北方强冬性甘蓝型冬油菜品种(系)抗寒性评价

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2019.19.002

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 In this study, the cold tolerance of twelve strong winter Brassica napus, which planted in northern China, were compared. The degree of cold tolerance was clearly classified by three identification methods. It provides a scientific and reliable identification method and varieties (lines) with strong cold tolerance, for improvement of Brassica napus in northern China. 【Method】 Twelve strong winter Brassica napus varieties (lines) were used as the materials. In order to compare and analyze the difference of cold tolerance among these materials, we observed the morphology of seedlings before overwintering, recorded statistical overwintering rate and calculated the lethal temperature (LT₅₀), meanwhile, measured physiological indexes, and analyzed the relationship among cold tolerance, vernalization rate and the differences in growth stages after sowing in early spring. Then, we used LT₅₀, subordinate function and comparison of vernalization differences, respectively, to clarify the cold tolerance classification of twelve Brassica napus. 【Result】 The overwintering survival rate of materials in Tianshui area (34°60′N, altitude 1 084-1 650 m) was 92.1%-97.8%. However, the overwintering survival rate decreased rapidly after moving to Lanzhou (36°73′N, altitude 1 517 m) and Shangchuan (36°03′N, altitude 2 150 m), the overwintering survival rate was 0-14.4%, (plastic film mulch) and 36.0%-78.6% (plastic film mulch) respectively. The strong winter Brassica napus lines ‘16TS 309-4, 16TS 306-3, 16TS 309-10, 15NS 45-4, 2016 8(G) and 2016TSG (10)’ which were new bred by Gansu Agricultural University could survive over winter, with the average overwintering survival rate of 10.2%-14.4%. Before overwintering, the seedlings of these new materials tended to prostrate growth, the colors of heart leaves and young stems were yellow-green or purple, the color of leaves was dark green, the accumulation of underground dry matter was greater than aboveground dry matter, and the root shoot ratio increased which was between 0.23 to 0.95, with a significant difference (P＜0.05). Under cold stress, leaves kept relatively high enzyme activity of super oxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT), moreover, the high content of soluble protein (SP), soluble sugar (SS) and free proline (Pro) was detected, and LT₅₀ was relatively lower (range from -13.4℃ to -5.7℃). In the field experiment, twelve winter rapeseeds were sowed in early spring, the results have shown that the vernalization rate was between 4.05% and 87.65%, and ‘2016TS (G) 10’ was the lowest one. However, ‘2016TS (G) 10’ not only has the lowest vernalization rate (4.05%), but also the average plant height (10.77 cm), the average blot height of plants in the not budding stage (10.50 cm) and the average blot height of plants in budding stage (17.10 cm) were all the lowest one. Correlation analysis showed that the vernalization rate was significantly positively correlated with the average plant (bolt) height, the proportion of mature plants and LT₅₀, with R ²of 0.90-0.96, and significantly negatively correlated with overwintering survival rate, LT₅₀, comprehensive evaluation value (D), CAT, POD and SP, with R ² of -0.96--0.63.【Conclusion】 In northern China, sowing winter rapeseeds in the early spring, according to the difference of vernalization rate, growth stage and average plant (blot) high, the cold tolerance of winter rapeseeds were evaluated. The seven new lines of Brassica napus bred by Gansu Agricultural University showed strong cold tolerance, could over winter in the area of 36°03′N, altitude 2 150 m, and the cold tolerance was significantly strong than Tianyou 14, Tianyou 2288 (bred by Tianshui Agricultural Science Research Institute) and Xinyou 23 (bred by Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences), that is an essential germplasm resource with strong cold tolerance for Brassica napus breeding in northern China.

Key words: Brassica napus L., overwintering survival rate, LT₅₀, vernalization rate, assessment of cold tolerance

PU YuanYuan,ZHAO YuHong,WU JunYan,LIU LiJun,BAI Jing,MA Li,NIU ZaoXia,JIN JiaoJiao,FANG Yan,LI XueCai,SUN WanCang. Comprehensive Assessment on Cold Tolerance of the Strong Winter Brassica napus L. Cultivated in Northern China[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2019, 52(19): 3291-3308.

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References 51

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品种（系） Variety (line)	类型 Type	选育单位 Source
新油23 Xinyou23	甘蓝型冬油菜 Winter Brassica napus	新疆农业科学院 Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences
16TS 309-4	甘蓝型冬油菜 Winter Brassica napus	甘肃农业大学 Gansu Agricultural University
16TS 306-3	甘蓝型冬油菜 Winter Brassica napus	甘肃农业大学 Gansu Agricultural University
16TS 312-2	甘蓝型冬油菜 Winter Brassica napus	甘肃农业大学 Gansu Agricultural University
16TS 309-10	甘蓝型冬油菜 Winter Brassica napus	甘肃农业大学 Gansu Agricultural University
16NPZ 269-1	甘蓝型冬油菜 Winter Brassica napus	甘肃农业大学 Gansu Agricultural University
16NTS 158	甘蓝型冬油菜 Winter Brassica napus	甘肃农业大学 Gansu Agricultural University
15NS 45-4	甘蓝型冬油菜 Winter Brassica napus	甘肃农业大学 Gansu Agricultural University
2016 8(G)	甘蓝型冬油菜 Winter Brassica napus	甘肃农业大学 Gansu Agricultural University
2016TS(G)10	甘蓝型冬油菜 Winter Brassica napus	甘肃农业大学 Gansu Agricultural University
天油14 Tianyou14	甘蓝型冬油菜 Winter Brassica napus	天水市农业科学研究所 Tianshui Agricultural Science Research Institute
天油2288 Tianyou2288	甘蓝型冬油菜 Winter Brassica napus	天水市农业科学研究所 Tianshui Agricultural Science Research Institute

环境因子 Environment factor	天水 Tianshui	上川 Shangchuan	兰州 Lanzhou
经度 Longitude	105°69′ E	103°40′ E	103°73′ E
纬度 Latitude	34°60′ N	36°03′ N	36°73′ N
海拔 Altitude (m)	1084—1650	2150	1517
年平均气温 Annual average temperature (℃)	11.5	6.5	10.3
最冷月平均最低气温 Lowest temperature in the coldest month (℃)	-2.0	-14.6	-5.0
极端气温 Extreme low temperature (℃)	-14.7	-26.5	-16.0
无霜期 Free frost days (d)	155	142	180
平均降雨量 Precipitation (mm)	491	175	327

品种（系） Variety (line)	越冬率Overwintering rate (%)									抗寒性分类 Cold tolerance classification
	天水Tianshui			兰州Lanzhou			上川Shangchuan
	2016—2018		平均值Mean	2016—2018		平均值 Mean	2016—2018		平均值 Mean
新油23 Xinyou23	94.1	90.1	92.1a	6.0	40.0	23.0g	0.0	0.0	0.0e	弱 Weak
16TS 309-4	98.4	96.2	97.3a	21.0	65.0	43.0bc	4.9	14.3	9.6a	强 Strong
16TS 306-3	98.9	96.5	97.7a	15.4	57.5	36.5d	1.8	13.6	7.7bc	中 Medium
16TS 312-2	94.1	93.7	93.9a	22.5	65.4	44.0ab	3.3	13.7	8.5ab	强 Strong
16TS 309-10	98.8	94.0	96.4a	15.6	44.2	30.0f	3.8	12.6	8.2abc	中 Medium
16NPZ 269-1	97.7	92.5	95.1a	19.5	54.8	37.2d	2.9	11.7	7.3bcd	中 Medium
16NTS 158	95.8	91.0	93.4a	16.0	50.0	33.0e	2.0	10.6	6.3cd	中 Medium
15NS 45-4	96.6	96.4	96.5a	12.0	78.6	45.3a	2.1	14.4	8.2abc	强 Strong
2016 8(G)	95.9	93.5	94.7a	20.8	63.0	42.0c	1.2	10.2	5.7d	强 Strong
2016TS(G)10	99.3	96.3	97.8a	18.5	70.0	44.3abc	4.4	11.0	7.7bc	强 Strong
天油14 Tianyou14	97.0	95.0	96.0a	9.2	36.0	22.6g	0.0	2.0	1.0e	弱 Weak
天油2288 Tianyou2288	95.9	89.5	92.7a	7.2	38.5	22.9g	0.0	0.0	0.0e	弱 Weak

品种（系） Variety(line)	相对电导率 Relative electrolytic leakage (%)					回归方程 Regression equation	拟合度 R²	半致死温度 LT₅₀(℃)	抗寒性排序 Cold tolerance ranking
品种（系） Variety(line)	5℃	0℃	-5℃	-10℃	-15℃	回归方程 Regression equation	拟合度 R²	半致死温度 LT₅₀(℃)	抗寒性排序 Cold tolerance ranking
新油23 Xinyou23	25.30b	32.54a	42.40ab	61.27a	80.45abc	y=100/（1+1.949e^0.1237^x）	0.96	-5.4	11
16TS 309-4	20.07cd	31.20b	31.83abc	46.67a	68.67c	y=100/（1+2.6e^0.0998^x）	0.92	-9.6	2
16TS 306-3	19.87de	22.03b	32.22cd	48.80a	80.55abc	y=100/（1+2.976e^0.1369^x）	0.89	-8.0	3
16TS 312-2	17.26de	28.57b	34.20a	53.07a	85.92ab	y=100/（1+2.775e^0.1558^x）	0.90	-6.6	7
16TS 309-10	15.14bc	21.75c	36.16cd	52.03a	85.97ab	y=100/（1+3.251e^0.1687^x）	0.93	-7.0	5
16NPZ 269-1	15.95e	25.16c	34.23bcd	66.31a	88.85a	y=100/（1+2.872e^0.1849^x）	0.94	-5.7	9
16NTS 158	19.60bc	26.33b	39.00abcd	54.63a	86.36ab	y=100（1+2.57e^0.1546^x）	0.91	-6.1	8
15NS 45-4	20.05e	35.76bc	37.73abcd	57.80a	84.99ab	y=100/（1+2.496e^0.1256^x）	0.94	-7.3	4
2016 8(G)	25.92bc	31.67a	41.23ab	52.13a	75.63bc	y=100/（1+2.04e^0.1044^x）	0.93	-6.8	6
2016TS(G)10	20.66bc	21.21b	29.37d	41.37a	57.63d	y=100/（1+3.134e^0.0854^x）	0.93	-13.4	1
天油14 Tianyou14	20.71bc	29.04a	32.90abcd	58.17a	76.61bc	y=100/（1+2.22e^0.1427^x）	0.91	-5.6	10
天油2288 Tianyou2288	22.71a	34.65a	40.22ab	73.63a	79.17abc	y=100/（1+1.734e^0.125^x）	0.91	-4.4	12

品种（系） Variety(line)	心叶色 Leaf color	幼茎色 Young stem color	叶柄色 Petiole color	生长习性 Growth habit	叶片数 Leaves amount
新油23 Xinyou23	黄绿/紫色 Yellow-green/Purple	黄绿/紫色 Yellow-green/Purple	黄绿/紫色 Yellow-green/Purple	半直立/匍匐 Semi-erect/Prostrate	12.0
16TS 309-4	紫色 Purple	绿色 Green	黄绿/紫色 Yellow-green/Purple	半直立/匍匐 Semi-erect/Prostrate	9.8
16TS 306-3	紫色 Purple	黄绿 Yellow-green	黄绿/紫色 Yellow-green/Purple	半直立/匍匐 Semi-erect/Prostrate	9.1
16TS 312-2	紫色 Purple	紫色 Purple	黄绿 Yellow-green	半直立 Semi-erect	10.7
16TS 309-10	紫色 Purple	紫色 Purple	黄绿/紫色 Yellow-green/Purple	半直立/匍匐 Semi-erect/Prostrate	9.8
16NPZ 269-1	紫色 Purple	黄绿 Yellow-green	黄绿 Yellow-green	半直立/匍匐 Semi-erect/Prostrate	11.0
16NTS 158	黄绿/紫色 Yellow-green/Purple	黄绿 Yellow-green	黄绿 Yellow-green	半直立/匍匐 Semi-erect/Prostrate	11.3
15NS 45-4	紫色 Purple	黄绿 Yellow-green	黄绿/紫色 Yellow-green/Purple	半直立/匍匐 Semi-erect/Prostrate	10.0
2016 8(G)	紫色 Purple	黄绿/紫色 Yellow-green/Purple	黄绿/紫色 Yellow-green/Purple	半直立/匍匐 Semi-erect/Prostrate	9.1
2016TS(G)10	紫色 Purple	黄绿 Yellow-green	黄绿 Yellow-green	半直立/匍匐 Semi-erect/Prostrate	10.8
天油14 Tianyou14	黄绿/紫色 Yellow-green/Purple	黄绿 Yellow-green	黄绿 Yellow-green	半直立 Semi-erect	12.6
天油2288 Tianyou2288	黄绿/紫色 Yellow-green/Purple	黄绿 Yellow-green	黄绿 Yellow-green	半直立 Semi-erect	12.8

Comprehensive Assessment on Cold Tolerance of the Strong Winter Brassica napus L. Cultivated in Northern China

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品种（系） Variety (line)	地上部干重 Above-ground dry matter		地下部干重 Under-ground dry matter		干根冠比 Dry root shoot ratio
品种（系） Variety (line)	9/26	10/29	9/26	10/29	9/26	10/29
新油23 Xinyou23	4.75a	10.98abcd	0.73a	3.86bcd	0.16a	0.36bcd
16TS 306-4	3.40ab	5.35d	0.82a	5.12abc	0.30a	0.95abc
16TS 306-3	3.29ab	6.31bcd	0.87a	2.56cd	0.27a	0.40cd
16TS 312-2	3.91ab	14.58ab	0.79a	3.67bcd	0.21a	0.24bcd
16TS 309-10	3.26ab	5.51cd	0.73a	2.69cd	0.23a	0.49cd
16NPZ269-1	2.69b	14.12abc	0.65a	6.08ab	0.24a	0.46ab
16NTS 158	4.58ab	12.24abcd	0.66a	2.27d	0.14a	0.19d
15NS 45-4	3.32ab	8.95abcd	0.89a	7.08a	0.27a	0.88a
2016 8(G)	3.78ab	5.69cd	0.88a	2.39d	0.24a	0.42d
2016TS(G)10	3.66ab	7.52abcd	0.73a	4.21bcd	0.20a	0.59bcd
天油14 Tianyou14	2.62b	14.72ab	0.58a	3.25cd	0.22a	0.23cd
天油2288 Tianyou2288	3.91ab	15.65a	0.78a	2.25d	0.28a	0.25d

品种（系） Variety (line)	春化率 Vernalization rate (%)	小区平均株数 Amount	比例Ratio (%)				抗寒性分类 Cold tolerance classification
品种（系） Variety (line)	春化率 Vernalization rate (%)	小区平均株数 Amount	未现蕾 Not budding	现蕾期 Squaring stage	花期 Flowering stage	成熟期 Maturing stage	抗寒性分类 Cold tolerance classification
新油23 Xinyou23	87.65a	162	12.35	39.51	—	48.15	Ⅴ
16TS 309-4	9.39g	181	90.61	9.39	—	—	Ⅰ
16TS 306-3	17.16f	204	82.84	17.16	—	—	Ⅱ
16TS 312-2	27.13e	387	72.87	27.13	—	—	Ⅱ
16TS 309-10	25.00e	216	75.00	24.54	—	0.46	Ⅱ
16NPZ 269-1	43.98c	241	56.43	39.00	0.41	4.15	Ⅲ
16NTS 158	38.71d	124	61.29	38.71	—	—	Ⅲ
15NS 45-4	16.40f	189	83.60	16.40	—	—	Ⅱ
2016 8(G)	24.37e	119	75.63	23.53	0.84	—	Ⅱ
2016TS(G)10	4.05h	222	95.95	4.05	—	—	Ⅰ
天油14 Tianyou14	55.00b	100	45.00	31.00	7.00	17.00	Ⅳ
天油2288 Tianyou2288	85.19a	108	14.81	10.19	2.78	72.22	Ⅴ

品种（系） Variety (line)	平均值Mean		平均株（薹）高 Average height of plant (bolt) (cm)
品种（系） Variety (line)	春化率 Vernalization rate (%)	平均株（薹）高 Average plant (bolt) height (cm)	未现蕾 Not budding	现蕾期 Squaring stage	花期 Flowering stage	成熟期 Maturing stage
新油23 Xinyou23	87.65	80.18	28.7	44.7	—	122.5
16TS 309-4	9.39	15.88	14.5	29.2	—	—
16TS 306-3	17.16	18.74	17.8	23.3	—	—
16TS 312-2	27.13	27.46	24.8	34.6	—	—
16TS 309-10	25.00	28.84	26.2	35.5	—	103.0
16NPZ 269-1	43.98	37.83	34.5	35.6	85.0	99.3
16NTS 158	38.71	33.42	32.3	35.2	—	—
15NS 45-4	16.4	20.73	16.6	41.8	—	—
2016 8(G)	24.37	20.21	17.6	28.1	34.0	—
2016TS(G)10	4.05	10.77	10.5	17.1	—	—
天油14 Tianyou14	55.00	38.79	23.1	28.7	49.4	94.4
天油2288 Tianyou2288	85.19	58.21	22.7	33.8	46.0	69.4

指标 Index	小区平均株高 Average plant height	未现蕾 Not budding		现蕾期 Squaring stage		成熟期 Maturing stage
指标 Index	小区平均株高 Average plant height	比例 Proportion	平均薹高 Average blot height	比例 Proportion	平均薹高 Average blot height	比例 Proportion	平均株高 Plant height
春化率 Vernalization rate	0.96**	-1.00**	0.57	0.46	0.53	0.89**	0.71**

品种（系） Variety(line)	耐寒系数（K） Anti-cold coefficiency
品种（系） Variety(line)	SOD	CAT	POD	SP	SS	Pro
新油23 Xinyou23	1.267b	1.267d	1.563c	1.478a	2.870ab	2.292c
16TS 309-4	1.377b	0.688d	3.369bc	1.316abcd	3.898a	3.633c
16TS 306-3	1.459b	0.486cd	2.765abc	1.278bcd	3.248ab	2.959bc
16TS 312-2	1.259ab	0.252bcd	1.844abc	1.174cd	2.889ab	2.356bc
16TS 309-10	1.629ab	0.407bcd	2.045abc	1.336abc	3.229ab	2.167bc
16NPZ 269-1	1.393ab	0.232bcd	2.064abc	1.243bcd	2.747ab	1.995bc
16NTS 158	1.291ab	0.184bcd	1.950abc	1.090d	2.794ab	2.573bc
15NS 45-4	1.242ab	0.155abc	2.846abc	1.395abc	3.267ab	2.307bc
2016 8(G)	1.426ab	0.158abc	2.818abc	1.243bcd	2.829ab	2.293ab
2016TS(G)10	1.565ab	0.157abc	2.641abc	1.426ab	3.325ab	2.318ab
天油14 Tianyou14	1.375ab	0.125ab	2.157ab	1.267bcd	2.688ab	2.007a
天油2288 Tianyou2288	1.198a	0.100a	1.542a	1.100d	2.338b	2.990a

品种（系） Variety (line)	隶属函数值 Subordinative function						综合评价值(D) Comprehensive evaluation value	抗寒性排序 Cold tolerance ranking
品种（系） Variety (line)	μ（1）	μ（2）	μ（3）	μ（4）	μ（5）	μ（6）	综合评价值(D) Comprehensive evaluation value	抗寒性排序 Cold tolerance ranking
新油23 Xinyou23	0.000	0.436	0.000	0.125	0.643	0.000	0.343	12
16TS 309-4	4.674	0.820	0.828	0.591	0.869	0.944	2.961	2
16TS 306-3	3.609	0.705	0.002	0.020	0.899	1.000	2.378	3
16TS 312-2	2.804	0.352	0.194	0.355	0.777	0.740	1.839	7
16TS 309-10	3.935	0.454	0.299	0.101	1.000	0.680	2.364	4
16NPZ 269-1	1.652	0.190	0.051	0.183	0.942	0.373	1.180	9
16NTS 158	2.304	0.271	1.000	0.754	0.409	0.540	1.544	8
15NS 45-4	3.413	1.000	0.935	1.000	0.122	0.949	2.345	5
2016 8(G)	3.022	0.520	0.528	0.138	0.918	0.853	2.090	6
2016TS(G)10	5.283	0.754	0.359	0.692	0.744	0.940	3.106	1
天油14 Tianyou14	1.674	0.242	0.302	0.583	0.460	0.401	1.143	10
天油2288 Tianyou2288	1.000	0.000	0.105	0.000	0.000	0.179	0.493	11
权重系数 Weighted value	0.249	0.209	0.068	0.051	0.174	0.248

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