Scientia Agricultura Sinica ›› 2024, Vol. 57 ›› Issue (12): 2350-2363.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2024.12.007

• PLANT PROTECTION • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Identification of Pathogen Causing Tomato White Tip and Curl Leaf Disease and Its Pathogenicity in Guangdong Province

WANG Yuan1,2(), DU MengDan1,2, LI ZhengGang2, SHE XiaoMan2, YU Lin2, LAN GuoBing2, DING ShanWen2, HE ZiFu2(), TANG YaFei2()   

  1. 1 College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642
    2 Plant Protection Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/South China Key Laboratory for Green Prevention and Control of Fruits and Vegetables, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection, Guangzhou 510640
  • Received:2024-01-05 Accepted:2024-01-27 Online:2024-06-25 Published:2024-06-25
  • Contact: HE ZiFu, TANG YaFei

Abstract:

【Objective】 Lisianthus enation leaf curl virus (LELCV) is a new species of the genus Begomovirus discovered in 2015. The objective of this study is to explore the molecular characteristics, genetic relationship, pathogenicity and effective transmission vector of the first isolate Tomato-2022 of LELCV invading mainland China, and to provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and control of the virus disease.【Method】In 2022, a new disease of tomato occurred in Zengcheng District, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province. The diseased plants exhibited small leaf, curling and leaf tips whitening symptoms. Total DNA was extracted from two diseased samples, respectively, and used as template for PCR detection with degenerate Begomovirus primers AV494/CoPR. The full genome sequence of isolate Tomato-2022 was obtained by RCA amplification, gene cloning and sequencing from positive samples by PCR detection. The virus sequence was analyzed with BLASTn program and the representative isolate sequences with high similarity were downloaded. Further the sequence similarity was compared using MUSCLE alignment of SDTv1.2 software. Phylogenetic analysis between isolate Tomato-2022 and the reported representative isolates with high similarity was performed using MEGA7.0. Infectious clone pGreenII0229-1.6A of isolate Tomato-2022 was constructed using restriction enzyme digestion and ligation. The infectious clone was inoculated to Nicotiana benthamiana leaves and tomato stems by Agrobacterium-mediated injection to determine its pathogenicity. The efficiency of Bemisia tabaci MEAM1 cryptic species transmitting isolate Tomato-2022 was determined by indoor artificial virus transmission method. PCR specific primers of LELCV were used to detect 135 diseased tomato samples collected from the main tomato producing areas of Guangdong Province from 2021 to 2023 to clarify the distribution of LELCV in Guangdong Province.【Result】The PCR detection result showed that two diseased tomato samples with small leaf, curling and leaf tips whitening symptoms were infected by begomoviruses. Gene cloning and sequence analysis indicated that the genome of the virus isolate Tomato-2022 contained only DNA-A, with a size of 2 757 nt, and encoded six ORFs. The comparison of sequence similarity showed that the genomic sequence of isolate Tomato-2022 had high similarity with LELCV isolates registered in GenBank, and had the highest similarity with LELCV Taiwan, China Eustoma grandiflorum isolates (LC091539, LC091538) at 98.33%. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that Tomato-2022 and 19 isolates of LELCV were clustered in a separate branch and had a close relationship. The constructed Tomato-2022 infectious clone pGreenII0229-1.6A was inoculated into N. benthamiana and tomato by Agrobacterium-mediated injection. At 10 days post-inoculation (dpi), the upper leaf margins of N. benthamiana showed slight upward curling symptoms, and new leaves of one tomato plant showed slight curling symptoms. At 18 dpi, N. benthamiana and tomato plants showed more obvious curling symptoms. As time went by, the symptoms of the inoculated plants became more and more obvious. At 30 dpi, N. benthamiana showed veins swelling and leaves severe curling symptoms, and the leaves of tomato plants showed curling and leaf tips whitening symptoms. The results of PCR showed that LELCV could be detected in both the inoculated plants. The indoor virus transmission experiments proved that B. tabaci MEAM1 cryptic species could efficiently transmit Tomato-2022. When each tomato plant was inoculated with 1, 5 and 10 MEAM1 B. tabaci fed LELCV for 48 h, the average virus transmission efficiency was 26.67%, 93.33% and 96.67%, respectively. LELCV was detected from 8 of 135 diseased tomato samples by PCR using specific primer, indicating that LELCV had been colonized in Guangdong Province【Conclusion】 Tomato-2022 is a new isolate of LELCV, and also the first isolate found in Chinese mainland. Its genome is a single-stranded circular DNA with a total length of 2 757 nt, encoding six ORFs. The virus isolate is the pathogen of tomato curl leaf and white tip disease in Guangdong Province, and can be efficiently transmitted by B. tabaci MEAM1 cryptic species.

Key words: lisianthus enation leaf curl virus (LELCV), tomato, infectious clone, pathogenicity, virus transmission efficiency of vector, Bemisia tabaci

Table 1

Sequences of primers used in this study"

引物名称
Primer name
引物序列
Primer sequence (5′-3′)
结合位置
Binding site
目的片段长度Product size (bp)
pz11-Xho I-F1(引入Xho I位点Introduction of
Xho I restriction enzyme site)
CTCGAGCTCAAGCAGAGAATGGCGTATATATC 1407-1432 2757
pz11-R1(含Pst I位点Contained Pst I restriction enzyme site) CTGCAGTGATGGGATCCCCTGTGCGTGAATC 1433-1463
pz11-F2(含Pst I位点Contained Pst I restriction enzyme site) AA CTGCAGCTCAAGCAGAGAATGGCGTATATATC 1407-1438 1664
0.6pz11-Xba I-R2(引入Xba I位点Introduction
of Xba I restriction enzyme site)
GC TCTAGAGTAAGCGAACAGTGTGGATAAG 2532-2553
LELCV-F TAATGATGCCTGGTACAACGTCATTG 1822-1847 816
LELCV-R CAGAAGTTATTTCTATGACTCCGTGACG 1032-1059
LE-F1 GTGGCAGTTAATGGATACAAAG 1471-1492 1126
LE-R1 CCACCCAGAAAATTCCAAATAAACGCC 2570-2596

Fig. 1

The field symptoms of white tip and curl leaf disease on tomato plants"

Fig. 2

The result of suspected disease samples detected with PCR"

Fig. 3

RCA products of total DNA of suspected disease sample digested with Pst I M: DL 5000 DNA Marker (TaKaRa); 1: Pst I"

Table 2

Nucleotide and amino acid sequence identities between the isolate Tomato-2022 and other 33 begomoviruses"

病毒名
Virus
分离物
Isolate
登录号
Accession
number
一致性Identity (%)
全序列
Total
sequence
基因
间隔区
IR
AV1 AV2 AC1 AC2 AC3 AC4
Nt Nt Nt AA Nt AA Nt AA Nt AA Nt AA Nt AA
LELCV BG-9 LC091539 98.33 96.27 99.48 100.00 98.45 98.44 98.34 97.22 98.53 97.78 97.53 94.78 98.63 97.92
BG-1 LC091538 98.33 96.27 99.61 100.00 98.71 98.44 98.15 98.33 99.02 98.52 97.78 96.27 98.97 98.96
HT19T347 MW248580 98.30 95.02 99.35 100.00 98.71 96.09 98.34 98.33 99.26 99.26 98.02 96.27 98.97 97.92
HT19T242 MW248577 98.26 96.67 99.48 99.61 97.93 96.09 98.25 98.61 98.77 98.52 97.28 94.78 99.31 98.96
HT19T340 MW248579 98.22 95.02 99.35 100.00 98.71 96.09 98.15 98.06 99.26 99.26 98.02 96.27 98.97 97.92
Japan:
Tomigusuku:
T326
LC642632 98.19 94.58 98.96 99.61 98.19 96.88 98.61 97.78 99.26 99.26 97.78 96.27 98.97 97.92
HT19T346 MW248578 98.11 94.61 99.22 99.61 98.71 96.09 98.06 98.33 99.26 99.26 98.02 96.27 98.63 96.88
CY19T09-3 MW248581 98.01 95.85 99.35 100.00 97.93 96.09 98.17 97.97 98.28 96.30 97.28 93.28 98.63 96.88
TN19T143 MW248582 97.13 95.44 99.33 99.50 97.42 96.09 96.12 95.83 98.28 97.04 97.28 94.78 95.88 93.75
ML19T484 MW248584 93.75 95.44 99.61 100.00 98.45 96.88 91.57 91.39 78.77 75.37 88.40 82.84 98.97 97.92
YL19T38 MW248583 93.71 97.03 99.35 100.00 98.71 96.88 91.11 91.39 80.49 76.87 88.64 82.09 98.97 97.92
CH19T127 MW248589 92.97 80.51 98.96 99.61 98.45 97.66 89.20 88.06 98.77 97.78 98.02 95.52 86.94 71.88
CH19T442 MW248592 92.97 82.56 99.48 99.61 98.23 96.43 89.10 87.78 98.53 97.04 97.78 96.27 85.57 66.67
TC19T115 MW248591 92.93 81.03 99.22 99.61 97.94 96.43 89.20 87.50 98.28 96.30 97.78 96.27 85.91 68.75
DC-1 MN692224 93.00 77.19 99.35 99.22 98.53 97.32 89.01 87.50 98.53 97.04 97.78 96.27 85.57 66.67
KH19T321 MW248588 92.93 84.10 99.22 99.61 98.45 96.09 88.74 87.78 98.53 97.04 97.53 94.78 85.57 68.75
TC19T111 MW248594 92.86 82.05 99.35 99.22 97.94 96.43 89.20 87.50 97.55 96.24 97.28 96.24 85.91 67.71
CY19T213 MW248590 92.86 82.56 99.22 99.61 98.23 96.43 89.38 87.78 98.53 97.04 96.54 94.03 86.94 71.88
IL19T405 MW248593 92.82 81.54 99.35 99.61 98.53 97.32 89.10 87.50 98.04 97.04 97.78 95.52 85.91 67.71
HT1528 MW248586 92.75 83.59 99.36 95.19 98.19 96.09 88.46 87.50 98.28 96.30 97.28 94.03 86.25 69.79
KH19T328 MW248587 92.53 83.59 99.09 99.61 98.19 96.09 88.18 87.22 97.79 95.56 97.28 94.03 85.91 69.79
HC19T477 MW248585 88.91 84.30 99.61 100.00 98.45 96.09 83.06 83.33 79.01 76.12 88.64 82.84 87.29 73.96
TYLCTHV Chiang Mai AY514630 85.25 78.17 95.60 99.22 96.46 95.54 77.25 78.61 80.00 76.87 87.65 79.10 74.31 43.75
Y72 AJ495812 84.09 77.39 92.61 98.83 95.28 94.64 77.04 78.89 80.49 78.36 88.89 81.34 72.22 39.58
Sakon Nakhon AY514632 83.67 75.55 91.31 93.75 88.20 83.04 77.04 78.61 80.00 76.87 87.65 79.85 73.52 42.71
ToLCTV T2-4 GU723730 76.62 69.27 73.80 79.69 74.93 70.54 80.07 83.33 81.13 69.63 81.39 79.10 76.66 47.92
NS1 JQ867093 76.45 76.15 73.80 78.91 73.45 70.54 79.54 82.78 80.15 69.63 80.15 73.88 74.65 46.88
PaLCuCNV G8 AJ558124 77.02 77.58 75.10 81.64 75.52 70.54 79.30 81.67 80.15 71.11 78.02 72.39 71.72 41.67
GX4 FN297834 76.93 73.52 74.84 81.64 76.40 69.64 79.87 78.65 79.41 70.37 79.01 73.13 74.91 45.83
TYLCV Almeria AJ489258 75.73 75.11 73.15 73.44 74.04 72.32 79.83 79.27 76.30 63.70 77.04 70.90 78.82 46.88
ToLCGxV GX-1 AM236784 81.60 76.36 83.40 91.41 73.75 67.86 84.86 86.11 81.37 74.07 79.26 73.88 86.94 72.92
TYLCGdV G3 AY602166 78.14 73.87 75.62 81.25 76.40 72.32 80.26 80.28 82.35 77.04 83.37 74.63 75.26 44.79
ToLCGdV G2 AY602165 77.48 73.49 74.71 81.25 76.11 72.32 79.26 80.56 82.60 77.04 84.29 73.88 79.07 58.82

Fig. 4

Phylogenetic dendrograms of the isolate LELCV-Tomato-2022 and other 33 begomoviruses based on full-length sequences"

Fig. 5

PCR detection with LELCV specific primer for suspected disease samples in Guangdong Province"

Fig. 6

Symptoms and PCR detection result of plants inoculated with LELCV-Tomato-2022"

Table 3

Efficiency of LELCV transmitted by MEAM1 cryptic species of B. tabaci"

接虫量
Insect
inoculation amount
(/plant)
处理I Treatment I 处理II Treatment II 平均传毒效率
Average virus transmission efficiency
(%)
接种株数
Number of inoculated plants
病株数
Number of diseased plants
PCR检测
阳性株数
Number of PCR positive plants
传毒效率
Virus transmission efficiency (%)
接种株数
Number of inoculated plants
病株数
Number of diseased plants
PCR检测
阳性株数
Number of PCR positive plants
传毒效率
Virus transmission efficiency (%)
1 15 5 5 33.33 15 3 3 20.00 26.67
5 15 14 14 93.33 15 14 14 93.33 93.33
10 15 14 14 93.33 15 15 15 100.00 96.67

Fig. 7

Symptom (A) and PCR detection (B) on tomato plants infected with LELCV transmitted by 10 MEAM1 cryptic species of B. tabaci"

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