-194,196-197]	6.42-8.9	7.57±0.52	5.5-8.5		6.5-8.5	5.5-6.5, 8.5-9.0	<5.5, >9.0
Hg	125	[14,76-77,98,128,131-132,135-144, 147-150,154,157-160,163,165,167, 170,174-178,182,184-185,192,196]	0-0.167	0.028±0.039	≤0.001	70.4	≤0.001	≤0.002	>0.002	61.6
Cd	251	[12,14,17-18,37,46,56,72,74,76-78, 98,126-128,130,132-153,157-160, 163-165,167-172,174-178,182,184- 186, 190-193,195-197]	0-7.51	0.126±0.636	≤0.01	46.4	≤0.005	≤0.01	>0.01	46.4
As	260	[9,14,17-18,37,55,65,72,74,76-78,96, 98,126-128,131-144,147-149,150-159, 162-163,165-167,169-171,174-179, 181- 182,184-185,190,192-193,195-197]	0-13	0.868±2.167	≤0.05-0.1	66.9	≤0.01	≤0.05	>0.05	66.9
Pb	266	[12,14,17-18,37,46,56,65,72,74,76-77, 97-98,126-128,130-131,132-144,146- 149,150-152,154,157-161,163,165-178, 181-183, 185,189-193,195-197]	0-36.07	0.710±3.248	≤0.2	31.3	≤0.01	≤0.1	>0.1	45.7
Cr	228	[12,14,17-18,37,46,55-56,72,74,76-77, 98,126-128,132-150,153-154,156-161, 163-165,167-171,173-178,181-182, 184-186, 189-193,195-196]	0-24.18	0.657±2.493	≤0.1(VI)	54.4	≤0.05	≤0.1	>0.1	54.4
Ni	96	[12,14,17-18,37,56,98,126,129,152, 154,158-159,164,167,170-171,175, 186,191,195]	0-5.85	0.317±0.817			≤0.02	≤0.1	>0.1	38.5
Cu	298	[9,12,14-18,37,46,55-56,65,72,76-78, 97-98,126-131,133-134,136-138,140, 143-146,148-150,151-162,164-165, 167-176,180-186,188-193,195-197]	0-99	4.50±12.51	≤0.5-1.0	55.9	≤1.0	≤1.5	>1.5	37.4
Zn	277	[9,12,14-18,28,37,46,55-56,65,72,76- 78,97-98,126-131,126-131,133-134, 136-138,143-146,150,151-159,161- 162,164-165,167-171,173-176,180- 186,188, 190-191,193,195]	0-205.43	9.11±22.58	≤2.0	53.8	≤1.0	≤5.0	>5.0	35.7
Cl	17	[127,144,155,182,193]	150-3647.5	917.1±797.1	≤350	88.2	≤250	≤350	>350	88.2
Na	18	[28,157,175,180]	88.5-559	287.1±124.4			≤200	≤400	>400	11.1
Se	7	[14,126,129,136,174]	0- 0.232	0.049±0.086	≤0.02	42.9	≤0.01	≤0.1	>0.1	14.3
Mn	74	[14,17,18,37,98,126-127,129,136-137, 152,155,157-159,169-171,175,179- 180,182-184,186]	0-50.8	6.815±11.160			≤0.1	≤1.5	>1.5	47.3
CN-	9	140	4.015-14.19	6.734±3.185	≤0.5	100.0	≤0.05	≤0.1	>0.1	100.0
EC	37	[1,65,131,168,184,186-187,194]	1560-13930	8055±3336
牛粪沼液Cattle-BS
pH	23	[26,102,129,131,138,144,150,184, 196-199]	6.47-8.93	7.77±0.58	5.5-8.5		6.5-8.5	5.5-6.5, 8.5-9.0	<5.5, >9.0
续表5 Continued table 5
沼液中元素 Element in BS	样本数 Number of samples	数据来源 Data sources	范围 Range (mg·L^-1)	均值±标准差 Ave.± SD. (mg·L^-1)	GB 5084- 2005^[13] Limits (mg·L^-1)	超标率 Over- limits (%)	GB/T 14848-2017^[125] Limits (mg·L^-1)			超标率(IV-V) Over- limits (%)
沼液中元素 Element in BS	样本数 Number of samples	数据来源 Data sources	范围 Range (mg·L^-1)	均值±标准差 Ave.± SD. (mg·L^-1)	GB 5084- 2005^[13] Limits (mg·L^-1)	超标率 Over- limits (%)	III	IV	V	超标率(IV-V) Over- limits (%)
Hg	21	[99,128,131-132,136,138,141,143,147, 184,196]	0-0.119	0.024±0.036	≤0.001	76.2	≤0.001	≤0.002	>0.002	76.2
Cd	35	[13,26,99,102,128,132,136,138,141, 143-144,147,184,196-200]	0-0.190	0.039±0.047	≤0.01	60.0	≤0.005	≤0.01	>0.01	60.0
As	35	[9,13,26,99,102,128,131-132,136,138, 141,143-144,147,162,184, 196-198]	0.001-4.576	0.235±0.780	≤0.05-0.1	45.7	≤0.01	≤0.05	>0.05	45.7
Pb	31	[13,26,102,128,131-132,136,138,141, 143-144,147, 196-200]	0.008-1.056	0.199±0.234	≤0.2	35.5	≤0.01	≤0.1	>0.1	51.6
Cr	22	[13,102,128,132,136,138,141,143- 144,147,184,196	0-3.146	0.301±0.668	≤0.1(VI)	50.0	≤0.05	≤0.1	>0.1	50.0
Ni	3	[13,129]	0.027-0.063	0.045±0.018			≤0.02	≤0.1	>0.1	0.0
Cu	38	[9,13,26,99,128-129,131,136,138, 143-144,150,162, 184,196-200]	0.02-30.03	2.63±5.62	≤0.5-1.0	47.4	≤1.0	≤1.5	>1.5	26.3
Zn	32	[9,13,26,128-129,131,136,138,143- 144,150,162,184, 197-200]	0.1-68.15	8.31±18.44	≤2.0	34.4	≤1.0	≤5.0	>5.0	18.8
Cl	2	[144]	850.5-963	906.8±79.5	≤350	100.0	≤250	≤350	>350	100.0
Na							≤200	≤400	>400
Se	2	[129,136]	0.002-0.022	0.012±0.014	≤0.02	0.0	≤0.01	≤0.1	>0.1	0.0
Mn	4	[129,136,184]	0.231-124.6	61.092±70.306			≤0.1	≤1.5	>1.5	50.0
CN-					≤0.5		≤0.05	≤0.1	>0.1
EC	4	[102,131,184]	2830-8490	6345±2452
鸡粪沼液Chicken-BS
pH	5	[127,129,144,179,203]	6.77-8.38	7.59±0.70	5.5-8.5		6.5-8.5	5.5-6.5, 8.5-9.0	<5.5, >9.0
Hg	7	[14,132,143,204-205]	0-0.054	0.014±0.020	≤0.001	42.9	≤0.001	≤0.002	>0.002	42.9
Cd	13	[14,127,130,132,143-144,202-205]	0-4.3	0.367±1.184	≤0.01	38.5	≤0.005	≤0.01	>0.01	38.5
As	11	[9,14,127,132,143-144,179,204-205]	0.01-5.21	0.548±1.555	≤0.05-0.1	18.2	≤0.01	≤0.05	>0.05	18.2
Pb	14	[14,130,132,143-144,161,201-205]	0-2.430	0.345±0.684	≤0.2	28.6	≤0.01	≤0.1	>0.1	35.7
Cr	14	[9,14,127,132,143-144,161,201-205]	0.001-10.18	1.085±2.840	≤0.1(VI)	35.7	≤0.05	≤0.1	>0.1	35.7
Ni	4	[14,129,201-202]	0.088-0.55	0.281±0.207			≤0.02	≤0.1	>0.1	75.0
Cu	15	[9,14,127,129-130,143-144,161,201- 203,205]	0-2.12	0.78±0.71	≤0.5-1.0	46.7	≤1.0	≤1.5	>1.5	20.0
Zn	13	[9,14,127,129-130,143-144,161,201-203]	0-13.94	4.06±4.42	≤2.0	46.2	≤1.0	≤5.0	>5.0	30.8
Cl	2	[127,144]	540-1087	813.5±386.8	≤350	100.0	≤250	≤350	>350	100.0
Na							≤200	≤400	>400
Se	2	[14,129]	0.011-0.011	0.011	≤0.02	0.0	≤0.01	≤0.1	>0.1	0.0
Mn	7	[14,127,129,179,201,205]	0-50.8	7.534±19.085			≤0.1	≤1.5	>1.5	14.3
CN-					≤0.5		≤0.05	≤0.1	>0.1
EC	1	[203]	2630	2630

Table 5

Table 6

Table 7

The effect of biogas slurry (BS) on heavy metals in soils and crops"

试验地点 BS-type /Site	供试作物(年限) Crop (years)		沼液用量 BS rate (t·hm^-2)	土壤中In soils (mg·kg^-1)								作物中In plants (mg·kg^-1)
试验地点 BS-type /Site	供试作物(年限) Crop (years)		沼液用量 BS rate (t·hm^-2)	Cd	As	Pb	Cr	Ni	Cu	Zn	Se	Hg	Cd	As	Pb	Cr	Ni	Cu	Zn
河南郑州沼液试验^[213] BS /Henan	青菜 Brassica chinensis L.		363.4												0.21
新疆伊宁猪粪沼液^[214] Pig-BS /Xinjiang	蔬菜Vegetables (5)		126	0.4					51.6		8.78
浙江桐庐猪粪沼液^[16] Pig-BS /Zhejiang		萝卜Radish							69.5-86.3	207-307									65.2-78.8
江苏猪粪沼液试验^[17] Pig-BS /in Jiangsu	蔬菜Vegetables			2.88-5.52	20.8-37.3	86.7-277		138-386	58.7-157	696-1811			0.09-0.52	0.56	2.4-16.0	3.59-8.24	3.06-6.62		40.4-93.5
四川绵阳猪粪沼液^[18] Pig-BS /Sichuan	叶菜类Leaf veget. /根茎菜类Root veget.		134-191	0.33-0.54 /0.32-0.8	22.9-88.0 /22.9-135								0.06 /0.057-0.092	1.22-2.03 /0.59-2.38	0.23-0.42 /0.21-0.76	1.11-1.20 /0.93-1.16
广州惠州猪粪沼液^[151] Pig-BS /Guangzhou	生菜Lettuce		416-2498										0.122- 0.185
广西猪粪沼液试验^[215] Pig-BS /Guangxi	蔬菜Vegetables (10) /芒果Mango (2) /芭蕉Musa basjoo (10) /柑橘Citras (4)		375-2400	/2.58 /0.58		/73.1	/209 /487		65.1 /93.4 /447 /83-146	297 /998 /231-267
江苏太湖流域猪粪沼液^[216] Pig-BS /Jiangsu	蔬菜Vegetables /水稻Rice /小麦Wheat												0.52 (water spinach) /0.11-0.25 /0.13-0.39	0.56 (amaranth) / /0.19-1.78	1.28 (water spinach) / /2.43-5.42	0.78 (garlic) / /0.43-0.65			/ /34.0-43.8
重庆牛粪沼液试验^[26] Cattle-BS /Chongqing	水稻Rice /黑麦草Ryegrass		1980-3960 /1056-2112										/0.083-0.093	0.064-0.94 /0.75	/0.66-0.78			/12.8-15.0	29.6-41.7 /53.4-60
江苏东台猪粪沼液^[133] Pig-BS /in Jiangsu	水稻Rice (5) /小麦Wheat (5)		450 /45																31.0 /25.1,
江苏淮安猪粪沼液^[192] Pig-BS /Jiangsu	水稻秸秆Rice straw		450-900									0.082- 0.104		0.89-1.36	0.53	16.3-19.6
山东烟台鸡粪沼液^[217] Chicken-BS /Guangxi	玉米Maize (8)		750	0.39	20.1	89.2
GB 15618—2018^[19] (mg·kg^-1)				≤0.3	≤20	≤70	≤150	≤60	≤50	≤200
参考限量Referred limit^[209] (mg·kg^-1)											≤3
GB 18406.1—2001^[20] (mg·kg^-1)												≤0.01	≤0.05	≤0.5	≤0.2	≤0.5
GB 2762—2017 ^[210] (mg·kg^-1) Fresh-vegetable /Cereal-grain												≤0.01/ ≤0.02	≤0.05/ ≤0.2	≤0.5/ ≤0.2	≤0.2/ ≤0.2	≤0.5/ ≤1.0
GB 15199—94^[211] (mg·kg^-1)																		≤10
GB 13106—91^[212] (mg·kg^-1)																			≤20

Table 7

Table 7

The effect of biogas slurry (BS) on heavy metals in soils and crops"

试验地点 BS-type /Site	供试作物(年限) Crop (years)		沼液用量 BS rate (t·hm^-2)	土壤中In soils (mg·kg^-1)								作物中In plants (mg·kg^-1)
试验地点 BS-type /Site	供试作物(年限) Crop (years)		沼液用量 BS rate (t·hm^-2)	Cd	As	Pb	Cr	Ni	Cu	Zn	Se	Hg	Cd	As	Pb	Cr	Ni	Cu	Zn
河南郑州沼液试验^[213] BS /Henan	青菜 Brassica chinensis L.		363.4												0.21
新疆伊宁猪粪沼液^[214] Pig-BS /Xinjiang	蔬菜Vegetables (5)		126	0.4					51.6		8.78
浙江桐庐猪粪沼液^[16] Pig-BS /Zhejiang		萝卜Radish							69.5-86.3	207-307									65.2-78.8
江苏猪粪沼液试验^[17] Pig-BS /in Jiangsu	蔬菜Vegetables			2.88-5.52	20.8-37.3	86.7-277		138-386	58.7-157	696-1811			0.09-0.52	0.56	2.4-16.0	3.59-8.24	3.06-6.62		40.4-93.5
四川绵阳猪粪沼液^[18] Pig-BS /Sichuan	叶菜类Leaf veget. /根茎菜类Root veget.		134-191	0.33-0.54 /0.32-0.8	22.9-88.0 /22.9-135								0.06 /0.057-0.092	1.22-2.03 /0.59-2.38	0.23-0.42 /0.21-0.76	1.11-1.20 /0.93-1.16
广州惠州猪粪沼液^[151] Pig-BS /Guangzhou	生菜Lettuce		416-2498										0.122- 0.185
广西猪粪沼液试验^[215] Pig-BS /Guangxi	蔬菜Vegetables (10) /芒果Mango (2) /芭蕉Musa basjoo (10) /柑橘Citras (4)		375-2400	/2.58 /0.58		/73.1	/209 /487		65.1 /93.4 /447 /83-146	297 /998 /231-267
江苏太湖流域猪粪沼液^[216] Pig-BS /Jiangsu	蔬菜Vegetables /水稻Rice /小麦Wheat												0.52 (water spinach) /0.11-0.25 /0.13-0.39	0.56 (amaranth) / /0.19-1.78	1.28 (water spinach) / /2.43-5.42	0.78 (garlic) / /0.43-0.65			/ /34.0-43.8
重庆牛粪沼液试验^[26] Cattle-BS /Chongqing	水稻Rice /黑麦草Ryegrass		1980-3960 /1056-2112										/0.083-0.093	0.064-0.94 /0.75	/0.66-0.78			/12.8-15.0	29.6-41.7 /53.4-60
江苏东台猪粪沼液^[133] Pig-BS /in Jiangsu	水稻Rice (5) /小麦Wheat (5)		450 /45																31.0 /25.1,
江苏淮安猪粪沼液^[192] Pig-BS /Jiangsu	水稻秸秆Rice straw		450-900									0.082- 0.104		0.89-1.36	0.53	16.3-19.6
山东烟台鸡粪沼液^[217] Chicken-BS /Guangxi	玉米Maize (8)		750	0.39	20.1	89.2
GB 15618—2018^[19] (mg·kg^-1)				≤0.3	≤20	≤70	≤150	≤60	≤50	≤200
参考限量Referred limit^[209] (mg·kg^-1)											≤3
GB 18406.1—2001^[20] (mg·kg^-1)												≤0.01	≤0.05	≤0.5	≤0.2	≤0.5
GB 2762—2017 ^[210] (mg·kg^-1) Fresh-vegetable /Cereal-grain												≤0.01/ ≤0.02	≤0.05/ ≤0.2	≤0.5/ ≤0.2	≤0.2/ ≤0.2	≤0.5/ ≤1.0
GB 15199—94^[211] (mg·kg^-1)																		≤10
GB 13106—91^[212] (mg·kg^-1)																			≤20

Table 7

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沼液中抗生素 Element in BS	样本数 Number of samples	范围 Range (mg·L^-1)	均值±标准差 Ave. ± SD. (mg·L^-1)	数据来源 Data sources
猪粪沼液Pig-BS
土霉素OTC	51	0.0001-0.994	0.1456±0.2326	[9,12,15,65,206]
四环素TC	40	0-0.9821	0.0296±0.1547	[9,12,65,206]
金霉素CTC	37	0.0002-0.642	0.0415±0.1100	[12,65]
诺氟沙星NOR	34	0-0.204	0.0191±0.0553	[9,12,206-207]
环丙沙星CIP	35	0.0002-0.0513	0.0052±0.0103	[9,12,206-207]
恩诺沙星ENR	32	0-0.1513	0.0108±0.0369	[12,206-207]
牛粪沼液Cattle-BS
土霉素OTC	1	0.5748	0.5748	[9]
四环素TC	2	0.0208-0.5608	0.2908±0.3818	[9,206]
金霉素CTC
诺氟沙星NOR	4	0.0054-0.1189	0.0641±0.0464	[9,206-207]
环丙沙星CIP	3	0.016-0.0227	0.0183±0.0038	[206-207]
恩诺沙星ENR	4	0.0058-0.089	0.0520±0.0422	[206-207]
鸡粪沼液Chicken-BS
土霉素OTC	2	0.0759-0.4007	0.2383±0.2296	[9,206]
四环素TC	3	0.0289-12.862	4.3106±7.4057	[9,206]
金霉素CTC
诺氟沙星NOR	3	0.056-0.2048	0.1065±0.0852	[206-207]
环丙沙星CIP	3	0.005-0.0071	0.0058±0.0012	[206-207]
恩诺沙星ENR	4	0.0073-0.0676	0.0519±0.0298	[206-207]

沼液中抗生素 Element in BS	样本数 Number of samples	范围 Range (mg·L^-1)	均值±标准差 Ave. ± SD. (mg·L^-1)	数据来源 Data sources
猪粪沼液Pig-BS
土霉素OTC	51	0.0001-0.994	0.1456±0.2326	[9,12,15,65,206]
四环素TC	40	0-0.9821	0.0296±0.1547	[9,12,65,206]
金霉素CTC	37	0.0002-0.642	0.0415±0.1100	[12,65]
诺氟沙星NOR	34	0-0.204	0.0191±0.0553	[9,12,206-207]
环丙沙星CIP	35	0.0002-0.0513	0.0052±0.0103	[9,12,206-207]
恩诺沙星ENR	32	0-0.1513	0.0108±0.0369	[12,206-207]
牛粪沼液Cattle-BS
土霉素OTC	1	0.5748	0.5748	[9]
四环素TC	2	0.0208-0.5608	0.2908±0.3818	[9,206]
金霉素CTC
诺氟沙星NOR	4	0.0054-0.1189	0.0641±0.0464	[9,206-207]
环丙沙星CIP	3	0.016-0.0227	0.0183±0.0038	[206-207]
恩诺沙星ENR	4	0.0058-0.089	0.0520±0.0422	[206-207]
鸡粪沼液Chicken-BS
土霉素OTC	2	0.0759-0.4007	0.2383±0.2296	[9,206]
四环素TC	3	0.0289-12.862	4.3106±7.4057	[9,206]
金霉素CTC
诺氟沙星NOR	3	0.056-0.2048	0.1065±0.0852	[206-207]
环丙沙星CIP	3	0.005-0.0071	0.0058±0.0012	[206-207]
恩诺沙星ENR	4	0.0073-0.0676	0.0519±0.0298	[206-207]

Environmental Safety Risk for Application of Anaerobic Fermentation Biogas Slurry from Livestock Manure in Agricultural Land in China

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抗生素 Antibiotic	样本数 Number of samples	最小值 Min. (mg·kg^-1)	最大值 Max. (mg·kg^-1)	平均值 Ave. (mg·kg^-1)	标准差 SD.	变异系数 CV%	数据来源 Data sources
土霉素OTC	2	1.60	14.41	8.01	9.06	62.85	[9]
四环素TC	3	0.75	113.19	41.09	62.58	55.29	[9]
金霉素CTC	5	0.46	201.82	72.94	89.54	44.37	[9]
强力霉素DOC	2	0.87	12.16	6.51	7.98	65.65	[9]
诺氟沙星NOR	3	0.06	1.49	0.63	0.76	50.91	[9]
环丙沙星CIP	2	0.39	0.91	0.65	0.36	40.08	[9]
恩诺沙星ENR	2	0.48	0.72	0.60	0.17	23.87	[9]

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