安徽省主要作物秸秆养分资源量及还田利用潜力

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2021.01.008

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 Anhui is a national major grain production province. Clearance of the nutrient resource quantity of main crop straw and utilization potential under straw returning in Anhui province could provide reference data for reasonable utilization of straw nutrient resources and synthetic fertilizers reduction. 【Method】 Based on statistical data and literature review, the capacity of main crop straw, the nutrient resource quantity of straw and potential for straw incorporation to substitute nutrient inputs were estimated for different cities and regions of Anhui province in this research. 【Result】 The amounts of crop straw from rice, wheat, maize and rapeseed were 17.58, 22.51, 7.12 and 2.75 million tons per year in Anhui province during the period of 2016-2018, respectively. The crop straws were mainly produced in North area of Huai River, and Area between Yangtze River and Huai River, accounting for 47.0% and 33.6% of the total provincial crop straw yields, respectively. The main crop straws contained 0.40 million tons of N, 0.13 million tons of P₂O₅ and 0.85 million tons of K₂O, respectively. The straw nutrient resources from rice, wheat, maize and rapeseed accounted for 44.6%, 34.4%, 13.9% and 7.1% of the total provincial main crop straw nutrient resources, respectively. In the main crop-cultivating areas of Anhui province, the amounts of synthetic fertilizers substituted by rice straw incorporation per unit area of arable land were N 29.5-35.0 kg·hm^-2, P₂O₅ 13.6-16.2 kg·hm^-2 and K₂O 132.9-157.5 kg·hm^-2. The amounts of synthetic fertilizers substituted by wheat straw incorporation were N 24.1-33.5 kg·hm^-2, P₂O₅ 8.4-11.7 kg·hm^-2 and K₂O 83.5-115.8 kg·hm^-2. For maize, straw incorporation could substitute N 24.7-32.7 kg·hm^-2, P₂O₅ 12.5-16.5 kg·hm^-2 and K₂O 59.7-79.0 kg·hm^-2. In the main rapeseed-planting areas, rapeseed straw incorporation could substitute N 24.1-34.0 kg·hm^-2, P₂O₅ 11.2-15.8 kg·hm^-2 and K₂O 101.3-142.7 kg·hm^-2. 【Conclusion】 Using crop straws properly could satisfy the basic potassium requirement for crop production and partly substitute the inputs of synthetic nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers. Making full use of nutrient resources from main crop straws may provide an effective solution for synthetic fertilizers reduction under straw returning in Anhui province.

Key words: Anhui province, crop straw, nutrient resource quantity, straw incorporation, synthetic fertilizers substitution

CHAI RuShan,XU Yue,CHENG QiPeng,WANG QingYun,MA Chao,YE XinXin,ZHANG LiGan,GAO HongJian. Nutrient Resource Quantity of Main Crop Straw and Utilization Potential Under Straw Returning in Anhui Province[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2021, 54(1): 95-109.

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作物 Crop	草谷比^[17] Straw/grain ratio	秸秆养分含量^[23] Nutrient content (g·kg^-1)			秸秆养分当季释放率^[17] In-season nutrient release rate (%)
作物 Crop	草谷比^[17] Straw/grain ratio	N	P	K	N	P	K
水稻Rice	1.08	9.1	1.3	18.9	47.19	66.69	84.91
小麦Wheat	1.39	6.5	0.8	10.5	50.11	62.01	89.05
玉米Maize	1.29	9.2	1.5	11.8	54.04	73.03	84.43
油菜Rapeseed	2.64	8.7	1.4	19.4	52.65	66.31	82.18

区域 Region	作物 Crop	秸秆养分量Straw nutrient quantity (×10³ t)
区域 Region	作物 Crop	N	P₂O₅	K₂O
淮北 North area of Huai River	水稻Rice	12.06±0.70	3.95±0.23	30.19±1.74
	小麦Wheat	102.47±2.72	28.88±0.77	199.48±5.30
	玉米Maize	57.67±5.83	21.54±2.18	89.15±9.01
	油菜Rapeseed	1.08±0.09	0.40±0.03	2.90±0.24
江淮 Area between Yangtze River and Huai River	水稻Rice	88.34±6.20	28.90±2.03	221.11±15.53
	小麦Wheat	36.41±0.66	10.26±0.18	70.88±1.28
	玉米Maize	4.84±1.06	1.81±0.39	7.48±1.63
	油菜Rapeseed	8.40±2.90	3.10±1.07	22.59±7.79
沿江 Edge area of Yangtze River	水稻Rice	41.54±0.79	13.59±0.26	103.98±1.97
	小麦Wheat	5.32±0.72	1.50±0.20	10.35±1.39
	玉米Maize	1.60±0.15	0.60±0.06	2.48±0.23
	油菜Rapeseed	10.31±0.59	3.80±0.22	27.72±1.57
江南 South area of Yangtze River	水稻Rice	18.04±0.26	5.90±0.09	45.16±0.66
	小麦Wheat	2.15±0.20	0.61±0.06	4.18±0.38
	玉米Maize	1.37±0.14	0.51±0.05	2.11±0.22
	油菜Rapeseed	4.09±0.42	1.51±0.15	11.00±1.13

区域 Region	市 City	水稻秸秆Rice straw			小麦秸秆Wheat straw			玉米秸秆Maize straw			油菜秸秆Rapeseed straw
区域 Region	市 City	N	P₂O₅	K₂O	N	P₂O₅	K₂O	N	P₂O₅	K₂O	N	P₂O₅	K₂O
淮北 North area of Huai River	阜阳市Fuyang	29.5	13.6	132.9	30.2	10.5	104.5	32.2	16.2	77.7	30.2	14.0	126.7
	亳州市Bozhou	28.3	13.1	127.6	33.5	11.7	115.8	32.7	16.5	79.0	34.7	16.1	145.5
	淮北市Huaibei	—	—	—	33.5	11.7	116.0	24.7	12.5	59.7	27.8	12.9	116.4
	宿州市Suzhou	33.7	15.6	151.9	28.5	9.9	98.6	27.5	13.9	66.3	24.7	11.4	103.5
	蚌埠市Bengbu	29.8	13.8	134.1	27.7	9.7	95.7	31.7	16.0	76.6	21.2	9.8	88.9
江淮 Area between Yangtze River and Huai River	六安市Luan	30.7	14.2	138.4	22.1	7.7	76.5	29.1	14.7	70.2	24.1	11.2	101.3
	淮南市Huainan	35.0	16.2	157.5	25.5	8.9	88.3	30.7	15.5	74.0	32.5	15.1	136.4
	合肥市Hefei	31.7	14.7	143.0	19.7	6.9	68.0	29.7	15.0	71.6	33.0	15.3	138.3
	滁州市Chuzhou	29.9	13.8	134.5	24.1	8.4	83.5	29.5	14.9	71.3	31.0	14.4	130.1
沿江 Edge area of Yangtze River	安庆市Anqing	30.0	13.9	135.0	14.3	5.0	49.6	28.6	14.4	69.1	26.7	12.4	112.2
	铜陵市Tongling	26.8	12.4	120.9	15.3	5.3	53.0	30.6	15.4	73.8	26.9	12.5	112.8
	芜湖市Wuhu	32.8	15.2	147.7	20.6	7.2	71.2	34.5	17.4	83.3	34.0	15.8	142.7
	马鞍山市Maanshan	34.1	15.8	153.4	22.2	7.8	76.9	36.2	18.3	87.5	32.1	14.9	134.5
江南 South area of Yangtze River	池州市Chizhou	28.3	13.1	127.3	14.3	5.0	49.5	31.7	16.0	76.5	28.2	13.1	118.3
	宣城市Xuancheng	29.5	13.6	132.9	20.7	7.2	71.6	38.9	19.6	93.9	28.3	13.2	118.9
	黄山市Huangshan	33.0	15.2	148.5	—	—	—	23.1	11.7	55.8	18.1	8.4	76.0

区域 Region	种植制度 Cropping system	作物季型 Crop season	上季作物秸秆还田化肥可替代量 Synthetic fertilizers substitute potential (kg·hm^-2)
区域 Region	种植制度 Cropping system	作物季型 Crop season	N	P₂O₅	K₂O
淮北North area of Huai River	小麦-玉米 Wheat-maize	小麦季Wheat	30.3±3.3	15.3±1.6	73.1±7.9
淮北North area of Huai River	小麦-玉米 Wheat-maize	玉米季Maize	30.5±2.3	10.6±0.8	105.5±8.0
江淮Area between Yangtze River and Huai River	水稻-小麦 Rice-wheat	水稻季Rice	23.4±1.7	8.2±0.6	81.1±5.9
	水稻-小麦 Rice-wheat	小麦季Wheat	31.5±0.7	14.6±0.3	141.7±3.2
	水稻-油菜 Rice-rapeseed	水稻季Rice	29.4±0.4	13.7±0.2	123.4±1.9
	水稻-油菜 Rice-rapeseed	油菜季Rapeseed	31.5±0.7	14.6±0.3	141.7±3.2
沿江Edge area of Yangtze River	水稻-油菜 Rice-rapeseed	水稻季Rice	28.8±0.4	13.4±0.2	120.9±1.7
	水稻-油菜 Rice-rapeseed	油菜季Rapeseed	32.5±0.9	15.0±0.4	146.3±4.2
	双季稻 Double cropping rice	早稻季Early rice	27.7±3.2	12.8±1.5	124.6±14.6
	双季稻 Double cropping rice	晚稻季Late rice	26.7±2.2	12.3±1.0	120.2±10.0
江南South area of Yangtze River	水稻-油菜 Rice-rapeseed	水稻季Rice	25.6±0.8	11.9±0.4	107.3±3.4
	水稻-油菜 Rice-rapeseed	油菜季Rapeseed	30.2±0.5	14.0±0.2	135.9±2.1
	双季稻 Double cropping rice	早稻季Early rice	27.2±1.4	12.6±0.6	122.3±6.2
	双季稻 Double cropping rice	晚稻季Late rice	27.1±1.9	12.5±0.9	122.2±8.4

Nutrient Resource Quantity of Main Crop Straw and Utilization Potential Under Straw Returning in Anhui Province

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