冬小麦-夏玉米生产体系中播前耕作对夏玉米产量形成的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2015.06.04

Abstract

Abstract: 【Objective】A typical double cropping of winter wheat and summer maize is practiced in Huang-Huai-Hai Plain. This study is to explore the effects of tillage methods before sowing both winter wheat and summer maize on yield formation of summer maize, to find which is helpful to improve the tillage system of double cropping for high yield and high efficiency in HuangHuaiHai Plain.【Method】Summer maize hybrid Zhengdan958 (ZD958) was used as experimental materials. Three tillage treatments were designed in this study, including rotary tillage before sowing winter wheat and no-till before sowing of summer maize (RN), conventional tillage (mobile tillage by plow) before sowing of winter wheat and no-till before sowing of summer maize (MN), and conventional tillage before sowing winter wheat and rotary tillage before sowing of summer maize (MR). Effects of tillage treatments on yield, leaf area index (LAI), accumulation and distribution of dry matter, and grain filling characteristics of summer maize were investigated.【Result】Results showed that tillage before sowing of both winter wheat and summer maize had significant effects on yield and yield components of summer maize. Compared with RN, LAI, dry matter (DM) accumulation after tasseling (VT), the ratio of DM after VT to total DM, and maximum grain filling rate (Gmax) in MR and MN increased by 15.01%, 21.14%, 3.21%, 15.00% and 16.44%, 24.92%, 4.49%, 12.60%, respectively. So DM accumulation, DM after tasseling (VT), distribution of DM to kernels, weight of maximum grain filling rate (Wmax) and Gmax increased significantly after conventional tillage before sowing of winter wheat. As a result, kernel number and weight per ear increased, thus grain yield increased. Compared with RN, grain yield in MR and MN increased by 30.61% and 24.03%, respectively. Rotary tillage before sowing of summer maize had no significant effects on DM accumulation after VT and growing rate of grains, however, the emergence rate of summer maize increased significantly, which increased ear number per planting area, thus grain yield increased. Compared with MN, the emergence rate of summer maize in MR increased by 6.29%, and grain yield increased by 5.23%.【Conclusion】Compared with RN, grain yield of MR and MN increased significantly. Though the yield in MR was higher than that in MN, taking grain yield and machinery costs into account, the tillage system of conventional tillage before sowing of winter wheat and no till before sowing of summer maize maybe helpful for high yield and high efficiency of summer maize production in Huang-Huai-Hai Plain.

Key words: double cropping of winter wheat and summer maize, pre-planting tillage, dry matter accumulation, grain filling, grain yield

LI Xia, REN Bai-zhao, FAN Xia, ZHAO Bin, DONG Shu-ting, LIU Peng, ZHANG Ji-wang. Effects of Tillage Before Sowing of Winter Wheat and Summer Maize on Yield Formation of Summer Maize[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2015, 48(6): 1074-1083.

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