磷高效利用型嫁接番茄砧木筛选及综合评价

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2023.14.011

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】Phosphorus is a non-renewable resource, and the uptake and utilization efficiency of soil phosphorus by plants is low. It is of great economic and ecological value to improve the efficiency of phosphorus absorption and utilization by grafting. The aim of this study was to screen the varieties of grafting tomato rootstocks with efficient use of phosphorus and to establish a light, simple and efficient evaluation technology system, which had theoretical and practical guiding effects on the breeding, demonstration and promotion of new rootstocks with efficient use of phosphorus.【Method】The scion tomato varieties of Qinglove No.1 were grafted on 25 rootstocks (G1-G25) or self-grafted (G0). The experiment was conducted in tomato seedling stage and whole growth stage. In the seedling stage test, the grafted seedlings were treated with normal phosphorus (Hoagland nutrient solution, NP) and low phosphorus (Hoagland nutrient solution with 10% phosphorus content, LP) by hydroponics. 15 days later, 16 indexes were measured, including growth and development, phosphorus absorption and utilization efficiency of grafted seedlings. In the whole growth period experiment, the grafted seedlings were still used as the test material. The phosphorus application level of the control group was set at 1 272 kg∙hm^-2, and that of the LP treatment group was 50% of that of the control group. Nine indexes such as fresh weight of stem and leaf, yield and fruit quality were determined. Then, the correlation analysis, principal component analysis, membership function value analysis, cluster analysis, multiple regression analysis and other mathematical analysis models were used to screen the test materials with phosphorus efficient utilization type grafting tomato rootstock and to evaluate them comprehensively.【Result】The average coefficient of variation of indexes at seedling stage and whole growth stage under NP treatment was 9.74% and 2.85%, respectively, and the average coefficient of variation of indexes at seedling stage and whole growth stage under LP treatment was 16.10% and 5.84%, respectively. The variation coefficient of each index under LP treatment was generally higher than that under NP treatment, indicating that the difference of influence of rootstock genotype on grafted tomato was amplified under LP condition. Correlation analysis showed that yield (I-17) under NP condition was positively correlated with stem and leaf dry weight (I-1), stem diameter (I-5), stem and leaf P mass fraction (I-7), stem and leaf P absorption efficiency (I-9), whole plant P absorption efficiency (I-11), and stem and leaf P transport efficiency (I-12); under the LP condition, the tomato yield (I-17) was positively correlated with stem and leaf dry weight (I-1), root dry weight (I-2), stem diameter (I-5), strong seedling index (I-6), stem and leaf P mass fraction (I-7), stem and leaf P absorption efficiency (I-9), root and leaf P absorption efficiency (I-10), whole plant P absorption efficiency (I-11), and stem and leaf P transport efficiency (I-12). The ranking of principal component and membership function values showed that the ranking rules of the two analysis methods were basically consistent, and both of them were consistent with the performance pattern of cluster analysis. However, there were slight differences in the ranking of individual rootstock varieties, so this paper used the comprehensive average performance of the two rankings as the final ranking, and calculated the top five grafting combinations (G24, G1, G8, G3, and G25). Through multiple regression analysis, the seedling stage evaluation indexes suitable for low phosphorus tolerance of tomato rootstock were obtained, and the regression equations of key seedling stage indexes affecting yield and quality were established: Y_I-17=1354.630-5.552X_I-4, Y_I-20=2.956X_I-5-7.949X_I-14+2.927, and Y_I-23=48.807+0.005X_I-11.【Conclusion】In this study, a set of simple, objective and relatively objective technology system for screening and comprehensive evaluation of tomato rootstock with efficient utilization of phosphorus was established. Three rootstocks, including Korean rootstock No. 1, Jinpeng Rootstock No. 1 and Western Tomato rootstock, were identified to have comprehensive advantages of efficient utilization of phosphorus fertilizer.

Key words: tomato, grafting, rootstock, variety screening

GAO ZiYuan, HU JingAng, ZHANG BeiBei, GONG Biao. Screening and Comprehensive Evaluation of Tomato Rootstocks with High Efficiency of Phosphorus Utilization[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2023, 56(14): 2761-2775.

Figures/Tables 8

Table 1

Tomato variety information"

编号 No.	材料 Material	来源 Origin
G0	青恋1号 Qing Lian No.1	郑州市蔬菜研究所 Zhengzhou City Vegetable Research Institute
G1	金棚砧木一号 Jin Peng Zhen Mu No.1	西安金鹏种苗有限公司 Xi'an Jinpeng Seedling Corporation
G2	倍盈 Bei Ying	先正达农业有限公司 Syngenta Agricultural Corporation
G3	果砧1号 Guo Zhen No.1	国家蔬菜工程技术研究中心 Chinese National Engineering Research Center of Vegetables
G4	豪砧三抗 Hao Zhen San Kang	山东豪达农业科技有限公司 Shandong Haoda Agricultural Corporation
G5	青抗1号 Qing Kang No.1	湖南省蔬菜研究所 Hunan Vegetable Research Institute
G6	锦砧052 Jin Zhen 052	锦州克粒思丰农业科技有限公司 Jinzhou Kelasifeng Agricultural Corporation
G7	阿拉姆 Alamu	寿光市丽林种业有限公司 Shoulguang Lilin Seed Corporation
G8	西方番茄砧木 Xi Fang Fan Qie Zhen Mu	瑞克斯旺种苗集团公司 Rijk Zwaan Seed Group Corporation
G9	西大砧木1号 Xi Da Zhen Mu No.1	广西大学 Guangxi University
G10	山农番砧1号 Shan Nong Fan Zhen No.1	山东农业大学 Shandong Agricultural University
G11	山农番砧2号 Shan Nong Fan Zhen No.2	山东农业大学 Shandong Agricultural University
G12	山农番砧3号 Shan Nong Fan Zhen No.3	山东农业大学 Shandong Agricultural University
G13	家得乐番砧一号 Jia De Le Fan Zhen No.1	广西田阳家得乐农业开发有限公司 Guangxi Tianyang Jiadele Agricultural Development Co., Ltd.
G14	家得乐番砧二号 Jia De Le Fan Zhen No.2	广西田阳家得乐农业开发有限公司 Guangxi Tianyang Jiadele Agricultural Development Co., Ltd.
G15	乾德番砧 Qian De Fan Zhen	上海乾德种业有限公司 Shanghai Qiande seed Corporation
G16	乾德番砧2号 Qian De Fan Zhen No.2	上海乾德种业有限公司 Shanghai Qiande seed Corporation
G17	乾德番砧3号 Qian De Fan Zhen No.3	上海乾德种业有限公司 Shanghai Qiande seed Corporation
G18	番砧1号 Fan Zhen No.1	北京多又奇科贸有限公司 Duoyouqi Tech Trade Corporation
G19	无敌F1 Wu Di F1	北京多又奇科贸有限公司 Duoyouqi Tech Trade Corporation
G20	强力 Qiang Li	北京多又奇科贸有限公司 Duoyouqi Tech Trade Corporation
G21	坂砧1号 Ban Zhen No.1	日本坂田种苗株式会社 Sakata Seed Corporation
G22	坂砧2号 Ban Zhen No.2	日本坂田种苗株式会社 Sakata Seed Corporation
G23	坂砧18号 Ban zhen No.18	日本坂田种苗株式会社 Sakata Seed Corporation
G24	韩国砧木1号 Han Guo Zhen Mu No.1	韩国 South Korea
G25	韩国砧木2号 Han Guo Zhen Mu No.2	韩国 South Korea

Table 1

Table 2

Effects of grafting and phosphorus level on agronomic characters and phosphorus uptake and utilization efficiency of tomato plants"

指标 Index		指标编号 No.	处理 Treatment	最大值 Max. value	最小值 Min. value	平均值 Ave. value	标准差 SD	变异系数 CV (%)
苗期 Seedling stage	茎叶干重 Shoot dry weight (g)	I-1	NP	16.58	12.44	14.42	1.21	8.40
	茎叶干重 Shoot dry weight (g)	I-1	LP	11.95	6.33	9.43	1.75	18.54
	根干重 Root dry weight (g)	I-2	NP	4.44	3.86	4.18	0.17	4.08
	根干重 Root dry weight (g)	I-2	LP	3.86	1.86	3.04	0.63	20.67
	根冠比 Root-shoot ratio	I-3	NP	0.35	0.24	0.29	0.02	8.38
	根冠比 Root-shoot ratio	I-3	LP	0.37	0.28	0.32	0.02	7.03
	株高 Plant height (cm)	I-4	NP	52.57	41.80	47.85	2.53	5.29
	株高 Plant height (cm)	I-4	LP	45.88	35.69	42.09	2.47	5.87
	茎粗 Stem diameter (cm)	I-5	NP	0.41	0.29	0.37	0.04	7.21
	茎粗 Stem diameter (cm)	I-5	LP	0.36	0.25	0.32	0.05	8.61
	壮苗指数 Seedling index	I-6	NP	6.12	5.15	5.64	0.27	4.81
	壮苗指数 Seedling index	I-6	LP	5.37	2.48	4.18	0.91	21.70
	茎叶P质量分数 Shoot P concentration (mg∙g^-1)	I-7	NP	10.63	6.94	8.47	1.01	11.91
	茎叶P质量分数 Shoot P concentration (mg∙g^-1)	I-7	LP	9.16	5.52	7.23	0.88	12.16
	根P质量分数 Root P concentration (mg∙g^-1)	I-8	NP	4.43	3.01	3.73	0.34	9.15
	根P质量分数 Root P concentration (mg∙g^-1)	I-8	LP	2.65	1.22	1.94	0.34	17.53
	茎叶P吸收效率 Shoot P absorption efficiency (mg/plant)	I-9	NP	176.29	94.07	123.12	23.92	19.43
	茎叶P吸收效率 Shoot P absorption efficiency (mg/plant)	I-9	LP	109.47	36.94	69.56	20.09	28.88
	根P吸收效率 Root P absorption efficiency (mg/plant)	I-10	NP	17.70	12.44	15.55	1.29	8.33
	根P吸收效率 Root P absorption efficiency (mg/plant)	I-10	LP	8.51	3.64	5.81	1.31	22.48
	整株P吸收效率 Whole plant P absorption efficiency (mg/plant)	I-11	NP	192.05	108.97	138.67	24.03	17.33
	整株P吸收效率 Whole plant P absorption efficiency (mg/plant)	I-11	LP	117.98	40.92	75.37	21.00	27.86
	茎叶P转运效率 Shoot P transport efficiency (%)	I-12	NP	0.92	0.85	0.88	0.02	2.31
	茎叶P转运效率 Shoot P transport efficiency (%)	I-12	LP	0.95	0.88	0.92	0.02	1.93
	根P转运效率 Root P transfer efficiency (%)	I-13	NP	0.15	0.08	0.12	0.02	17.79
	根P转运效率 Root P transfer efficiency (%)	I-13	LP	0.12	0.05	0.08	0.02	22.13
	茎叶P利用效率 Shoot P utilization efficiency (g∙mg^-1)	I-14	NP	0.14	0.09	0.12	0.01	11.51
	茎叶P利用效率 Shoot P utilization efficiency (g∙mg^-1)	I-14	LP	0.18	0.11	0.14	0.02	12.75
	根P利用效率 Root P utilization efficiency (g∙mg^-1)	I-15	NP	0.33	0.23	0.27	0.03	9.35
	根P利用效率 Root P utilization efficiency (g∙mg^-1)	I-15	LP	0.82	0.38	0.53	0.10	18.87
	整株P利用效率 Whole plant P utilization efficiency (g∙mg^-1)	I-16	NP	0.16	0.11	0.14	0.01	10.52
	整株P利用效率 Whole plant P utilization efficiency (g∙mg^-1)	I-16	LP	0.21	0.13	0.17	0.02	10.52
全生长期 Whole growth stage	单株产量 Yield (g/plant)	I-17	NP	1637.35	1581.58	1603.92	15.03	0.94
	单株产量 Yield (g/plant)	I-17	LP	1154.32	1098.72	1120.92	15.03	1.34
	茎叶鲜重 Shoot fresh weight (g/plant)	I-18	NP	889.53	849.29	867.52	11.07	1.28
	茎叶鲜重 Shoot fresh weight (g/plant)	I-18	LP	702.36	66.56	662.01	119.78	18.09
	可溶性固形物 Soluble solids (%)	I-19	NP	5.81	5.70	5.75	0.03	0.60
	可溶性固形物 Soluble solids (%)	I-19	LP	4.51	4.39	4.46	0.03	0.76
	可溶性糖 Soluble sugar (%)	I-20	NP	5.41	4.33	5.14	0.24	4.74
	可溶性糖 Soluble sugar (%)	I-20	LP	3.82	2.46	3.41	0.30	8.70
	可滴定酸 Titratable acid (%)	I-21	NP	0.49	0.44	0.46	0.01	2.60
	可滴定酸 Titratable acid (%)	I-21	LP	0.46	0.37	0.42	0.02	5.90
	糖酸比 Sugar acid Ratio	I-22	NP	12.00	8.84	11.11	0.75	6.77
	糖酸比 Sugar acid Ratio	I-22	LP	10.22	5.35	8.23	1.13	13.78
	番茄红素 Lycopene (μg∙g^-1)	I-23	NP	62.88	61.11	61.98	0.53	0.85
	番茄红素 Lycopene (μg∙g^-1)	I-23	LP	48.61	48.18	48.40	0.12	0.24
	Vc含量 Vc content (mg∙g^-1)	I-24	NP	16.72	13.30	14.45	1.02	7.08
	Vc含量 Vc content (mg∙g^-1)	I-24	LP	13.42	12.39	12.72	0.31	2.47
	可溶性蛋白 Soluble protein (mg∙g^-1)	I-25	NP	0.96	0.93	0.95	0.01	0.83
	可溶性蛋白 Soluble protein (mg∙g^-1)	I-25	LP	0.89	0.85	0.87	0.01	1.28

Table 2

Fig. 1

Table 3

Table 4

Table 5

Fig. 2

Table 6

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主成分 PC	特征值 E	贡献率 CR (%)	累积贡献率 ACR (%)
1	18.05	72.20	72.20
2	3.59	14.37	86.57
3	1.35	5.43	92.01
4	0.69	2.78	94.79
5	0.32	1.30	100.00

指标编号 No.	主成分1 CP1		主成分2 CP2
指标编号 No.	载荷值 LV	特征向量 EV	载荷值 LV	特征向量 EV
I-1	0.954	0.225	-0.104	-0.055
I-2	0.969	0.228	0.014	0.007
I-3	0.429	0.101	0.338	0.178
I-4	-0.967	-0.228	-0.091	-0.048
I-5	0.921	0.217	-0.014	-0.007
I-6	0.964	0.227	0.038	0.020
I-7	0.963	0.227	0.047	0.025
I-8	-0.37	-0.087	0.908	0.479
I-9	0.982	0.231	-0.021	-0.011
I-10	0.687	0.162	0.705	0.372
I-11	0.983	0.231	0.023	0.012
I-12	0.654	0.154	-0.747	-0.394
I-13	-0.654	-0.154	0.747	0.394
I-14	-0.959	-0.226	-0.005	-0.003
I-15	0.307	0.072	-0.926	-0.489
I-16	-0.953	-0.224	-0.094	-0.050
I-17	0.887	0.209	0.173	0.091
I-18	0.46	0.108	0.063	0.033
I-19	0.944	0.222	0.043	0.023
I-20	0.916	0.216	0.064	0.034
I-21	-0.903	-0.213	-0.129	-0.068
I-22	0.959	0.226	0.114	0.060
I-23	-0.988	-0.233	0.001	0.001
I-24	0.849	0.200	0.279	0.147
I-25	0.949	0.223	0.06	0.032

编号 No.	产量 Production	可溶性糖含量 Soluble sugar content	番茄红素含量 Lycopene content
G0	99.81	87.66	99.91
G1	99.77	99.08	99.33
G2	99.67	97.99	99.70
G3	99.53	98.76	99.39
G4	99.04	96.58	99.64
G5	99.43	95.48	99.99
G6	99.63	97.79	99.62
G7	99.37	97.51	99.76
G8	99.03	99.51	99.35
G9	99.81	95.69	99.89
G10	99.84	98.23	99.41
G11	99.12	98.19	99.58
G12	99.70	98.84	99.78
G13	99.99	96.76	99.49
G14	98.88	97.71	99.58
G15	99.75	99.70	99.49
G16	98.97	98.80	99.54
G17	99.90	92.97	99.93
G18	99.22	93.55	99.97
G19	99.76	99.40	99.58
G20	99.73	97.56	99.56
G21	99.85	98.63	99.85
G22	99.81	96.72	99.89
G23	99.37	94.67	99.99
G24	99.79	99.56	99.21
G25	99.67	98.40	99.43

Screening and Comprehensive Evaluation of Tomato Rootstocks with High Efficiency of Phosphorus Utilization

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	主成分分析 PCA				隶属函数分析 SFA		综合排名 Comprehensive ranking
	F₁	F₂	F	排名 Ranking	隶属函数值 SFV	排名 Ranking	综合排名 Comprehensive ranking
G0	-7.95	-0.24	-6.67	26	0.24	26	26
G1	6.13	1.04	5.29	2	0.70	2	2
G2	-0.15	0.82	0.01	15	0.51	12	14
G3	4.46	1.83	4.02	4	0.67	4	4
G4	1.21	-4.66	0.24	14	0.46	15	15
G5	-5.23	0.71	-4.24	23	0.36	23	23
G6	0.87	-1.46	0.48	12	0.50	13	12
G7	-2.04	-1.39	-1.93	18	0.39	20	19
G8	5.34	1.2	4.65	3	0.67	3	3
G9	-3.38	-2.24	-3.19	21	0.36	21	21
G10	3.44	1.04	3.04	6	0.63	6	6
G11	0.15	-3.19	-0.40	16	0.46	16	16
G12	-1.68	1.16	-1.21	17	0.45	18	17
G13	2.5	-1.09	1.90	10	0.59	7	8
G14	0.42	0.22	0.39	13	0.50	14	13
G15	2.53	-0.47	2.03	7	0.58	8	7
G16	1.67	-2.58	0.96	11	0.51	11	11
G17	-4.66	1.4	-3.65	22	0.36	22	22
G18	-7.65	-0.75	-6.50	25	0.28	25	25
G19	2.62	-1.52	1.93	8	0.56	10	10
G20	2.31	-0.09	1.91	9	0.58	9	9
G21	-3.27	3.74	-2.11	19	0.45	17	18
G22	-3.23	2.06	-2.35	20	0.40	19	20
G23	-6.16	1.69	-4.86	24	0.34	24	24
G24	7.34	2.25	6.50	1	0.73	1	1
G25	4.42	0.51	3.77	5	0.67	5	5

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