长期施用氮肥对黑土和风沙土根际微生物群落结构及功能的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2025.03.009

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】This study investigated the differential responses of rhizosphere microbial communities, keystones and indicators to nitrogen fertilizer application in black and sandy soils under identical climatic conditions. The aim of this study was to provide a scientific basis for guiding precision fertilization and promoting green production. 【Method】This study was based on a long-term field experiment (12 years) involving nitrogen fertilizer application in a maize continuous cropping system in Jilin Province. The experimental design included two main treatments: sandy soil and black soil. Under each main treatment, three nitrogen levels were applied: 0 (N0), 168 kgN·hm^-2 (N168), and 312 kgN·hm^-2 (N312). Utilizing high-throughput sequencing technology, the differential impacts of long-term nitrogen fertilizer application on the composition, structure, and functional attributes of rhizosphere microbe communities in both black soil and sandy soil were studied. 【Result】Long-term nitrogen fertilizer application significantly decreased the Alpha diversity and changed the community structure of rhizosphere microbes in both black and sandy soils. The greatest impact was observed under N312 treatment, which significantly reduced Alpha diversity by 2.6%-7.5%. The impact of the same nitrogen application on the rhizosphere microbes was more pronounced in sandy soil than in black soil. Species analysis indicated that nitrogen fertilizer application significantly increased the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes and Patescibacteria phylum and decreased the relative abundance of Frimicutes and Chloroflexi, with the N312 treatment having the greatest impact (80%-90%) in both black and sandy soils. Co-occurrence network analysis revealed that the impact of nitrogen fertilizer application on the network structure was greater in sandy soil than in black soil. Moreover, nitrogen fertilizer application significantly influenced 43% of the keystone species in black soil and all keystone species in sandy soil. Random forest analysis indicated that the impact of nitrogen fertilizer application on indicators was more pronounced in sandy soil than in black soil. Compared with N0, the N168 and N312 treatments had no specific indicator species in black soils, whereas two specific indicators were identified under these two treatments in sandy soil, belonging to the Intrasporangiaceae family of the Actinomycetes phylum and the Noviherbaspirillum genus of the Proteobacteria phylum. PICRUSt2 functional prediction revealed that nitrogen fertilizer application significantly affected 88.5% of nitrogen transformation-related functional genes in black soil and 96.2% in sandy soil, with a greater influence observed at higher nitrogen application rates. 【Conclusion】The research findings suggested that nitrogen fertilizer application significantly reduced the diversity of rhizosphere microbial communities, and changed the community structure and species composition characteristics, resulting in significant differences in nitrogen transformation-related functional genes. The overall impact of nitrogen fertilizer application on rhizosphere microbes was more pronounced in sandy soil than in black soil, with a greater influence observed at higher nitrogen application rates. Therefore, it was important to further promote N fertilizer reduction in black and sandy soils to maintain the stability of rhizosphere microbial community structure in farmland.

Key words: nitrogen fertilizer application, black soil, sandy soil, microbial community, indicator, keystone

WANG Zhao, ZHANG Bing, DONG SiQi, HU YuXi, QI ShuYu, FENG GuoZhong, GAO Qiang, ZHOU Xue. Effects of Long-Term Nitrogen Fertilizer Application on the Rhizosphere Microbial Community Structure and Function in Black Soil and Sandy Soil[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2025, 58(3): 520-536.

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处理 Treatment	放线菌门 Actinobacteria	变形菌门 Proteobacteria	酸杆菌门 Acidobacteria	绿弯菌门 Chloroflexi	芽单胞菌门 Gemmatimonadete	拟杆菌门 Bacteroidetes	疣微菌门 Verrucomicrobia	Patescibacteria	厚壁菌门 Frimicutes	浮霉菌门 Planctomycetes
BN0	36.82	29.79	10.33	8.89	5.31	2.38	1.78	0.86	0.72	0.64
BN168	40.77	29.89	8.45	6.25	4.48	3.39	1.64	1.38	0.53	0.45
BN312	42.12	32.79	6.04	4.73	4.29	4.87	1.18	1.82	0.46	0.28
BN168-BN0	3.95^***	1.21	-1.88^***	-2.64^***	-0.83^***	0.99^***	-0.16	0.52^***	-0.19	-0.19^***
BN312-BN0	5.28^***	2.98^***	-4.29^***	-4.16^***	-1.01^***	2.47^***	-0.62^**	0.96^***	-0.26^*	-0.36^***

处理 Treatment	放线菌门 Actinobacteria	变形菌门 Proteobacteria	酸杆菌门 Acidobacteria	绿弯菌门 Chloroflexi	拟杆菌门 Bacteroidetes	芽单胞菌门 Gemmatimonadete	Patescibacteria	疣微菌门 Verrucomicrobia	厚壁菌门 Frimicutes	浮霉菌门Planctomycetes
SN0	47.99	27.08	7.53	6.88	2.37	3.25	0.94	1.11	1.02	0.33
SN168	39.94	38.70	6.99	3.16	4.01	2.46	1.34	1.07	0.75	0.37
SN312	48.78	33.25	4.96	1.69	4.64	1.90	2.45	0.37	0.67	0.38
SN168-SN0	-8.05^***	11.62^***	-0.54	-3.72^**	1.64^***	-0.79	0.39^***	-0.04	-0.25^**	0.04
SN312-SN0	0.79	6.17^***	-2.57^***	5.19^***	2.23^***	-1.35^***	1.51^***	-0.74^**	-0.33^**	0.05

处理 Treatment	节点数 Node	边数 Edge	平均度 Average degree	平均加权度 Average weighted degree	图密度 Density	模块化 Modularity	正相关 Positive correlation (%)	负相关 Negative correlation (%)
BN0	62	136	3.198	3.152	0.038	0.905	50.74	49.26
BN168	35	123	2.964	2.939	0.036	0.896	61.79	38.21
BN312	58	106	2.437	2.391	0.028	0.894	50.94	49.06
SN0	67	129	2.835	2.777	0.034	0.895	54.26	45.74
SN168	60	117	2.819	2.774	0.032	0.867	51.28	48.72
SN312	60	105	2.386	2.358	0.027	0.867	53.33	46.67

Effects of Long-Term Nitrogen Fertilizer Application on the Rhizosphere Microbial Community Structure and Function in Black Soil and Sandy Soil

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