深翻、有机无机肥配施对稻田水分渗漏和氮素淋溶的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2021.20.012

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】Aimed at the problems of shallow soil plow layer, thickening of plow pan and soil hardening caused by perennial shallow ploughing and unreasonable fertilization in rice-wheat rotation area in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River in China,the effects of deep plowing (breaking part of plow pan) and fertilization on paddy field soil bulk density, soil compaction, soil water leaching and nitrogen leaching were studied to illuminate the response of nitrogen leaching to two tillage methods and three fertilization measures, and then provide theoretical basis for the construction of plow layer in the paddy soil. 【Method】 (1) Two tillage methods (rotary tillage 12 cm and deep plowing 20 cm) and three equal nitrogen fertilization treatments (single inorganic fertilizer treatment T1, returning straw with inorganic fertilizer treatment T2, organic manure with inorganic fertilizer treatment T3) were established in Shucheng County, Anhui Province in 2015. Soil water leaching and nitrogen leaching in rice season as well as soil bulk density and soil compaction were monitored dynamically in 2019-2020; (2) The soil-column experiment from paddy field was conducted to monitor. Water leaching from the treatment of deep plowing 30 cm in depth (total breaking of soil plow pan) was studied. 【Result】 (1) Field experiment results showed that the soil bulk density and soil compaction from the treatment of deep plowing 20 cm in depth were declined in rice season compared to those from the treatment of rotary tillage 12 cm in depth. Compared with the treatment of rotary tillage 12 cm in depth, the soil water leaching from the treatment of deep plowing 20 cm in depth increased by 7.4% in tillering stage, and there was no obvious change in soil water leaching after rice booting stage. From the whole rice growth period, the difference of soil water leaching between the treatment of deep plowing 20 cm in depth and the treatment of rotary tillage 12 cm in depth was not significant; (2) The results of soil-column experiment showed the soil water leaching from the treatment of deep plowing 30 cm in depth (total breaking of soil plow pan) increased significantly by 19.0% and 11.0% in flooding and 23.0% and 21.5% in non-flooding, respectively, compared with the treatment of rotary tillage 12 cm in depth and the treatment of deep plowing 20 cm in depth; (3) Nitrate nitrogen was dominant form of nitrogen in the soil water leaching. The concentration of nitrate nitrogen in soil water leaching from T3 treatment decreased significantly compared with that of T1 and T2 treatment after rice booting stage, but the difference of ammonium nitrogen concentration in soil water leaching from T1, T2 and T3 treatment were not significant; (4) From the whole growth period of rice, the difference of nitrogen leaching from the treatment of rotary tillage 12 cm in depth and the treatment of deep plowing 20 cm in depth was not significant, while the three treatments of fertilization had obvious difference on nitrogen leaching. Under the condition of deep plowing 20 cm in depth, the nitrogen leaching rates of T1, T2 and T3 treatment were 10.7, 11.7 and 9.1 kg N·hm^-2 respectively, and under the condition of rotary tillage 12 cm in depth, the nitrogen leaching rates of T1, T2 and T3 treatment were 9.83,11.21 and 8.58 kg N·hm^-2, respectively. T3 treatment decreased significantly nitrogen leaching compared to T1 and T2 treatment. 【Conclusion】 Deep plowing 20 cm in depth can improve soil physical structure, however, soil water leaching and nitrogen leaching are not significantly increased, and the combination of organic manure and inorganic fertilizer can significantly reduce nitrate nitrogen leaching. These results are of theoretical significance for the building of deep and fertile tillage layer in the clay paddy soil with high plow pan (such as red-yellow soil) in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River through deep plowing measures, combined application of organic manure and inorganic fertilizer.

Key words: rice-wheat rotation, tillage practices, combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers, water leaching, nitrogen leaching

WANG JinYu,CHENG WenLong,HUAI ShengChang,WU HongLiang,XING TingTing,YU WeiJia,WU Ji,LI Min,LU ChangAi. Effects of Deep Plowing and Organic-Inorganic Fertilization on Soil Water and Nitrogen Leaching in Rice Field[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2021, 54(20): 4385-4395.

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	LU X C, HAN X Z, ZOU W X, DING S R, YOU M Y, YAN J, CHEN X, ZHOU X C. The contents of soil organic matter and nutrients as impacted by constructing fertile cultivated layers of sandy soil using cow dung and black soil in a short term experiment. Soils and Crops, 2018, 7(4):456-464. DOI: 10.11689/j.issn.2095-2961.2018.04.013. (in Chinese) doi: 10.11689/j.issn.2095-2961.2018.04.013

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土层 Soil layer (cm)	pH	有机质 OM (g·kg^-1)	全氮 Total N (g·kg^-1)	碱解氮 Available N (mg·kg^-1)	有效磷 Available P (mg·kg^-1)	速效钾 Available K (mg·kg^-1)	土壤容重 Soil bulk density (g·cm^-3)
0-15	5.85	25.0	1.40	98.1	9.5	96.0	1.35
15-30	6.21	17.0	1.01	53.1	6.0	76.0	1.54

年份 Year	水稻品种 Rice variety	密度 Planting density (×10³·hm^-2)	基肥日期 Basal fertilization date	移栽日期 Transplanting date	追肥日期 Topdressing date	渗漏液取样日期 Sampling date	收获日期 Harvest date
2019	隆两优534 Longliangyou 534	210	6.2	6.7	6.17、7.9	6.19、7.1、7.11、7.21、8.1、8.11	9.14
2020	隆两优534 Longliangyou 534	210	6.3	6.8	6.17、7.9	6.19、7.1、7.11、7.21、8.1、8.11	9.13

土壤深度 Soil depth (cm)	土壤容重Soil bulk destiny (g·cm^-3)
土壤深度 Soil depth (cm)	深翻 20 cm Deep plowing 20 cm	旋耕 12 cm Rotary tillage 12 cm
0—5	1.36Ca	1.34Ca
5—15	1.35Ca	1.39Ca
15—25	1.43Bb	1.54Ba
25—35	1.62Aa	1.60Aa
35—45	1.58Aa	1.60Aa

耕作方式 Tillage methods	施肥处理 Treatments	氮素淋溶量 N leaching (kg N·hm^-2)	占总施氮量 Percentage of N leaching in N application (%)
深翻20 cm Deep plowing 20 cm	T1	10.69±0.54 Aa	5.09 Aa
	T2	11.74±0.23 Aa	5.59 Aa
	T3	9.14±0.28 Ab	4.35 Ab
旋耕12 cm Rotary tillage 12 cm	T1	9.83±0.55 Aab	4.68 Aab
	T2	11.21±0.53 Aa	5.34 Aa
	T3	8.58±0.44 Ab	4.09 Ab

Effects of Deep Plowing and Organic-Inorganic Fertilization on Soil Water and Nitrogen Leaching in Rice Field

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