日粮能氮比对燕山绒山羊生长性能及 营养物质表观消化率的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2019.01.014

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】In this study, the growing male Yanshan cashmere goats were used as experimental animals, and the objective was to explore the proper energy level, protein level and energy-to-nitrogen ration according to effects of diets with different energy-to-nitrogen rations on growth performance and nutrients apparent digestibility in goat by feeding trial and digestion-metabolism trial.【Method】Eighty-one six-month-old growing male goats (24.96±2.95) kg were divided into 9 groups according to a 3×3 (energy × protein) completely random experiment design and offered 9 pellet total mixed ration (nine lambs per diet), in which metabolic energy (ME) were formulated at 9, 10 and 11 MJ/kg·DM, and digestible crude protein (DCP) were 8.5%, 9.5%, and 10.5%, respectively. There was a 10-day adaption period before the 50-day experimental period, and then 4 goats in each group were selected for digestion and metabolism test when the average body weight reached 30 kg. The total collection of feces and urine was conducted for 3 days after a 4-day adaptation, and residual feed, feces and urine were collected continuously.【Result】The results showed that: 1) The dry matter intake (DMI) and ratio of feed to gain (F/G) were decreased significantly (P<0.05) with the increase of dietary ME levels, while no extremely effect on ADG (P>0.05). ADG and DMI increased first and decreased afterwards with the increase of dietary DCP levels, and ADG and DMI in medium DCP groups were extremely higher than low and high DCP groups (P<0.05). The interactions of dietary ME×DCP had a remarkable effect on DMI (P<0.05). ADG of Group Ⅴ was highest (222 g·d ^-1), ADG of Group Ⅴ was significant higher than Group Ⅰ, Group Ⅳ and Group Ⅵ (P<0.05), and higher than the other 5 groups with no significant difference (P>0.05). 2) The fecal energy decreased significantly (P<0.05) with the increase of dietary ME levels, while digestible energy and gross energy (GE) apparent digestibility increased significantly (P<0.05). The dietary DCP levels and the interactions of dietary ME×DCP had no significant effect on energy digestion and metabolism. 3) The nitrogen (N) intake, fecal N decreased significantly (P<0.05) with the increase of dietary ME levels while digestible N had the trend to decrease, and N apparent digestibility in high ME groups were extremely higher than low and medium ME groups (P<0.05). N intake, urinary N, digestible N and N apparent digestibility increased significantly (P<0.05) with the increase of dietary DCP levels. The interactions of ME×DCP had a significant effect on N digestibility (P<0.05). 4) The apparent digestibility of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), ether extract (EE) and calcium (Ca) increased significantly (P<0.05) with the increase of dietary ME levels (P<0.05), while Ca digestibility in low DCP groups were extremely lower than medium and high DCP groups.【Conclusion】The trial results showed the most suitable diet (ME:10 MJ?kg ^-1, DCP:9.5%) with the highest ADG (222 g·d ^-1) and lower F/G.

Key words: Yanshan cashmere goat, energy, protein, growth performance, apparent digestibility, male goal

ZHANG JiWei,GAO Kun,ZHANG YingJie,LIU YueQin,DUAN ChunHui. Effects of Diets with Energy-to-Nitrogen Rations on Growth Performance and Nutrients Apparent Digestibility in Growing Yanshan Cashmere Goat[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2019, 52(1): 154-165.

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Figures/Tables 6

Table 1

Table 3

Table 4

Table 5

Effects of different energy-to-nitrogen rations on nitrogen metabolism of Yanshan cashmere goats from 25 kg to 35 kg BW"

项目 Items		摄入氮 NI (g?d^-1)	粪氮 FN (g?d^-1)	尿氮 UN (g?d^-1)	消化氮 DN (g?d^-1)	氮沉积 NR (g?d^-1)	氮消化率 DN/NI (%)	净蛋白利用率NPU (%)
组别 Groups	Ⅰ组	22.60±1.54bcd	8.05±0.74a	6.64±2.46ab	14.55±1.06cde	7.92±2.89	64.40±1.95e	35.05±12.22
	Ⅱ组	24.55±2.48abc	7.97±0.97a	6.92±1.48ab	16.58±1.78bcd	9.66±3.14	67.52±2.45cde	38.72±8.74
	Ⅲ组	26.81±1.94ab	7.46±0.52ab	8.75±1.58a	19.35±1.98a	10.61±2.61	72.08±2.69ab	39.31±8.00
	Ⅳ组	20.82±2.12d	7.06±0.98abc	6.77±1.77ab	13.77±1.41e	7.00±2.08	66.14±2.46de	33.66±9.36
	Ⅴ组	23.28±2.95bcd	6.93±1.01abc	7.62±1.61ab	16.36±2.13bcde	8.74±0.81	70.27±2.01abc	37.70±2.51
	Ⅵ组	24.93±1.22a	7.68±0.65a	8.85±0.74a	17.26±0.81ab	8.41±0.76	69.22±1.68bcd	33.77±2.51
	Ⅶ组	20.35±1.36d	6.15±0.86c	5.84±0.80b	14.20±0.58de	8.36±1.22	69.89±2.40abc	41.02±4.55
	Ⅷ组	21.13±2.71cd	6.33±0.51bc	6.91±0.56ab	14.80±2.24bcde	7.89±2.71	69.90±1.75abc	36.56±8.54
	Ⅸ组	23.34±2.30bcd	6.33±0.60bc	7.32±1.12ab	17.02±1.74abc	9.70±2.34	72.88±0.84a	41.15±6.64
P值 P value	能量Energy	0.007	<0.001	0.208	0.089	0.348	0.005	0.363
	蛋白Protein	0.001	0.964	0.013	<0.001	0.157	<0.001	0.886
	能量×蛋白 Energy×protein	0.941	0.493	0.909	0.563	0.772	0.034	0.714
主效应 Main effects
能量 Energy	低Low	24.66±2.56a	7.83±0.74a	7.43±1.96	16.83±2.54a	9.39±2.86	68.00±3.94b	37.70±9.11
	中Medium	23.01±2.67ab	7.22±0.88a	7.75±1.58	15.79±2.08ab	8.05±1.46	68.54±2.62b	35.04±5.69
	高High	21.61±2.39b	6.27±0.62b	6.69±1.01	15.34±1.97b	8.65±2.12	70.89±2.18a	39.58±6.52
蛋白 Protein	低Low	21.26±1.84b	7.09±1.13	6.41±1.69b	14.17±1.03c	7.76±2.05	66.81±3.16c	36.58±9.02
	中Medium	22.99±2.87b	7.08±1.05	7.15±1.23ab	15.91±2.04b	8.76±2.33	69.23±2.28b	37.66±6.58
	高High	25.03±2.25a	7.15±0.82	8.30±1.30a	17.87±1.81a	9.57±2.09	71.39±2.37a	38.08±6.57

Table 5

Table 6

Effects of different energy-to-nitrogen rations on other nutrient apparent digestibility from 25 kg to 35 kg BW of Yanshan cashmere goats (%)"

项目 Items		干物质 DM	有机物 OM	中性洗涤纤维 NDF	酸性洗涤纤维 ADF	粗脂肪 EE	钙 Ca	磷 P
组别 Groups	Ⅰ组	61.67±2.88c	63.61±2.70c	41.45±4.99	38.23±5.67	79.43±5.80bc	40.10±4.55f	28.90±4.53
	Ⅱ组	61.59±1.79c	63.08±1.71c	41.45±2.90	36.82±3.11	77.37±5.29c	48.35±6.08de	26.68±5.61
	Ⅲ组	63.12±3.05c	64.43±2.97c	43.57±4.18	37.71±3.65	81.06±7.29bc	46.13±1.71ef	37.17±2.67
	Ⅳ组	69.56±0.38b	71.01±0.19b	47.33±0.31	43.87±1.63	82.54±2.08abc	45.43±1.75ef	34.70±9.64
	Ⅴ组	68.13±1.57b	69.37±1.66b	43.13±2.37	38.23±2.99	85.84±4.07ab	53.19±4.18cde	30.74±13.11
	Ⅵ组	68.18±3.38b	69.54±3.26b	44.76±8.62	39.29±9.29	83.35±5.28abc	55.03±5.12bcd	29.18±9.46
	Ⅶ组	75.03±2.06a	76.49±2.31a	42.61±4.98	37.24±3.99	88.84±2.88a	58.63±7.39abc	33.14±3.69
	Ⅷ组	74.30±1.90a	75.57±1.89a	42.79±3.70	37.76±4.64	86.82±3.74ab	61.23±5.09ab	28.02±3.85
	Ⅸ组	75.08±2.35a	76.26±2.41a	45.33±7.24	38.16±7.46	85.81±2.42ab	63.57±5.97a	30.94±6.13
P值 P value	能量Energy	<0.001	<0.001	0.369	0.330	0.001	<0.001	0.958
	蛋白Protein	0.650	0.531	0.583	0.593	0.990	0.004	0.341
	能量×蛋白 Energy×protein	0.825	0.906	0.808	0.775	0.526	0.672	0.359
主效应 Main effects
能量 Energy	低Low	62.13±2.49c	63.70±2.35c	42.16±3.86	37.59±3.93	79.29±5.81b	44.86±5.46c	30.91±6.19
	中Medium	68.62±2.08b	69.97±2.06b	45.07±5.01	40.46±5.76	83.91±3.93a	51.21±5.62b	31.54±10.13
	高High	74.80±1.94a	76.11±2.04a	43.58±5.14	37.72±5.05	87.15±3.07a	61.14±6.01a	30.70±4.77
蛋白 Protein	低Low	68.75±6.02	70.37±5.82	43.80±4.54	39.78±4.81	83.60±5.41	48.05±9.36b	32.25±6.42
	中Medium	68.01±5.65	69.34±5.60	42.45±2.85	37.60±3.37	83.34±5.96	54.25±7.26a	28.48±7.91
	高High	68.79±5.78	70.08±5.70	44.55±6.32	38.39±6.54	83.41±5.27	54.91±8.54a	32.43±7.03

Table 6

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项目 Items		始重 IW (kg)	末重 FW (kg)	平均日增重 ADG (g)	干物质采食量 DMI (kg·d^-1)	料重比 F/G
组别 Groups	Ⅰ组	26.22±2.63	35.06±2.77	175.02±35.16b	1.02±0.17a	5.99±1.11ab
	Ⅱ组	24.49±3.26	33.94±3.44	189.11±32.36ab	1.05±0.16a	6.60±1.15a
	Ⅲ组	24.36±1.98	33.70±3.20	186.89±46.03ab	1.06±0.17a	6.02±1.63ab
	Ⅳ组	25.20±2.45	33.39±4.23	163.78±33.65b	0.93±0.12b	5.87±1.29ab
	Ⅴ组	24.61±3.63	35.71±4.58	222.00±38.39a	1.09±0.23a	5.08±1.02bc
	Ⅵ组	25.09±3.29	33.44±2.74	167.11±52.17b	0.87±0.14bc	5.73±2.04abc
	Ⅶ组	24.58±2.36	33.76±3.27	183.69±36.24ab	0.83±0.13c	4.67±0.99bc
	Ⅷ组	24.78±3.19	35.19±2.43	208.27±23.98a	0.93±0.19b	4.52±0.52c
	Ⅸ组	25.37±4.07	34.33±4.25	179.33±46.91ab	0.81±0.14c	4.80±1.16bc
P值 P value	能量Energy	0.990	0.963	0.783	<0.001	<0.001
	蛋白Protein	0.695	0.469	0.006	<0.001	0.866
	能量×蛋白 Energy × protein	0.757	0.637	0.293	<0.001	0.310
主效应 Main effect
能量 Energy	低Low	25.02±2.71	34.23±3.09	183.67±37.34	1.05±0.16a	6.20±1.30a
	中Medium	24.97±3.05	34.18±3.94	184.30±48.78	0.97±0.19b	5.68±1.72a
	高High	24.91±3.17	34.43±3.32	190.43±37.77	0.86±0.16c	4.66±0.90b
蛋白 Protein	低Low	25.33±2.48	34.07±3.42	174.16±34.67b	0.93±0.16b	5.62±1.52
	中Medium	24.63±3.23	34.95±3.54	206.46±33.79a	1.03±0.20a	5.40±1.27
	高High	24.94±3.13	33.83±3.34	177.78±47.28b	0.92±0.19b	5.52±1.67

项目 Items		摄入总能 GEI (MJ/d)	粪能 FE (MJ/d)	尿能 UE (MJ/d)	消化能 DE (MJ/d)	总能消化率 DE/GE (%)
组别 Groups	Ⅰ组	18.55±1.26	7.31±0.74a	0.47±0.23	11.24±1.04b	60.58±3.22c
	Ⅱ组	18.40±1.86	7.39±1.01a	0.49±0.05	11.01±0.96b	59.93±2.00c
	Ⅲ组	18.91±1.37	7.12±0.50ab	0.60±0.09	11.79±1.34ab	62.26±3.28c
	Ⅳ组	18.11±1.84	5.74±0.55cd	0.56±0.19	12.37±1.29ab	68.30±0.33b
	Ⅴ组	18.66±2.36	6.20±0.84bc	0.57±0.10	12.46±1.69ab	66.76±2.13b
	Ⅵ组	18.32±0.90	6.09±0.72bc	0.74±0.11	12.23±0.92ab	66.75±3.69b
	Ⅶ组	18.48±1.23	4.76±0.69de	0.72±0.24	13.72±0.65a	74.34±2.18a
	Ⅷ组	17.40±2.24	4.65±0.50e	0.57±0.20	12.76±1.82ab	73.22±1.76a
	Ⅸ组	17.26±1.70	4.49±0.73e	0.59±0.15	12.77±1.10ab	70.06±2.19a
P值 P value	能量Energy	0.417	<0.001	0.212	0.008	<0.001
	蛋白Protein	0.935	0.814	0.349	0.773	0.483
	能量×蛋白 Energy × protein	0.826	0.895	0.440	0.751	0.766
主效应 Main effect
能量 Energy	低Low	18.62±1.39	7.27±0.71a	0.52±0.14	11.35±1.07b	60.92±2.81c
	中Medium	18.36±1.65	6.01±0.68b	0.62±0.15	12.35±1.21ab	67.27±2.35b
	高High	17.71±1.70	4.63±0.60c	0.63±0.19	13.08±1.25a	73.87±1.92a
蛋白 Protein	低Low	18.38±1.35	5.93±1.25	0.58±0.23	12.44±1.41	67.74±6.23
	中Medium	18.15±2.04	6.08±1.38	0.54±0.13	12.08±1.60	66.64±5.94
	高High	18.16±1.42	5.90±1.28	0.64±0.13	12.27±1.11	67.69±5.81

Effects of Diets with Energy-to-Nitrogen Rations on Growth Performance and Nutrients Apparent Digestibility in Growing Yanshan Cashmere Goat

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项目Item	低蛋白水平 LP	中蛋白水平 MP	高蛋白水平 HP
低能量水平 LE	Ⅰ	Ⅱ	Ⅲ
中能量水平 ME	Ⅳ	Ⅴ	Ⅵ
高能量水平 HE	Ⅶ	Ⅷ	Ⅸ

项目Items	Ⅰ	Ⅱ	Ⅲ	Ⅳ	Ⅴ	Ⅵ	Ⅶ	Ⅷ	Ⅸ
原料Ingredients
玉米秸秆Corn straw	48.0	48.0	48.0	30.0	30.0	30.0	16.0	16.0	16.0
苜蓿Alfalfa hay	10.0	10.0	10.0	15.0	15.0	15.0	16.0	16.0	16.0
玉米Corn	24.0	21.0	18.0	40.0	37.0	34.0	55.0	52.0	49.0
豆粕Soybean meal	9.0	12.0	15.0	6.5	9.0	12.0	4.0	7.0	10.0
麸皮Wheat bran	7.0	7.0	7.0	7.0	7.0	7.0	7.0	7.0	7.0
石粉limestone	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1		0.1	0.2	0.2	0.2
磷酸氢钙CaHPO₄	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.2	0.1
预混料Premix²⁾	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0
食盐NaCl	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.8
合计Total	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100
营养水平Nutrient levels
代谢能ME (MJ ?kg^-1)	9.10	9.10	9.09	9.90	9.90	9.89	10.98	10.97	10.97
粗蛋白 CP(%)	12.64	13.74	14.86	11.91	12.94	14.18	11.38	12.53	13.78
可消化粗蛋白DCP(%)	8.53	9.55	10.57	8.48	9.50	10.52	8.48	9.50	10.48
可代谢蛋白 MP(%)	6.44	7.62	8.85	5.46	6.56	7.89	4.62	5.86	7.46
中性洗涤纤维NDF(%)	41.70	42.20	42.75	35.53	35.33	35.60	26.27	26.52	26.87
酸性洗涤纤维ADF(%)	21.95	21.41	21.62	18.37	18.29	18.29	13.23	13.50	13.10
钙Ca(%)	0.48	0.48	0.49	0.48	0.47	0.50	0.47	0.48	0.49
磷P(%)	0.26	0.28	0.29	0.27	0.30	0.29	0.25	0.27	0.28

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