水氮减量条件下地膜玉米免耕轮作小麦的水分利用特征

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2023.14.003

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】In view of the severe water shortage of resource-based irrigation areas in the west of the river oasis and the large amount and low utilisation of mulch and water and nitrogen inputs in crop production, the effects of no-tillage and two-year use of mulch on the water utilisation characteristics of subsequent crops under water and nitrogen reduction conditions were explored to provide a practical basis for the construction of water and nitrogen reduction and efficient water utilisation technologies in the trial area.【Method】From 2019 to 2021, a three-factor split plot experiment was carried out, with two tillage methods of conventional tillage (CT) and no-tillage (NT), two irrigation levels of 20% reduced irrigation (I1, 1 920 m³·hm^-2) and conventional irrigation (I2, 2 400 m³·hm^-2), and three N levels of 40% reduced N application (N1, 135 kg·hm^-2), 20% reduced N application (N2, 180 kg·hm^-2) and conventional N application (N3, 225 kg·hm^-2), to study the evapotranspiration, evaporation and water use efficiency of different treatments.【Result】The one film for two years can optimize the soil water environment before wheat sowing and reduce the ineffective water consumption during wheat growth period. Compared to CT, NT was beneficial to increase soil water content and water storage before wheat sowing, which increased by 16.9%-23.0% and 14.5%-16.5%, respectively; It can reduce the evapotranspiration (ET), total evaporation (E) and proportion of evaporation to evapotranspiration (E/ET) of wheat in the whole growth period by 3.5%-4.2%, 19.0%-20.2% and 16.8%-19.3%, respectively. With the reduction of irrigation and N application, the three indicators of evapotranspiration, evaporation and E/ET decreased. Compared with I2, the three indicators decreased by 6.1%-6.4%, 10.8%-11.1% and 5.5%-6.0%, respectively; Compared with N3, N2 and N1 decreased by 2.2%-3.9%, 4.2%-10.9% and 1.7%-7.2%, respectively; Under the interaction of tillage and irrigation, evapotranspiration and E/ET of NTI1 decreased by 0.6%-6.6% and 17.4%-17.6% respectively compared with CTI1; Integrated water and nitrogen reduction for two years with no tillage and one film to further optimize water consumption structure, the three indicators for NTI1N2 were reduced by 11.0%-12.9%, 28.3%-47.6% and 22.5%-26.4% respectively compared to CTI2N3. Compared with CT, NT significantly improved wheat grain yield and water use efficiency by 4.8%-6.3% and 9.0%-9.5% respectively. Under NT and CT conditions, there was no significant difference in grain yield and water use efficiency (WUE) between I1N2 and I2N3, I2N2 wheat. Comparing wheat grain yield and water use efficiency under different treatments, NTI1N2 was the highest, increasing grain yield and WUE by 5.1%-6.6% and 5.7%-6.2%, respectively, compared to the control CTI2N3.【Conclusion】In the Hexi irrigation area, no-tillage and one-film two-year rotation of maize for wheat, irrigation of 1 920 m³· hm^-2 and N application of 180 kg· hm^-2 in the whole growth period, is a production technology suitable for water and nitrogen conservation, high wheat yield and efficient water use in this area.

Key words: one film mulching for two years, water and nitrogen reduction, water use characteristics, wheat

CAO YongGang, XU LongLong, CHAI Qiang, HU FaLong, YIN Wen, FAN ZhiLong, WANG QiMing, ZHAO Cai. Water Use Characteristics of Wheat Rotated After No Tillage Plastic Film Mulching Maize with Reduced Water and Nitrogen[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2023, 56(14): 2660-2672.

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References 33

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耕作措施 Tillage practice	灌水量 Irrigation quato	灌溉制度Irrigation Schedul (m³·hm^-2)			施氮水平Nitrogen application level
耕作措施 Tillage practice	灌水量 Irrigation quato	苗期 Seedling	孕穗 Booting	灌浆期Filling	N3	N2	N1
免耕一膜两年用NT	I1	600	720	600	NTI1N3	NTI1N2	NTI1N1
免耕一膜两年用NT	I2	750	900	750	NTI2N3	NTI2N2	NTI2N2
传统翻耕CT	I1	600	720	600	CTI1N3	CTI1N2	CTI1N1
传统翻耕CT	I2	750	900	750	CTI2N3	CTI2N2	CTI2N1

耕作措施 Tillage	灌水水平 Irrigation quota	施氮水平 Nitrogen rate	播前含水量Moisture content before sowing (%)		播前土壤贮水量Pre sowing water storage (mm)
耕作措施 Tillage	灌水水平 Irrigation quota	施氮水平 Nitrogen rate	2020	2021	2020	2021
CT	I2	N3	13.23cde	14.50ab	258.27a	247.93abcd
		N2	13.41bcde	12.73cd	252.97a	238.75abcd
		N1	12.88de	12.40cd	252.81a	221.98cd
	I1	N3	11.88e	11.18d	263.63a	222.12cd
		N2	11.89e	11.74d	260.61a	224.11bcd
		N1	11.41e	12.32cd	251.22a	213.43d
NT	I2	N3	15.60ab	14.77a	302.61b	265.53a
		N2	15.52ab	14.56ab	299.57b	261.07ab
		N1	15.06abc	14.22abc	294.22b	247.25abcd
	I1	N3	15.70a	13.88abc	304.25b	263.95a
		N2	15.18abc	15.25a	297.40b	272.75a
		N1	14.93abcd	14.88a	295.64b	256.57abc
耕作措施Tillage practice(T)			0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000
灌水水平Irrigation level(I)			NS	NS	NS	NS
施氮水平Nitrogen rate(N)			NS	NS	NS	NS
耕作方式×灌水水平 T×I			NS	NS	NS	NS
耕作方式×施氮水平 T×N			NS	NS	NS	NS
灌水水平×施氮水平 I×N			NS	NS	NS	NS
耕作方式×灌水水平×施氮水平 T×I×N			NS	NS	NS	NS

Water Use Characteristics of Wheat Rotated After No Tillage Plastic Film Mulching Maize with Reduced Water and Nitrogen

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