新疆棉花优质高产关键生产技术分析

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2023.14.004

Abstract

Abstract:

Although the cotton of Xinjiang has achieved high quality and high yield, its technological leadership and influence are still insufficient. To figure out the key technologies of high-quality cotton production in Xinjiang which can reflect the technical characteristics of cotton production comprehensively and objectively so that other areas where cotton is grown can understand cotton production technology in Xinjiang and show level of cotton production to the world. In addition, this article is to summarize experience, strengthen the popularization and further maturing of advanced technology, improve the application efficiency, and promote the promotion of cotton production technology in Xinjiang to other cotton regions. This paper based on years of experimental data and research results, awards and patented achievements such as “Innovation and application of light and efficient key technologies in cotton industrialization in Xinjiang” “Seeding Protection Method in Cotton Precision Seeding Field in Xinjiang”, combined with literature review, academic exchanges, visits and research. This analysis is carried out according to the order and tightness with technology corresponding to the cotton growth process. A series of key technologies are summarized, including: the seminal seeding and the supporting seedling technology, cotton field short-term, dense, early group control technology, water and fertilizer integration technology, the whole process of tube harvest mechanization and its supporting technology, pest and disease control technology. The relatively perfect cotton production technology system in Xinjiang has been constructed through improvement, optimization, maturation, innovation and application of key technologies, so that the technical level of cotton production in Xinjiang has been greatly improved to cover less than 9% of the world's planted cotton area, harvest more than 20% of the world's cotton, and lead the world in terms of single production level, quality in the world, and the total production, single production, and commodity transfers have been maintained for 28 consecutive years for the first time in the country. The in-depth analysis of innovation, optimization and practicability of cotton production technology in Xinjiang can help cotton regions better understand the inevitability and advanced of high yield and quality of cotton in Xinjiang. Practice also proves that, with the support of a series of key technologies, cotton in Xinjiang has achieved high-quality production and has become the region with the highest per unit yield and mechanization of cotton in China, which means that its technology can guide production practice and promote application.

Key words: cotton, high-quality, key technologies

LOU ShanWei, TIAN LiWen, LUO HongHai, DU MingWei, LIN Tao, YANG Tao, ZHANG PengZhong. Analysis on Key Production Techniques of Cotton with Good Quality and High Yield in Xinjiang[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2023, 56(14): 2673-2685.

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品种类型 Variey types	品种数量No. of varieties	生育期 Growth period (d)	铃重 <BOLD>B</BOLD>oll weigh (g)	纤维长度<BOLD>L</BOLD>ength (mm)	纤维强度<BOLD>S</BOLD>trength (cN·tex^-1)	马克隆值Micronaire	高抗病品种数量 No. of high disease resistant varieties		抗病品种数量 No. of resistant varieties		丰产性 Prolificacy
品种类型 Variey types	品种数量No. of varieties	生育期 Growth period (d)	铃重 <BOLD>B</BOLD>oll weigh (g)	纤维长度<BOLD>L</BOLD>ength (mm)	纤维强度<BOLD>S</BOLD>trength (cN·tex^-1)	马克隆值Micronaire	枯萎病<BOLD>B</BOLD>light	黄萎病Verticillium wilt	枯萎病<BOLD>B</BOLD>light	黄萎病Verticillium wilt	丰产性 Prolificacy
南疆早中熟陆地棉 Early medium maturingupland cotton in southen Xinjiag	61	135.0	5.9	30.5	31.1	4.6	45	0	10	4	好Good
北疆特早熟陆地棉 North Xinjiag extra early maturingupland cotton	62	123.4	5.8	30.3	30.6	4.4	43	1	18	1	突出Prominent

次数 <BOLD>T</BOLD>imes	灌水时间 Irrigation time (M/D-M/D)	灌水量 Irrigation volume (m³)	肥料Fertilizer
次数 <BOLD>T</BOLD>imes	灌水时间 Irrigation time (M/D-M/D)	灌水量 Irrigation volume (m³)	N (kg)	P₂O₅ (kg)	K₂O (kg)	B (g)	Zn (g)
1	4/10-4/25	15-30
2	6/10-6/15	30-35	1.5-2.0
3	6/20-6/25	25-30	1.5-2.0	0.5-0.8	0.5-0.8	30	10
4	7/1-7/5	25-30	2.0-2.5	0.8-1.2	0.5-0.8	50
5	7/10-7/15	30-35	2.0-2.5	0.8-1.2	0.5-0.8	50
6	7/15-7/20	35-40	3.0	0.8-1.2	0.5-1.0
7	7/20-7/25	35-40	3.0	0.8-1.2	0.5-1.0
8	8/1-8/10	25-30	2.0-2.5	0.5-0.8	0.5-0.8
9	8/10-8/20	25-30	1.5-2.0
10	8/20-8/30	20	1.0-1.5
总计Total		265-320	17.5-21	4.2-6.4	3.0-5.2	130	10

Analysis on Key Production Techniques of Cotton with Good Quality and High Yield in Xinjiang

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