Scientia Agricultura Sinica ›› 2023, Vol. 56 ›› Issue (6): 1189-1203.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2023.06.014

• ANIMAL SCIENCE·VETERINARY SCIENCE • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Formation and Function of Paraspeckle During Pre-implantation Embryos Development in Yak

PAN YangYang1,2(), WANG JingLei1,2, WANG Meng1,2, WANG LiBin1,2, ZHANG Qian1,2, CHEN Rui1, ZHANG TianTian1, CUI Yan1,2, XU GengQuan1,2, FAN JiangFeng1,2, YU SiJiu1,2()   

  1. 1 College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070
    2 Gansu Province Livestock Embryo Engineering Research Center, Lanzhou 730070
  • Received:2021-11-23 Accepted:2022-04-28 Online:2023-03-16 Published:2023-03-23

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Abstract:

【Objective】 The aim of present study was to identify of paraspeckle formation stages during the early embryonic development in yak (Bos grunniens). Furthermore, the long non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs) involved in paraspeckle formation were determined, and the effects and regulatory mechanism of their formation on the subsequent developmental ability of yak embryos were studied. 【Method】 The yak embryos were produced by in vitro fertilization (IVF), DAPI staining of embryonic nuclei combined with paraspeckle protein 1 (PSPC1) mRNA detection were done by quantitative real-time fluorescence PCR (qRT-PCR) at different stages in order to confirm paraspeckle formation. PSPC1 protein in embryos was verified by immunofluorescence technique. The levels of encoding nuclear paraspeckle assembly transcript 1 (NEAT1), coactivator associated arginine methyl transferase 1 (CARM1) and non-POU domain containing octamer-binding protein (p54nrb) mRNAs were also detected by qRT-PCR at different stages. The mRNA level of PSPC1 in zygote was inhibited by RNA interference technology, and the developmental rate of embryos in subsequent stages was compared. The blastocyst quality was evaluated by analyzing the number of total cells, trophoblast cells (TE) and inner cell mass (ICM). B-cell lymphoma/leukemia-2 (Bcl-2) and b-cell lymphoma/leukemia associated X protein (Bax) in blastocysts form in the control and PSPC1 mRNA interference groups was detected. 【Result】 (1) Paraspeckle could be observed in the nuclei of embryos at all different stages; however, nuclei could be more clearly seen at 2-cell stage and 4-cell stage. The PSPC1 mRNA was higher in yak embryos from 2-cell to morula stage, which was the highest in embryos at 4-cell embryos and morula. The fluorescence intensity of PSPC1 protein was the strongest in embryos from those stages. (2) The levels of NEAT1, CARM1 and p54nrb mRNA were higher from 2-cell to morula stage than that from other stages. NEAT1 and p54nrb were found to be highest in embryos at 4-cell stage, while CARM1 was not significantly different from 2-cell to morula stage (P>0.05). (3) The developmental rates of morula and blastocyst in PSPC1 mRNA interference group were reduced, which was more significantly reduced in morula rate. The total number of blastocyst cells in PSPC1 mRNA interference group was significantly lower than that in the control group, which was mainly caused by ICM reduction. There was no significant difference in number of TE between the two groups. (4) The levels of Bax mRNA and protein were enhanced in blastocyst form PSPC1 mRNA interference group, while the levels of Bcl-2 mRNA and protein were reduced in blastocyst, and the cell lysis was observed in ICM. 【Conclusion】 The paraspeckle was formed at 2-cell to morula stage transition in the yak embryo, which was more prominent in 4-cell stage. The expression of PSPC1, NEAT1, CRAM1 and p54nrb in the stages of paraspeckle formation were on high levels. Interference with PSPC1 mRNA in yak zygotes resulted in decreased developmental ability of subsequent embryo. The blastocyst quality was also reduced by inducing apoptosis of inner cell mass, which was also involved in the regulation of cell fate determination in early embryo development.

Key words: yak, paraspeckle, cell fate, apoptosis, LncRNAs

Fig. 1

The observation of yak embryo at different development stages A: Zygote; B: 2-4 cell embryo, the black arrows indicate 2 cell embryos; C: 4-8 cell embryo, the black arrows indicate 4 cell embryos and the blue arrows indicate morula; D: Blastocyst"

Table 1

The information of siRNAs for PSPC1 mRNA"

基因 Gene 正义链序列 Sense sequence 反义链序列 Antisense sequence
siRNA1 AAAUGCUUGCUCUAGUAGCUC GCUACUAGAGCAAGCAUUUUC
siRNA2 AGGUUUUGCUGCAAAUUCCAC GGAAUUUGCAGCAAAACCUCC
siRNA3 UUCUCUUUCCUUAUGAUACUG GUAUCAUAAGGAAAGAGAACA

Table 2

The information of primers used in Real-time PCR"

基因
Gene		 引物序列
Primer sequence（5'→3'）		 Tm (℃) 产物大小
Amplicon size (bp)		 GenBank登录号
GenBank accession No.
NEAT1 F:GAACTTGTCAATACCAGCAGC 56

 291 XR_001351403.1
R: CAACAACTTTCCCGTCTTACC
PSPC1 F :GGACATCACCGAGGACGACT 60 145 NM_001075277.1
R: GCCATCCAGCTCTGCTTTTG
P54nrb F:CTTTATCCGCTTGGAAACAC 55 209 NM_001046554.1
R:CCACAATGACTACAGCCCTC
CARM1 F:GTCATTCATCATCACCCTG 50 274 XM_024994894.1
R:AATCTTGTCCTTGAAGTCTGT
Bax F:TTTGCTTCAGGGTTTCATC 59 174 NM173894.1
R:CAGCTGCGATCATCCTCT
Bcl-2 F: CTGCACCTGACGCCCTTCAC 62 236 NM001166486.1
R: GCGTCCCAGCCTCCGTTGT
β-actin F:CTTCAACACCCCTGCCAT 60 238 JF830811
R: CTCGGCTGTGGTGGTGAAG

Fig. 2

Staining of yak embryos in different stages with DAPI A: Zygote; B: 2-cell embryo; C: 4-cell embryo; D: Morula; E: Red area in D; F: Blastocyst; The red arrow indicates the paraspeckles"

Fig. 3

Relative expression (mean ± SEM) of PSPC1, NEAT1, CARM1 and P54nrb mRNA in yak embryos at different stages A: PSPC1; B: NEAT1; C: CARM1; D: P54nrb; Bars with different superscripts are significantly different (P<0.05); The same superscripts are no significantly different (P>0.05)"

Fig. 4

Immunofluorescence localization of PSPC1 on yak embryos at different stages"

Fig. 5

Levels of PSPC1 mRNA in yak morula after PSPC1 mRNA was interfered at 12 h of IVF with different siRNAs Bars with different superscripts are significantly different (P<0.05); the same superscripts are no significantly different (P>0.05)"

Table 3

Developmental competence of yak zygote after PSPC1 mRNA was interfered at 12 h of IVF"

组别
Group		 4细胞胚胎数
No. of 4-cell embryos		 桑葚胚（发育率）
Morula (Development rate, %)		 囊胚率（发育率）
Blastocyst (Development rate, %)
Control 113 85（75.22 ± 3.32a） 35（41.17 ± 2.23%a）
siRNA1 115 67（58.26 ± 1.86b） 22（32.83 ± 1.54%b）

Fig. 6

Staining of yak blastocysts in different groups"

Table 4

Characterization of day-7 yak blastocysts from different treatments"

组别
Group		 总细胞数量
Total no. of cells		 TE细胞数量
No. of TE cells		 ICM细胞数量
No. of ICM cells
Control 102.45 ± 3.08a 81.40 ± 5.02a 21.07 ± 0.58a
siRNA1 98.80 ± 2.65b 80.00 ± 1.56a 18.80 ± 1.45b

Fig. 7

Statistic analysis of cell number in yak blastocysts from different groups Bars with * are significantly different (P<0.05)"

Fig. 8

mRNA detection for Bax and Bcl-2 in yak blastocysts from different groups A: Bax; B: Bcl-2; Bars with different letters are significantly different (P<0.05)"

Fig. 9

Protein detection for Bax and Bcl-2 in yak blastocysts from different groups A: The detection of Bax and Bcl-2 proteins blastocysts from different groups; B: Relative levels of Bax protein; C: Relative levels of Bcl-2 protein; Bars with different letters are significantly different (P<0.05)"

Fig. 10

Staining of Bax and Bcl-2 protein in yak blastocysts from different groups"

Fig. 11

Schematic diagram of paraspeckle formation and its functions during pre-implantation embryos development in yak Results showed that paraspeckle was formed at 2-cell to morula stage transition in the yak embryo. The expression of PSPC1 in combination with NEAT1, CRAM1 and p54nrb in the stages of paraspeckle formation were on high levels. The interference with PSPC1 mRNA resulted in decreased morula rate. The blastocyst quality was also reduced by inducing apoptosis of inner cell mass"

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