Scientia Agricultura Sinica ›› 2025, Vol. 58 ›› Issue (14): 2904-2913.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2025.14.014

• ANIMAL SCIENCE·VETERINARY SCIENCE • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Effects of Chlorogenic Acid on Rumen Methane Emission, Fermentation Parameters and Performance of Late Lactating Cows Based on the GreenFeed System

LI XiaoPeng1,2(), LIU YunLong1, CUI JiaJun1,3, TU Yan1,*(), JIANG LinShu2,*(), CHENG ShuRu3   

  1. 1 Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081
    2 Beijing Key Laboratory of Dairy Cow Nutrition/College of Animal Science and Technology, Beijing Agricultural University, Beijing 102206
    3 College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730000
  • Received:2024-12-24 Accepted:2025-06-19 Online:2025-07-17 Published:2025-07-17
  • Contact: TU Yan, JIANG LinShu

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Abstract:

【Objective】Methane (CH4) emission from ruminants constitutes a significant portion of greenhouse gas emission from the livestock industry. Reducing CH4 emissions is essential for achieving low-carbon development in livestock production. This experiment aimed to measure CH4 emissions from late lactating cows using the GreenFeed system, and to evaluate the effects of chlorogenic acid supplementation on rumen CH4 emissions, fermentation parameters, and production performance of lactating cows, so as to provide a theoretical basis for the application of chlorogenic acid as a feed additive for CH4 emission mitigation in practical production settings. 【Method】A one-way completely randomized experimental design was used to select 30 lactating Holstein cows ((170.07 ± 57.81) days in lactation). The cows were divided into two groups, each with 15 replicates (one cow per replicate). The control group received a basal diet, while the treatment group was supplemented with 20 g of chlorogenic acid per cow per day in addition to the basal diet. The experiment lasted 10 weeks, including a 2-week pre-trial period and an 8-week main trial period. CH4 emissions were measured using the GreenFeed system during the test period. Samples of rumen fluid, blood, milk, and feces were collected during the final week for subsequent analysis, and CH4 emission intensity was calculated based on the average CH4 emissions and milk production during trial period. 【Result】Compared with the control group, (1) Chlorogenic acid supplementation significantly reduced daily CH4 emissions and CH4 emission intensity relative to milk production (P<0.05).Chlorogenic acid had no significant effects on milk yield, 4% fat-corrected milk (4% FCM), energy-corrected milk (ECM), milk fat percentage, lactose percentage, somatic cell count (SCC), or milk solids (P>0.05). However, it increased milk protein content (P<0.05) and decreased milk urea nitrogen (MUN) levels (P<0.01).(2) Chlorogenic acid did not significantly affect rumen pH, ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N), or total volatile fatty acid (TVFA) concentrations (P>0.05). However, it increased the proportion of propionic acid (P<0.05), decreased the proportion of butyric acid (P<0.01), and lowered the acetic acid-to-propionic acid ratio (P<0.05).(3) Chlorogenic acid significantly reduced serum total cholesterol (TC) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels (P<0.01), while it increased serum total protein (TP, P<0.01), albumin (ALB, P<0.05), and globulin (GLB, P<0.01). (4) Chlorogenic acid had no significant effect on the apparent digestibility of nutrients (P>0.05).【Conclusion】Supplementing lactating dairy cows’ diets with chlorogenic acid could reduce CH4 emissions by modulating rumen fermentation patterns. Additionally, it improved production performance by influencing protein metabolism, lipid metabolism, and immune function.

Key words: chlorogenic acid, methane, lactating cows, production performance, GreenFeed system

Table 1

Cattle data"

项目
Item		 组别 Group P
CON CGA
胎次 Parity 1.42±0.28 1.57+0.76 0.643
泌乳天数 Lactation days (d) 169.50±12.80 170.64±18.22 0.959
产奶量Milk yield (kg·d-1) 39.51±1.90 40.23±1.64 0.779

Table 2

Substrate composition and nutrient levels (DM basis, %)"

项目 Item 含量 Content
原料 Ingredient
全株玉米青贮 Whole corn silage 29.01
玉米压片 Corn grain flaked 8.96
苜蓿 Alfalfa hay 8.56
棉籽 Cottonseed 5.14
燕麦草 Oat hay 1.86
全脂膨化大豆 Whole puffed soybean 1.74
甜菜浆 Beet pulp 1.69
饱和脂肪酸 Saturated fatty acid 1.10
玉米胚芽粉 Corn germ meal 1.04
玉米酒糟 DDGS1) 0.99
过瘤胃脂肪酸 Undegradable fatty acids 0.54
精料补充料 Concentrate supplement 25.51
颗粒料 Pellet 13.84
营养水平 Nutrient levels2)
代谢能 ME (MJ·kg-1) 10.88
泌乳净能 NEL (MJ·kg-1) 6.99
粗蛋白 CP 15.10
粗脂肪 EE 7.23
淀粉 Starch 27.80
中性洗涤纤维 NDF 34.19
酸性洗涤纤维 ADF 19.04
钙 Ca 1.04
磷 P 0.43

Table 3

Effects of CGA supplementation on methane emission and milk yield in dairy cows"

项目
Item		 组别 Group SEM P
CON CGA 处理
Treatment		 时间
Time		 处理×时间
Treatment×Time
CH4排放量 CH4 emission (g·d-1) 426.01 401.60 10.079 <0.001 <0.001 0.005
CH4/产奶量 CH4/milk yield (g·kg-1) 12.31 11.35 0.345 <0.001 0.207 0.701
CH4/FCM (g·kg-1) 12.72 11.87 0.359 <0.001 0.152 0.626
CH4/ECM (g·kg-1) 12.19 11.31 0.343 <0.001 0.148 0.632
产奶量 Milk yield (kg) 36.92 37.11 1.094 0.702 0.024 0.764

Table 4

Effects of CGA supplementation on performance in dairy cows"

项目
Item		 组别 Group SED P
CON CGA
4%乳脂校正乳4%FCM (kg·d-1) 34.84 34.26 2.004 0.773
能量校正乳 ECM (kg·d-1) 36.16 36.18 2.076 0.992
乳脂率 Milk fat percentage (%) 3.88 3.64 0.159 0.147
乳蛋白率 Milk protein percentage (%) 3.30 3.44 0.062 0.043
乳糖率 Lactose percentage (%) 5.40 5.37 0.033 0.446
尿素氮 MUN (mg·dL-1) 11.69 10.48 0.422 0.008
体细胞数SCC,×103cells (mL) 75.20 68.60 24.001 0.785
乳固形物 Milk solid (%) 11.69 10.48 0.189 0.506
乳脂产量 Milk fat yield (kg·d-1) 1.38 1.32 0.089 0.505
乳蛋白产量 Milk protein (kg·d-1) 1.17 1.25 0.071 0.305
乳糖产量 Lactose yield (kg·d-1) 1.91 1.95 0.107 0.744

Table 5

Effects of CGA supplementation on rumen fermentation parameters"

项目
Item		 组别 Group SED P
CON CGA
pH 6.26 6.25 0.032 0.869
NH3-N (mg·dL-1) 12.10 13.52 0.585 0.237
总挥发酸 Total VFA (mmol·L-1) 142.35 139.21 4.662 0.749
乙酸Acetate (%) 58.17 57.12 0.590 0.392
丙酸Propionate (%) 21.32 25.09 0.874 0.025
异丁酸Isobutyrate (%) 0.96 1.04 0.035 0.289
丁酸Butyrate (%) 16.22 13.18 0.517 0.001
异戊酸Isovalerate (%) 1.31 1.48 0.053 0.115
戊酸Valertate (%) 2.01 2.09 0.059 0.534
乙酸/丙酸 Acetate/Propionate 2.74 2.34 0.100 0.040
乙酸+丁酸/丙酸 (Acetate+Butyrate)/Propionate 3.50 2.88 0.225 0.006

Table 6

Effect of CGA supplementation on blood biochemical indexes in lactating cows"

项目
Item		 组别 Group SED P
CON CGA
总胆固醇 TC (mmol·L-1) 7.86 6.28 0.493 0.006
甘油三酯 TG (mmol·L-1) 0.17 0.16 0.009 0.150
高密度脂蛋白 HDL (mmol·L-1) 3.48 3.46 0.134 0.882
低密度脂蛋白 LDL (mmol·L-1) 2.35 2.09 0.225 0.260
游离脂肪酸 NEFA (μmol·L-1) 0.10 0.13 0.018 0.105
血尿素氮 BUN (mmol·L-1) 6.10 5.07 0.269 0.002
总蛋白 TP (g·L-1) 73.09 82.73 1.742 <0.001
白蛋白 ALB (g·L-1) 33.25 34.42 0.492 0.033
球蛋白 GLB (g·L-1) 39.84 48.30 1.914 0.001
葡萄糖 GLU (mmol·L-1) 3.34 3.36 0.103 0.794
β-羟基丁酸BHBA (mmol·L-1) 0.78 0.79 0.061 0.829

Table 7

Effect of CGA supplementation on the digestibility of nutrients in lactating cows (%)"

项目
Item		 组别 Group SED P
CON CGA
干物质 DM 65.59 67.39 2.249 0.448
粗脂肪 EE 88.09 90.50 1.769 0.179
粗蛋白 CP 65.22 66.56 2.791 0.705
中性洗涤纤维 NDF 40.68 42.02 3.991 0.291
酸性洗涤纤维 ADF 39.47 39.98 3.927 0.222
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