Scientia Agricultura Sinica ›› 2024, Vol. 57 ›› Issue (19): 3770-3783.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2024.19.005

• TILLAGE & CULTIVATION·PHYSIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY·AGRICULTURE INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Study on the Correlation Between Cold Resistance of Maize and Its Ability of Optimizing Sugar Composition at Low Temperature

GU YinHe1(), ZHAO WenQing1, SHI DaiWei2, HU Wei1, WANG ShanShan1, ZHOU ZhiGuo1, WANG YouHua1()   

  1. 1 College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Management, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production (JCIC-MCP), Nanjing 210095
    2 Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and Forestry, Zhenjiang 212000, Jiangsu
  • Received:2024-03-11 Accepted:2024-08-30 Online:2024-10-01 Published:2024-10-09
  • Contact: WANG YouHua

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Abstract:

【Objective】The low temperature in maize seeding stage will lead to reduction of photosynthesis, phosphorus and other nutrient absorption, which will lead to changes in metabolites, growth retardation, or even death. This study aimed to clarify the mechanism of cold-tolerance formation in maize seedlings, and to explore the changes of saccharides and their relationship with phosphorus uptake among different maize varieties at low temperatures, it provides theoretical basis for stress-resistant cultivation of maize. 【Method】Demeiya 3 (DMY3, cold-tolerant variety) and Hongdan 6 (HD6, cold-sensitive variety) that have similar phenotype were screened out in the previous study, which were selected as research materials in this study. Maize seedlings were cultivated in pots, and 28/22 ℃ (day/night) and 15/8 ℃ (day/night) were set as control and low temperature, respectively. Samplings were taken at 0, 1, 3, 5, and 7 d after treatment starts. The changes of phenotypic indexes, such as plant biomass, and growth-related indexes, such as leaf anthocyanin phosphorus absorption rate and carbohydrate content, were measured. 【Result】(1) After low-temperature treatment, morphological indexes, such as plant height, root length and fresh weight of the two varieties, were significantly lower than those of the control. However, the root-shoot biomass ratio increased continuously. The significant differences associated with low-temperature-tolerance were found between the two varieties emerged under 3-5 days of treatment. (2) Low temperature significantly increased the content of sucrose, glucose and starch in the leaves, and most of the increasement in the low-temperature-sensitive variety Hongdan 6 were higher than that in the low-temperature-tolerant variety Demeiya 3, but the increase of glucose content was lower than that in the low temperature tolerant varieties. (3) With low temperature stress, the seedling had a tendency to increase the non-reducing/reducing sugars ratio, soluble sugar/amino acid ratio (C/N ratio) and starch/soluble sugars ratio. The increasement of temporary-storage-sugar (starch/sucrose) and monosaccharide/disaccharide ratios (glucose/sucrose) were higher in the low-temperature-tolerant variety than that in the low-temperature-sensitive variety. (4) With low temperature treatment, the rate of phosphorus uptake by roots decreased significantly, and the rate of uptake was slower in the low-temperature-sensitive variety than that in the low-temperature-tolerant variety. (5) As the treat prolongated, the Pi content gradually decreased, while the anthocyanin content kept increasing. And a negative correlation between the content of Pi and anthocyanin was observed, and the correlation was stronger in the low-temperature-sensitive variety than in the low-temperature-tolerant variety. (6) The increase of sucrose or the decrease of starch would probably reduce the accumulation of biomass, meanwhile, which induced the production of anthocyanin, as well as lots of secondary metabolites. 【Conclusion】Low temperature led to the inhibition of phosphorus uptake in maize seedlings, and the content and composition in leaves were significantly altered. At low temperature condition, the increase of sucrose content was an important cause led to anthocyanin accumulation. The increase of starch and glucose was likely active responses of plants to adapt to low temperature, while the increase of sucrose, soluble sugar, fructose and anthocyanin seemed to be passive responses. The decrease of Pi content and the morphological growth indexes on seedlings were the adverse consequences of low temperature stress, and its magnitude associated with the low-temperature-tolerance of the maize varieties.

Key words: maize, seedling, low temperature, phosphorus uptake disorder, carbohydrate

Fig. 1

Diurnal variation of temperature in light incubator"

Fig. 2

Changes of important phenotypes of maize seedlings"

Table 1

Changes of root-shoot ratio at low temperature"

农艺性状
Economical character		 品种
Variety		 处理
Treatment		 胁迫时间 Stress time（d） △t
3 d 5 d
地上部鲜重
Fresh weight on the ground
（g/plant）		 红单6号 HD6 CK 3.14a 3.49a 0.35
LT 2.74b 2.82c 0.08
德美亚3号 DMY3 CK 3.11a 3.52a 0.41
LT 2.8b 3.01b 0.21
地下部鲜重
Sub-ground fresh weight
（g/plant）		 红单6号 HD6 CK 1.32a 1.51ab 0.19
LT 1.2b 1.28c 0.08
德美亚3号 DMY3 CK 1.33a 1.53a 0.20
LT 1.31a 1.48b 0.17
根冠比Root shoot ratio
 红单6号 HD6 CK 0.42b 0.43c 0.01
LT 0.44ab 0.45b 0.01
德美亚3号 DMY3
 CK 0.43b 0.43c 0.00
LT 0.47a 0.49a 0.02

Fig. 3

Changes of carbohydrate content in leaves of different maize varieties seedlings under low temperature Δt is the average relative change in carbohydrate content for 3 d and 5 d of the low-temperature treatment, and the inset plots show the amount of change in carbohydrate content after 3-5 d LT-CK"

Fig. 4

Changes of substance distribution in leaves after 5 days of sugar accumulation"

Table 2

Path analysis of carbohydrate and biomass in leaves"

品种
Variety		 因变量Y
Dependent variable Y		 自变量X
Independent variable X		 逐步回归方程
Stepwise regression equation		 直接通径系数
Direct path coefficient		 决定系数
Determinant coefficient
德美亚3号
DMY3		 鲜重
Fresh weight		 X1蔗糖 Sucrose Y=5.779-0.397X1-0.724X3+0.126X4 -0.661 0.928*
X3葡萄糖Glucose -0.584
X4淀粉Starch 0.112
红单6号
HD6		 鲜重
Fresh weight		 X1蔗糖Sucrose Y=7.334-0.71X1+0.131X2+0.086X4 -0.694 0.914*
X2果糖Fructose 0.112
X4淀粉 Starch 0.173

Fig. 5

Kinetic curve of phosphorus absorption under different treatments"

Table 3

Absorption kinetic parameters under different treatments"

品种 Variety 处理 Treatment Vmax (μmol·g-1·h-1) Km (mmol·L-1) R2
德美亚3号
DMY3		 CK 55.8a 3.9c 0.982
LT 29.7b 4.3b 0.931
红单6号
HD6		 CK 60.5a 4.1bc 0.964
LT 22.9c 4.8a 0.915

Fig. 6

Variation and correlation analysis of leaf anthocyanin and Pi content"

Fig. 7

Correlation analysis carbohydrate and anthocyanin in seedlings"

Fig. 8

Resonance analysis of main morphological and physiological indexes between “normal temperature-low temperature” and “low temperature sensitive variety-low temperature tolerant variety” The data of different dimensions in the figure are normalized and mapped to the range of [-1,1]"

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