Scientia Agricultura Sinica ›› 2012, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (1): 26-33.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2012.01.004

• TILLAGE & CULTIVATION·PHYSIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY·AGRICULTURE INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Soil Macro-structure and Precision Tillage

 DING  Qi-Shuo, DING  Wei-Min, PAN  Gen-Xing, JI  Chang-Ying   

  1. 1.南京农业大学工学院/江苏省智能化农业装备重点实验室，南京 210031
    2.南京农业大学农业资源与生态环境研究所，南京 210095
  • Received:2011-06-28 Online:2012-01-01 Published:2011-09-15

PDF

767

Cited

2

Abstract: Soil macro-structure, an extrapolation from soil structure, is 1-2 magnitudes higher in scale than soil aggregates and  more spatially and temporally dynamic in nature. Soil physical composition, mechanical indices, mechanical governing mechanisms and potential mechanical applications in agricultural production comprised the key focus of soil macro-structure study, formulated a theoretical basis for precision tillage research. Indices for soil macro-structure quantification are comprised of shear strength, cone index, plate sinkage and fracture strength, which are governed by elasto-plastic, fracture and fragmentation, and rheological mechanics of soil macro-structural dynamics. Precision tillage is the effort of testing, evaluating and modeling the soil macro-structure. This quantification of the relationship between soil macro-structure dynamics and the mode and magnitude of the externally applied mechanical forces will finally lead to technical breakthroughs for precise placement or management of soil structure, crop residue, seed, water and fertilizer. The result of which will facilitate upgrading soil workability, enhancing soil structural stability, improving trafficability and soil bearing capacity, and optimizing soil-plant-environment or terra-machinery systems.

Key words: soilmacro-structure, precisiontillage, assessment, cropresponse

[1]黄昌勇. 土壤学. 北京:中国农业出版社, 2004: 80-95. 

Huang C Y. Soil Science. Beijing: China Agricultural Press, 2004: 80-95. (in Chinese)

[2]Atkinson B S, Sparkes D L, Mooney S J. Effect of seedbed cultivation and soil macrostructure on the establishment of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum). Soil & Tillage Research, 2009, 103(2): 291-301.

[3]Mooney S J, Morris C, Berry P M. Visualization and quantification of the effects of cereal root lodging on three-dimensional soil macrostructure using X-ray computed tomography. Soil Science, 2006, 171(9): 706-718.

[4]Bartoli F, Genevois-Gomendy V, Royer J J, Niquet S, Vivier H, Grayson R. A multiscale study of silty soil structure. European Journal of Soil Science, 2005, 56(2): 207-223.

[5]Carter M R. Researching structural complexity in agricultural soils. Soil & Tillage Research, 2004, 79: 1-6.

[6]Dexter A R, Birkas M. Prediction of the soil structures produced by tillage. Soil & Tillage Research, 2004, 79: 233-238.

[7]Keller T, Arvidsson J, Dexter A R. Soil structures produced by tillage as affected by soil water content and the physical quality of soil. Soil & Tillage Research, 2007, 92: 45-52.

[8]Roger-Estrade J, Richard G, Caneill J, Boizard H, Coquet Y, Defossez P, Manichon H. Morphological characterization of soil structure in tilled fields: from a diagnosis method to the modeling of structural changes over time. Soil & Tillage Research, 2004, 79: 33-49.

[9]丁启朔, 丁为民, 孟为国, 韩 英. 耕作力学研究的土壤结构表现与评价. 农业机械学报,2007, 38(8): 62-66. 

Ding Q S, Ding W M, Meng W G, Han Y. Characteristics and quantification of soil structure for soil tillage research. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery, 2007,38(8): 62-66. (in Chinese)

[10]Ding Q, Ding W. Stress wavelets: Multi-scale and multi-resolution assessment of soil structure by the drop-shatter method. Soil & Tillage Research, 2006, 88(1): 168-179.

[11]丁启朔, 潘根兴, 丁为民. 稻田耕后土壤结构的描述方法与指标——以南京江浦农场为例. 土壤通报, 2011, 42(1): 1-6.

Ding Q S, Pan G X, Ding W M. Approaches and indices for post-tillage paddy soil structure modeling: a case study in Nanjing Jiangpu farm. Chinese Journal of Soil Science, 2011, 42(1): 1-6. (in Chinese)

[12]Munkholm L J, Schjonning P S, Jensen H E, Christensen B T. Aggregate strength and mechanical behaviour of a sandy loam soil under long-term fertilization treatments. European Journal of Soil Science, 2002, 53(1):129-137.

[13]Munkholm L, Perfect E. Brittle fracture of soil aggregates: Weibull models and methods of parameter estimation. Soil Science Society of American Journal, 2005, 69: 1565-1571.

[14]Perfect E, Kay B D, Ferguson J A, da Silva A P, Denholm K A. Comparison of functions for characterizing the dry aggregate size distribution of tilled soil. Soil & Tillage Research, 1993: 28: 123-139.

[15]Watts C W, Dexter A R. Traffic and seasonal influence on the energy required for cultivation and on the subsequent tilth. Soil & Tillage Research, 1994, 31: 303-322.

[16]Ellen H. Tillage effects and specific energy requirements of rotary tillage. Soil & Tillage Research, 1984, 4:471-484.

[17]Arvidsson J, Keller T, Gustafsson K. Specific draught for mouldboard plough, chisel plough and disc harrow at different water contents. Soil & Tillage Research, 2004,79: 221-231.

[18]Perfect E, Kay B D.  Statistical characterization of dry aggregate strength using rupture energy. Soil Science Society of American Journal, 1994, 58: 1804-1809.

[19]Blanco-Canqui H, Lal R, Owens L B, Post W M, Izaurralde R C. Mechanical properties and organic carbon of soil aggregates in the northern appalachinans. Soil Science Society of American Journal, 2005, 69: 1472-1481.

[20]Sarlia G O, Filgueiraa R R, Giménez D. Measurement of soil aggregate density by volume displacement in two non-mixing liquids. Soil Science Society of American Journal, 2001, 65:1400-1403.

[21]Samouëlian A, Cousin I, Richard G, Tabbagh A, Bruand A. Electrical resistivity imaging for detecting soil cracking at the centimetric scale. Soil Science Society of American Journal, 2003, 67: 1319-1326.

[22]Roisin C J C.  A multifractal approach for assessing the structural state of tilled soils. Soil Science Society of American Journal, 2007, 71:15-25.

[23]Gantzer C J, Anderson S H. Computed tomographic measurement of macroporosity in chisel-disk and no-tillage seedbeds. Soil & Tillage Research, 2002, 64:101-111.

[24]Estrade J R. Morphological characterization of soil structure in tilled fields: from a diagnosis method to the modeling of structural changes over time. Soil & Tillage Research, 2004, 79:33-49.

[25]赵渭生. 土壤抗破碎强度测定法. 土壤,1984(4):153-154.

Zhao W S. Test method for soil fragmentation strength. Soils, 1984(4): 153-154. (in Chinese)

[26]区颖刚, Godwin R J. 塑性土壤的弯曲破碎. 农业工程学报,1997,13(1):30-34.

Qu Y G, Godwin R J. Bending induced fracture of plastic soils. Transactions of the CSAE, 1997,13(1): 30-34. (in Chinese)

[27]Hallett P D. A simple fracture mechanics approach for assessing ductile crack growth in soil. Soil Science Society of American Journal, 2001, 65:1083-1088.

[28]Aluko O B. A fracture strength parameter for brittle agricultural soils. Biosystems Engineering, 2006, 93(2): 245-252.

[29]Watts C W, Dexter A R, Dumitru E, Arvidsson J. An assessment of the vulnerability of soil structure to destabilization during tillage. Part 1. A laboratory test.  Soil & Tillage Research,1996,37:161-174.

[30]Ding Q, Pan G, Ding W, Ji C. A laboratory rig and a scale- and energy-controlled procedure for tender soil fragmentation test. Soil Science Society of American Journal, 2009, 73(4):1286-1290.

[31]Munkholm L J. Tensile strength of soil cores in relation to aggregate strength, soil fragmentation and pore characteristics. Soil & Tillage Research, 2002, 64:125-135.

[32]Aluko O B. An experimental investigation of the characteristics of and conditions for brittle fracture in two-dimensional soil cutting. Soil & Tillage Research, 2000, 57:143-157.

[33]Berntsen R, Berre B. Soil fragmentation and the efficiency of tillage implements. Soil & Tillage Research, 2002; 64(1-2): 137-147.

[34]Eghball B, Mielke L N, Calvo G A, Wilhelm W W. Fractal description of soil fragmentation for various tillage methods and crop sequences. Soil Science Society of American Journal, 1993, 57(5): 1337-1341. 

[35]Pirmoradian N, Sepaskhah A R, Hajabbasi M A. Application of fractal theory to quantify soil aggregate stability as influenced by tillage treatments. Biosystems Engineering, 2005, 90(2): 227-234.

[36]Hemmat A, Aghilinategh N, Sadeghi M. Shear strength of repacked remoulded samples of a calcareous soil as affected by long-term incorporation of three organic manures in central Iran. Biosystems Engineering, 2010, 107: 251-261.

[37]Zhao Y H, Krzic M, Bulmer C E. Maximum bulk density of British Columbia forest soils from the proctor test: Relationships with selected physical and chemical properties. Soil Science Society of American Journal, 2008, 72(2): 442-452. 

[38]Nhantumbo A B J C, Cambule A H. Bulk density by proctor test as a function of texture for agricultural soils in Maputo province of Mozambique. Soil & Tillage Research, 2006, 87(2): 231-239.    

[39]Diaz-Zorita M, Grove J H, Perfect E. Laboratory compaction of soils using a small mold procedure. Soil Science Society of American Journal, 2001, 65(6): 1593-1598.   

[40]汪攀峰, 丁启朔.  粘土单层击实试验与制样因子研究. 岩土力学, 2010, 31(6): 1797-1802.

Wang P F, Ding Q S. Study of dynamic compaction of monolayer cohensive soil and factors for remolded soil. Rock and Soil Mechanics, 2010, 31(6): 1797-1802. (in Chinese)

[41]李春林, 丁启朔, 陈青春. 水稻土的先期固结压力测定与分析. 农业工程学报. 2010, 26(8):141-144.

Li C L, Ding Q S, Chen Q C. Measurement and analysis of precompression stress of soil in rice field. Transactions of the CSAE, 2010, 26(8): 141-144. (in Chinese)

[42]姚 艳, 丁启朔, 周 俊.  重塑土壤承压模型的建立与实验. 农业机械学报, 2010, 41(3): 40-45.

Yao Y, Ding Q S, Zhou J. Pressure-sinkage characteristic model of remolded soil. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery, 2010, 41(3): 40-45. (in Chinese)

[43]Perfect E. A prefractal model for predicting soil fragment mass-size distributions. Soil & Tillage Research, 2002, 64:79-90.

[44]Perrier E M A. Modelling soil fragmentation: the pore solid fractal approach. Soil & Tillage Research, 2002, 64:91-99.

[45]Raoush R A. Comparison of network generation techniques for unconsolidated porous media. Soil Science Society of American Journal, 2003, 67:1687-1700.

[46]Berry R A, Martineau R C, Wood T R.  Particle-based direct numerical simulation of contaminant transport and deposition in porous flow. Vadose Zone Journal, 2004, 3:164-164.

[47]Or D. Modeling post-tillage soil structural dynamics: a review. Soil & Tillage Research, 2002, 64:41-59.

[48]Park E J, Smucker A J M. Saturated hydraulic conductivity and porosity within macroaggregates modified by tillage. Soil Science Society of American Journal, 2005, 69:38-45.

[49]Zhuang J, Jin Y, Miyazaki T. Estimating water retention characteristic from soil particle-size distribution using a nonsimilar media concept. Soil Science, 2001, 166: 308- 321.

[50]Gimenez D, Rawls W J, Pachepsky Y, Watt J P C. Prediction of a pore distribution factor from soil textural and mechanical parameters. Soil Science, 2001, 166: 79-88.

[51]孟凤英, 丁启朔, 鹿 飞, 丁为民, 潘根兴. 冲击作用下粘性土壤破碎体的分形维数与影响因素. 农业机械学报, 2009, 40(3): 108-111.

Meng F Y, Ding Q S, Lu F, Ding W M, Pan G X. Fragmentation fractal dimensions of cohesive soil under impact and its influencing factors. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery, 2009, 40(3): 108-111. (in Chinese)

[52]沈 杰, 于 群. 粘性土壤剪切强度与容重和含水量之间关系的研究. 土壤学报, 1991, 28(2): 132-138.

Shen J, Yu Q. Research on the relation of shear strength, dry density and water content for clayey soils. Acta Pedologica Sinica, 1991, 28(2): 132-138 (in Chinese).

[53]陈志雄, 汪仁真, 杨苑璋. 土壤破碎模数与湿度关系的初步研究. 土壤学报, 1986, 23(2): 142-147.

Chen Z X, Wang R Z, Yang Y Z. The primary study on modulus of rupture of soils in relation with soil moisture content. Acta Pedologica Sinica, 1986, 23(2): 142-147. (in Chinese)

[54]Reichert J M, Suzuki L E A S, Reinert D J, Horn R, Håkansson I.  Reference bulk density and critical degree-of-compactness for no-till crop production in subtropical highly weathered soils. Soil & Tillage Research, 2009, 102(2): 242-254.

[55]韩秋萍, 丁启朔, 潘根兴, 丁为民, 周裕辉. 基于Pro/E的土壤结构与小麦幼苗期根系关系模拟与分析. 中国农业科学, 2010, 43(22): 4598-4604.

Han Q P, Ding Q S, Pan G X, Ding W M, Zhou Y H. Modeling and analyzing the relationship between soil structure and wheat seedling root with Pro/E. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2010,43(22): 4598-4604. (in Chinese)

[56]Hakansson I, Myrbeck A, Etana A. A review of research on seedbed preparation for small grains in Sweden. Soil & Tillage Research, 2002, 64: 23-40.
[1] YANG Fan, HU XiaoQian, WANG Yu, YUE CaiXia, ZHANG Rui, TIAN Wen, WANG TingTing, LI Yang, JI MeiQuan, ZHANG LiHui, AN KeJing. Optimization of Detection Conditions for Aerobic Spore-Forming Bacillus in Honey and Analysis of Its Contamination Characteristics [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2026, 59(4): 887-899.
[2] WU LiDong, LIN ShuTing, QIU YinHui, LIU YaTing, ZHANG Rui, LI YongQing, SHANG Wei, ZHONG LiuQing. Variation of Different Drying Methods on the Quality of Capsicum annuum L. [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2025, 58(3): 582-599.
[3] CHEN JunQuan, MA ChiYuan, HU Xin, LI Duo, GUO YanQi, LIU Can, ZHOU Kai, ZHENG TaiHui. Effects of Incorporation of Inorganic-Organic Fertilizers on Soil Fertility, Ecological Stoichiometric Characteristics, and Yields of Rice Cropping System in the Red Soil Region of China [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2025, 58(23): 4952-4966.
[4] BAO MingFang, QIN Yan, CHEN CaiJin, ZHANG ShangPei, ZHANG GuoHui, SHA XiaoDi. Evaluation of 111 Alfalfa Germplasm Resources for Seedling Phenotypic Drought Tolerance Characterization [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2025, 58(19): 3825-3836.
[5] SHAO MingChao, AN JingWei, LIU BoRui, WU JianShuang, ZHANG Qi, YAO Xia, CHENG Tao, JIANG ChongYa, CAO WeiXing, ZHENG HengBiao, ZHU Yan. Comprehensive Assessment of Wheat Seedling Growth Status Based on Multimodal Data [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2025, 58(19): 3857-3871.
[6] CHEN CaiJin, MA Lin, BAO MingFang, ZHANG GuoHui, JIANG QingXue, YANG TianHui, WANG Chuan, WANG XiaoChun, GAO Ting, WANG XueMin, LIU WenHui. Identification and Evaluation of Drought Resistance for 111 Germplasm Resources of Alfalfa During Germination Stage [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2025, 58(10): 1896-1907.
[7] ZHANG AiHong, YANG Fei, ZHAO YuanYe, ZHAO YiHan, DI DianPing, MIAO HongQin. Pathogenicity and Epidemic Risk of Barley Yellow Striate Mosaic Virus [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2024, 57(23): 4686-4697.
[8] ZHAO SiJian, NIE Qian, ZHANG Qiao, CHEN AiLian, LI Yue. Study on Production Risk Assessment of Three Major Grain Crops in China Based on Multi-Source Data [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2024, 57(21): 4276-4289.
[9] ZHOU YuanQing, DONG HongMin, ZHU ZhiPing, WANG Yue, LI NanXi. Review on Carbon Footprint Assessment of Pig Farming System [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2024, 57(2): 379-389.
[10] CHEN XiaoWei, WANG XiaoLong. Accounting Framework of Carbon Footprint on Integrated Cropping-Breeding Farming System: A Case on Maize-Cow-Recycling Manure Model [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2023, 56(2): 314-332.
[11] WANG AnNa, WANG Yun, PENG XiaoWei, WU YuFang, KAN Huan, LIU Yun, QUAN Wei, LU Bin. Effects of Different Drying Methods on the Quality Characteristics of Dried Zanthoxylum armatum Leaves [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2023, 56(18): 3655-3669.
[12] YIN Chang, ZHU Mo, CHEN YanRu, TONG ShiFeng, ZHAO GuiPing, LIU Yang. Assessment of Genomic Selection Accuracy for Slaughter Traits in Broilers Based on Microarray and Imputed Sequencing Data [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2023, 56(15): 3032-3039.
[13] ZHENG ChunYu, SHA ShanYi, ZHU Lin, WANG ShaoJie, FENG GuoZhong, GAO Qiang, WANG Yin. Optimizing Nitrogen Fertilizer Rate for High-Yield Maize in Black Soil Region Based on Ecological and Social Benefits [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2023, 56(11): 2129-2140.
[14] QIAO Yuan,YANG Huan,LUO JinLin,WANG SiXian,LIANG LanYue,CHEN XinPing,ZHANG WuShuai. Inputs and Ecological Environment Risks Assessment of Maize Production in Northwest China [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2022, 55(5): 962-976.
[15] REN Yifang,YANG ZhangPing,LING Fenghua,XIAO LiangWen. Risk Zoning of Heat Stress Risk Zoning of Dairy Cows in Jiangsu Province and Its Characteristics Affected by Climate Change [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2022, 55(22): 4513-4525.
Viewed
Full text


Abstract

Cited
  Shared   
  Discussed   
No Suggested Reading articles found!
京ICP备09089781号-30
Copyright 2018 © Editorial office of Scientia Agricultura Sinica
Tel: 86-010-82106279    E-mail: zgnykx@mail.caas.net.cn
Supported by Beijing Magtech Co.Ltd