Scientia Agricultura Sinica ›› 2020, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (23): 4950-4960.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2020.23.019

• ANIMAL SCIENCE·VETERINARY SCIENCE·RESOURCE INSECT • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Effects of Dietary Small Peptides on Production Performance and Expression of PepT1 mRNA in Digestive Tract of Fattening Yaks

MIAO JianJun(),PENG ZhongLi(),GAO YanHua,BAI Xue,XIE XinTing   

  1. College of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Southwest Minzu University/Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Ministry of Education, Chengdu 610041
  • Received:2019-12-11 Accepted:2020-05-12 Online:2020-12-01 Published:2020-12-09
  • Contact: ZhongLi PENG E-mail:332779037@qq.com;leo3131@163.com

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Abstract:

【Objective】This study investigated the effects of dietary small peptides on production performance, apparent digestibility of nutrients, blood indexes and expression of PepT1 mRNA in digestive tract of fattening yaks. 【Method】Health Maiwa male yaks (n=36, (180.98±20.57) kg body weight) were divided into 4 groups in a randomized complete block design, and each group had 9 male yaks. And they were fed 4 types of total mixed ratio diet with small peptides additions of 0, 0.75%, 1.50% and 2.25%, respectively. There was a pre-experimental period of 30 days, followed by a trial period of 80 days. Every yak’s weight was recorded before and after the trial begins, and the feed intake was also recorded every day. During the last week of the trial period, the fecal grab samples were collected for 3 consecutive days from each yak for routine analysis of nutrients. And five yaks were selected from each group to collect jugular vein blood and prepare serum to determine serum biochemical and immune indicators. At the end of the trial period, 5 yaks with blood collected were slaughtered, and the rumen, reticulum, omasum, abomasum, duodenum, jejunum, and ileum tissue were collected to determine the expression of PepT1 mRNA by using real time quantitative PCR. 【Result】(1) With the level of small peptides increasing, the dry matter intake, average daily gain and the feed gain ratio showed quadratic variation (P<0.05). The group with the best production performance was the 2.25% group. Compared with the control group and the 0.75% group, the dry matter intake and average daily gain were significant improved in the 2.25% group, but the feed gain ratio was significant decreased in the 2.25% group. (2) With increasing of small peptides levels, the degradation rate of neutral detergent fibre and acid detergent fibre linearly increased (P<0.01); the degradation rate of organic matter and crude protein presented quadratic variation (P<0.05). The 2.25% group had the highest digestibility. No significant difference existed between the degradation rate of calcium and phosphorus in four groups (P>0.05). (3) Across the range of small peptides supplementation levels, the content of alanine aminotransferase linearly decreased (P<0.05); the content of urea nitrogen linearly increased (P<0.05); the total protein showed linearly increased trend (P<0.10), and the content of aspartate aminotransferase showed quadratic variation (P<0.05). There were no significant effects on the content of alkaline phosphatase, glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride and immunoglobulins (IgG, IgA and IgM) in yak serum by adding different levels of small peptides. (4) The expression of PepT1 mRNA in the digestive tract of yaks from the highest to the lowest was the jejunum, ileum, duodenum, reticulum, omasum, rumen, and abomasum, while the expression of PepT1 mRNA in jejunum was significantly higher than that of the other gastrointestinal tracts (P<0.05). The expression of PepT1 mRNA in abdomen was significantly lower than those of jejunum and ileum. No significant difference was found between the expression of PepT1 mRNA in ileum, duodenum, reticulum, omasum, and rumen. With increasing of small peptides levels from 0 to 2.25%, the expression of PepT1 mRNA in rumen, reticulum and jejunum linearly increased (P<0.05), and small peptides levels had no significant effect on the expression of PepT1 mRNA in omasum, abomasum, duodenum and ileum (P>0.05). 【Conclusion】 In conclusion, dietary small peptides could improve the production performance, apparent digestibility of nutrients, liver function of fattening yaks, and promote the transport and absorption of small peptides in the digestive tract. In this research, the appropriate level of dietary small peptides of yaks was 2.25%.

Key words: small peptides, fattening yaks, production performance, apparent digestibility of nutrients, blood indexes, expression of PepT1 mRNA

Table 1

Composition and content of amino acid in the peptide (DM basis, %)"

氨基酸 Amino acid 含量Content（%） 氨基酸 Amino acid 含量 Content（%）
缬氨酸Valine 2.27 赖氨酸Lysine 2.52
亮氨酸Leucine 2.76 组氨酸Histidine 1.28
异亮氨酸Isoleucine 1.60 苏氨酸Threonine 1.40
蛋氨酸Methionine 0.66 甘氨酸Glicine 2.27
胱氨酸Cystine 0.85 丙氨酸Alanine 1.86
苯丙氨酸Phenylalanine 2.25 脯氨酸Proline 1.94
酪氨酸Tyrosine 1.21 丝胺酸Serine 1.75
色氨酸Tryptophan 0.44 谷氨酸Glutamic 4.20
精氨酸Arginine 4.74 天冬酰胺Asparagine Acid 9.55

Table 2

The diet composition and nutrient components (DM basis, %)"

原料
Ingredient		 小肽添加水平 Addition levels of small peptide
0 0.75% 1.50% 2.25%
玉米Corn 35.00 35.00 35.00 35.00
豆粕Soybean meal 7.00 7.00 7.00 7.00
玉米酒精糟及可溶物 Distiller dried grains with solubles 4.70 3.95 3.20 2.45
磷脂粉Phosphatide powder 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.75
碳酸钙 CaCO3 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.60
氯化钠NaCl 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50
碳酸氢钠 NaHCO3 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50
预混料1) Premix 0.95 0.95 0.95 0.95
小肽 Small peptide 0 0.75 1.50 2.25
发酵酒糟 Fermented distillers,grains 25.00 25.00 25.00 25.00
玉米秸秆青贮Corn straw silage 25.00 25.00 25.00 25.00
合计Total 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00
营养水平2) Nutrient levels
干物质 DM 69.62 69.63 69.65 69.64
增重净能 Neg (MJ·kg--1) 4.63 4.63 4.64 4.64
粗蛋白 CP 14.54 14.56 14.60 14.63
粗脂肪 EE 3.05 3.04 3.05 3.06
中性洗涤纤维 NDF 30.04 29.94 29.87 29.76
酸性洗涤纤维 ADF 16.68 16.59 16.48 16.38
钙 Ca 0.65 0.64 0.64 0.64
总磷 P 0.52 0.51 0.51 0.51

Table 3

Primer sequence"

目的基因 Target gene 引物名称 Primer name 引物序列 Primer sequence 片段大小 Fragment size（bp）
Pep T1 PepT1_2F TGTCGCTGTCCATCGTCTA 78
PepT1_2R GGTTGAAGTCCGTGAGGTC
18S 18S_1F CAACACGGGAAACCTCACC 118
18S_1R CCCAGACAAATCGCTCCAC

Table 4

Effects of dietary small peptides levels on production performance of fattening yaks"

项目
Items		 小肽添加水平Addition levels of small peptide P值 P value
0 0.75% 1.50% 2.25% T L Q
初重IBW (kg) 180.67±27.98 180.22±28.51 181.25±33.38 181.78±27.97 1.000 0.919 0.994
末重FBW (kg) 230.00±34.54 227.56±35.25 238.75±26.74 257.11±31.77 0.224 0.060 0.110
平均日增重ADG (kg·d-1) 0.64±0.15B 0.61±0.13B 0.72±0.13B 0.91±0.09A 0.001 <0.001 <0.001
干物质采食量DMI (kg·d-1) 4.84±0.59b 4.79±0.41b 5.12±0.44ab 5.48±0.56a 0.024 0.005 0.009
料重比F/G 8.07±1.72a 8.32±1.86a 7.35±1.59ab 5.95±0.72b 0.014 0.004 0.005

Table 5

Effects of dietary small peptides levels on nutrients apparent digestibility of fattening yaks (%)"

项目
Items		 小肽添加水平Addition levels of small peptide P值 P value
0 0.75% 1.50% 2.25% T L Q
有机物OM 64.91±0.86ab 63.34±2.25b 65.71±1.03a 67.13±1.55a 0.011 0.016 0.010
蛋白质CP 51.30±3.61b 50.71±3.81b 53.29±1.42ab 54.11±2.25a 0.025 0.006 0.019
酸性洗涤纤维ADF 47.11±2.60B 49.19±3.40B 53.04±3.83A 54.02±1.86A 0.002 <0.001 <0.001
中性洗涤纤维NDF 50.34±1.12C 51.55±1.52C 55.03±2.83B 58.62±0.76A 0.001 <0.001 <0.001
钙Ca 58.08±4.53 57.01±4.39 60.21±4.60 59.50±3.63 0.374 0.373 0.680
磷P 53.61±5.75 53.61±0.82 54.39±5.10 54.07±8.51 0.996 0.853 0.981

Table 6

Effects of dietary small peptides levels on serum metabolites of fattening yaks"

项目
Items		 小肽添加水平Addition levels of small peptide P值 P value
0 0.75% 1.50% 2.25% T L Q
谷丙转氨酶ALT (U/L) 39.88±5.54 35.60±3.14 33.95±1.45 32.37±3.87 0.099 0.013 0.039
谷草转氨酶AST (U/L) 80.45±13.02a 79.50±12.66a 59.00±5.64b 63.05±8.35b 0.024 0.011 0.040
碱性磷酸酶ALP (U/L) 157.23±28.74 138.25±15.03 134.80±21.98 135.48±15.87 0.480 0.192 0.284
总蛋白TP (g·L-1) 70.60±6.95 73.43±1.82 76.10±2.79 75.98±2.87 0.322 0.068 0.165
尿素氮UN (mmol·L-1) 5.15±0.86 5.53±0.61 5.70±0.68 6.44±0.85 0.148 0.022 0.070
葡萄糖GLU (mmol·L-1) 4.63±0.21 4.63±0.18 4.66±0.36 4.86±0.39 0.686 0.294 0.471
胆固醇CHO (mmol·L-1) 2.14±0.37 2.05±0.13 1.92±0.35 1.88±0.14 0.790 0.298 0.587
甘油三酯TG (mmol·L-1) 0.33±0.05 0.33±0.10 0.32±0.03 0.29±0.07 0.763 0.312 0.548

Table 7

Effects of dietary small peptides levels on serum immunity indexes of fattening yaks"

项目
Items (mg·mL-1)		 小肽添加水平Addition levels of small peptide P值 P value
0 0.75% 1.50% 2.25% T L Q
IgG 13.78±1.37 14.01±1.79 14.40±1.20 14.39±1.49 0.899 0.481 0.744
IgA 6.95±2.57 6.64±1.73 6.10±0.64 7.24±1.54 0.871 0.810 0.723
IgM 1.56±0.19 1.49±0.18 1.79±0.09 1.59±0.18 0.196 0.539 0.506

Fig. 1

Tissue expression characteristics of PepT1 mRNA in the digestive tract of fattening yaks Columns with different letter mean significant difference（P<0.05）"

Table 8

Effects of dietary small peptides levels on the expression of PepT1 mRNA in the digestive tract of fattening yaks"

项目
Items		 小肽添加水平Addition levels of small peptide P值 P value
0 0.75% 1.50% 2.25% T L Q
瘤胃Rumen 0.79±0.31b 0.86±0.19b 1.31±0.92b 2.44±1.07a 0.028 0.006 0.009
网胃Reticulum 0.82±0.39 1.06±0.52 1.82±0.96 2.31±1.20 0.101 0.011 0.043
瓣胃Omasum 1.44±0.80 1.37±0.34 1.42±0.46 1.28±0.36 0.979 0.739 0.944
皱胃Abomasum 1.15±0.69 0.72±0.25 0.83±0.39 0.75±0.29 0.882 0.552 0.768
十二指肠Duodenum 2.19±0.32 3.31±0.97 2.14±0.59 2.08±0.56 0.318 0.546 0.469
空肠Jejunum 8.61±2.92 9.17±3.80 14.73±4.95 16.74±5.09 0.109 0.016 0.059
回肠Ileum 3.98±0.71 4.57±0.91 4.97±0.89 4.39±0.37 0.739 0.602 0.537
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