Scientia Agricultura Sinica ›› 2026, Vol. 59 ›› Issue (4): 793-806.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2026.04.007

• PLANT PROTECTION • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Identification and Expression Analysis of the Fatty Acid Elongase Gene Family in Bemisia tabaci MED

JIANG Feng1(), WU ChunYan1, WANG YiHao1, YANG ZeZhong2, GONG Cheng1(), LUO Chen1   

  1. 1 College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, Jiangsu
    2 Institute of Plant Protection, Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin 300381
  • Received:2025-11-15 Online:2026-02-10 Published:2026-02-10
  • Contact: GONG Cheng

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Abstract:

【Objective】The host adaptability of Bemisia tabaci is closely associated with the plasticity of its lipid metabolism, particularly fatty acid metabolism. Fatty acid elongases (ELOs) are key regulatory components in fatty acid biosynthesis and modification. A comprehensive characterization of the ELO gene family in B. tabaci will contribute to elucidate the metabolic mechanisms underlying its nutritional adaptation, growth, and reproduction, and to identify novel target gene resources for sustainable green pest management strategies.【Method】Based on the B. tabaci MED genome and ELO sequences from other insects, ELO genes in B. tabaci were identified through multiple sequence alignment, 22 BtELO coding sequences were amplified and cloned using RT-PCR. Bioinformatics analyses were conducted to determine gene structure and protein physicochemical properties, and a maximum-likelihood phylogenetic tree was constructed to examine the evolutionary relationships between BtELOs and ELO genes from other Hemipteran insects. The temporal and spatial expression patterns of BtELOs in different developmental stages (egg, 1st-4th instar nymphs, and adults) and in various adult tissues (head, thorax, and abdomen) were analyzed using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR).【Result】A total of 22 BtELOs CDS were successfully identified and cloned, ranging from 714 to 1 296 bp. These genes, located on 10 genomic SCAFFOLDs, were sequentially designated BtELO1 through BtELO22 based on their linear arrangement. The encoded proteins, comprising 237 to 431 amino acids, are generally hydrophobic, contain 6-7 transmembrane domains, and are predicted to localize in the endoplasmic reticulum. Sequence alignment and phylogenetic analyses revealed that BtELO proteins possess the typical ELO conserved domain and histidine cluster (HXXHH). The sequence similarity among BtELO family members was as high as 76%. The BtELOs were grouped into 7 major evolutionary clades with clear phylogenetic clustering patterns, indicating conserved evolutionary relationships, with some genes forming independent clades indicative of gene duplication events. Spatiotemporal expression profiling revealed that the expression of BtELOs exhibited clear stage- and tissue-specific patterns in B. tabaci, indicating that these genes may perform diverse biological functions in this species.【Conclusion】The 22 BtELOs identified in B. tabaci contain the typical elongase domain and the conserved HXXHH motif. All BtELOs are expressed in various developmental stages and tissues of B. tabaci. Several genes exhibit high expression in eggs and adult abdomens, suggesting potential roles in reproductive processes, whereas those highly expressed during the nymphal stages may be associated with growth, development, and molting.

Key words: Bemisia tabaci, fatty acid elongase (ELO), gene family, bioinformatics, qRT-PCR

Table 1

Primer sequences"

基因
Gene		 登录号
Accession number		 引物序列Primer sequence (5′-3′)
开放阅读框扩增Amplification of ORF 实时荧光定量PCR qRT-PCR
BtELO1 PX527230 ATGGCAACCGAAGTAGTTTTAG CTGGGACTGCTTATCTTCAACTGT
GGATCATTTCATTTTATTTTCGTCA CAGGAAAAAGAATGACGAACAATC
BtELO2 PX527231 AATGCTGCTGGTGGTAGTGAA GTGTGGTGATATACATGGAGAA
TCGAGTAGGCTTCAAGGTAACAT AACGCCGGAGAACATTAC
BtELO3 PX527232 CACCTTGGATCTTGGATAGTTT GGGCCATGGAATGAGTTTAG
GTACGAGAAGGTAACCTGTGCT TCCAATTCGACCTCTTGTATTC
BtELO4 PX527233 TATTGATTTTGGATCGCCGA GTAGGCCCACGTTGATAAG
GAGCGTTGCTTGTCCGTAAA GTGTTCTTCGTACTCCGTAAA
BtELO5 PX527234 CGAATCGTTGGTGAACTGAC ATACTCTTCGCCGACTTCT
AGAGCGGAGGTCAACGACTA CGAACAGTCTAGGATAGCTTTG
BtELO6 PX527235 TCCGTATAACCACATCTCAGGAC CATGAATCAAGGCGTTCAATAC
AAACAAGATTACAACTGGAATTCA CCTCCACGTTTATCACCATT
BtELO7 PX527236 TCCCCGGATTTTTATTAATTTGT TGGAACTACCTCATGTTGAAAG
CAGTTGAATGAATTGACAGCGAT ACCATCTGAGTGTGATGATAGA
BtELO8 PX527237 TCCAGCTCCGCATGATTG GAGCCGATGTGAAATGCTGATC
ATGTGTGGATCGCCAATAGATAG GCTCCCACCTTTTTACTTTTGCTA
BtELO9 PX527238 ATGACGCAGATTCAAAGGGG ACATGACTCAACTCCAAATAGGTCA
TTTCAACGGAGATCATGTGGTT AAAACGAAGATGTTCACTGCGAT
BtELO10 PX527239 ATGGCGCAGATTCAAAGACAA TTGTTCATATCTGGATGTACGGGTA
CGAAATTGCATTGCGATCC CTGATTTGGAGTTGAGTGATGTGTT
BtELO11 PX527240 CCTTCCGACTCCAATATACCTT GAGTTCTTCGACACCTTCTTC
GCAAGTTCCTCGCAATCAT CATGATACCGTGGTGGATAAC
BtELO12 PX527241 AGGGAAGCCTATTTGACGTTAA TCTTTCAGAATGGTTGGCTCG
GCTCTTCTCCCGTCCAGATT TGTTTCTCCCAAGAGGCGTG
BtELO13 PX527242 TAAAATAGTGTCTTGCTTATCGTCT AGCGACCATGTAGTAGAAGTA
TTCACCCAGCTCAGATAACTATG GTGTCTGGATGGGAATGAAA
BtELO14 PX527243 TTTATTTGTCGGTCCTACTCATT CTGAAGAGCCAGAAGAAGAAG
CTGTACAGAGGAATCACGACTT CTCCTGTCAACTGCTTATCTAC
BtELO15 PX527244 GTTTACGCTGGTGAAGTGGACT GCTGTGGATAGGTACCATTATT
ACTAAGAAAGGGCTCTGTGACG TTGCCAAAGTGGGAATAGG
BtELO16 PX527245 CTGGAATGATTCGCTGGC GGACGACCAAGTTCCATTTA
TTTTCAACGGGCATCTTCA TGCGAGCTCTGCTATCT
BtELO17 PX527246 CCTCTCGTACCCACACTTACC CTCTCACCAACTACTCCTACA
AAGAGAGTTCAACGCAGTCAAT CATGTAGAGTCCGCAATAGTAAA
BtELO18 PX527247 ATGTTCAAACGGGTTCTCTGC ATCATAGTCTGCGTGCTGTTCTTC
CTTTTACAAACAATAGCCAGTCCA CTTTGTCTTCTTATCGCTGGTGAG
BtELO19 PX527248 ATTCGGGCTCACTTGTGTG AAGAACGTGTCGCAGAAC
AAGTATCATCACGAGGAAAAATC GCCGGTGACTTTCGTAAATA
BtELO20 PX527249 CCAAGTGATTCTCTAACCTATTGATT GTCCGAGAAGAGGAAGTAGA
GTCATACGCCCTTTTTGCC ATCCACGCTTTCCAACTAC
BtELO21 PX527250 ATCCGACTTCGTGCAGGGAT GGGAGAGACCATTTGCATAG
TATTCCTTTCTTTTCAGGGCTC GCTCATGCAACCACAAATG
BtELO22 PX527251 GGCTCGTCATACAGACCCAA CTTCACGTCTATCACCACAC
TTGGAATTTGCGGAGACACT CTGAATTGATCACGCCGATA
EF1α EE600682 — TAGCCTTGTGCCAATTTCCG
— CCTTCAGCATTACCGTCC

Fig. 1

The PCR products of the BtELO gene family"

Fig. 2

SCAFFOLD distribution of the BtELO gene family"

Fig. 3

Exon-intron distribution of the BtELO gene family"

Table 2

Physicochemical property analysis of ELO proteins in B. tabaci"

蛋白
Protein		 氨基酸数量
Amino acids size (aa)		 分子量
Mw (kDa)		 等电点
pI		 不稳定系数
Instability index (II)		 脂肪系数
Aliphatic index		 亲水性平均系数
Grand of hydropathicity
BtELO1 272 31.93 9.16 43.10 100.33 0.424
BtELO2 338 39.34 9.40 39.16 92.19 -0.086
BtELO3 270 31.90 9.37 30.44 100.33 0.239
BtELO4 289 33.66 9.44 31.90 108.24 0.348
BtELO5 268 31.59 9.57 35.59 104.70 0.390
BtELO6 290 33.74 9.66 35.21 104.79 0.379
BtELO7 276 32.54 9.58 25.79 105.18 0.362
BtELO8 277 32.62 9.59 32.23 106.53 0.348
BtELO9 280 33.26 9.70 31.28 111.00 0.394
BtELO10 277 33.09 9.56 38.26 106.97 0.306
BtELO11 313 36.29 9.53 33.65 84.76 0.157
BtELO12 277 32.62 9.66 32.16 104.08 0.353
BtELO13 343 39.98 9.48 44.96 69.62 -0.049
BtELO14 333 38.48 9.55 34.40 79.64 -0.075
BtELO15 431 50.02 9.02 24.04 78.47 -0.309
BtELO16 269 31.04 9.31 41.58 112.71 0.380
BtELO17 292 34.44 9.41 48.91 82.81 0.121
BtELO18 289 33.63 9.37 24.19 91.45 0.242
BtELO19 301 35.38 8.92 42.34 95.55 0.123
BtELO20 322 37.72 9.44 29.24 78.11 -0.065
BtELO21 319 37.35 9.57 35.48 83.98 0.096
BtELO22 237 27.90 9.52 26.00 106.88 0.387

Fig. 4

Multiple sequence alignment of ELO proteins from B. tabaci, N. lugens, and D. melanogaster"

Fig. 5

Phylogenetic tree of BtELOs with other Hemiptera ELOs"

Fig. 6

Relative expression levels of BtELO gene family at different developmental stages"

Fig. 7

Relative expression levels of BtELO gene family in different tissues of adults"

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