生物炭连续施用对农田土壤氮转化微生物及N2O排放的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2020.19.015

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】In recent years, the biochar has been widely concerned due to its some positive roles in soil improvement, agricultural production, and carbon sequestration and emission reduction. The purpose of this experiment was to reveal the microbiological mechanism of biochar on crop yield and nitrous oxide (N₂O) emission and to provide a theoretical basis for extending application of biochar in agriculture.【Method】A fixed field experiment with successive straw-based biochar amended at 0 (BC0, CK), 2.25 (BCL, low rate), 6.75 (BCM, medium rate), and 11.25 t·hm^-2(BCH, high rate) was carried out in the typical farmland with fluvo-aquic soil in Huanghuai area of China. Effect of successive biochar addition after six year on nitrous oxide (N₂O) emission, nitrogen (N) functional genes and grain yield of summer maize were studied by field observation, chemical analysis and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) in laboratory.【Result】Compared to BC0, biochar application significantly increased grain yield of summer maize with the maximum value (10 811 kg·hm^-2) under BCM treatment, and also significantly reduced N₂O emissions with the better performance for BCM during summer maize season. Compared with BC0, biochar application could significantly improve inorganic nitrogen storage and moisture content in topsoil. In addition, following biochar application rate, the soil AOA gene abundance increased first and then decreased with the highest gene copy number in BCM treatment at the bellmouth stage and maturity stage of summer maize, while the higher AOB gene abundance under BCH and BCM treatment presented respectively at the bellmouth stage and maturity stage of summer maize. Similar to nitrification function related genes (AOA and AOB), compared with BC0, the medium and high-rate biochar application (BCM, BCH) also significantly increased the copy number of denitrification function related genes (nirK, nirS, nosZ) at the bellmouth stage and maturity stage of summer maize. Correlation analysis indicated that the significantly negative correlation was found between N₂O emissions, NO₃^-, moisture content (MO) and the expression of the AOA, AOB, nirK, nirS, and nosZ genes in topsoil at maturity of summer maize.【Conclusion】Successive biochar addition could reduce N₂O emission by increasing the gene abundance of soil N transformation, and increase crop yield by improving inorganic nitrogen storage and moisture content in topsoil. Overall, the treatment with 6.75 t·hm^-2 biochar led to the best comprehensive performance in the study region.

Key words: biochar, farmland, soil microbial, N functional genes, N₂O emission, summer maize

DONG Cheng,CHEN ZhiYong,XIE YingXin,ZHANG YangYang,GOU PeiXin,YANG JiaHeng,MA DongYun,WANG ChenYang,GUO TianCai. Effects of Successive Biochar Addition to Soil on Nitrogen Functional Microorganisms and Nitrous Oxide Emission[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2020, 53(19): 4024-4034.

Figures/Tables 9

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扩增基因 Target	引物 Primer	序列 (5′— 3′) Sequence (5′- 3′)	荧光定量PCR程序 Real-time PCR profiles	参考文献 References
AOA	Arch-amoA F	STAATGGTCTGGCTTAGACG	95℃ 5 min;95℃ 30 s,58℃	[31]
AOA	Arch-amoA R	GCGGCCATCCATCTGTATGT	30 s,72℃ 1 min,35 cycles	[31]
AOB	amoA-1F	GGGGTTTCTACTGGTGGT	95℃ 5 min;95℃ 30 s,58℃	[32]
AOB	amoA-2R	CCCCTCKGSAAAGCCTTCTTC	30 s,72℃ 1 min,35 cycles	[32]
nirK	nirK1F	GGMATGGTKCCSTGGCA	95℃ 5 min;95℃ 30 s,58℃	[33]
nirK	nirK5R	GCCTCGATCAGRTTRTGG	30 s,72℃ 1 min,35 cycles	[33]
nirS	Cd3aF	GTSAACGTSAAGGARACSGG	95℃ 5 min;95℃ 30 s,58℃	[34]
nirS	R3cdR	GASTTCGGRTGSGTCTTGA	30 s,72℃ 1 min,35 cycles	[34]
nosZ	nosZ-F	AGAACGACCAGCTGATCGACA	95℃ 5 min;95℃ 30 s,60℃	[35]
nosZ	nosZ-R	TCCATGGTGACGCCGTGGTTG	30 s,72℃ 1 min,35 cycles	[35]

	N₂O	NH₄⁺	NO₃^-	WFPS	AOA	AOB	nirK	nirS	nosZ
N₂O	1	-0.098	-0.611*	-0.645*	-0.598*	-0.866**	-0.863**	-0.915**	-0.886**
NH₄⁺		1	0.231	-0.289	0.168	0.248	0.167	0.231	-0.18
NO₃^-			1	0.121	0.764**	0.731**	0.651*	0.564	0.512
WFPS				1	0.007	0.383	0.349	0.610*	0.645*
AOA					1	0.846**	0.796**	0.535	0.568
AOB						1	0.960**	0.821**	0.720**
nirK							1	0.810**	0.706*
nirS								1	0.664*
nosZ								.	1

Effects of Successive Biochar Addition to Soil on Nitrogen Functional Microorganisms and Nitrous Oxide Emission

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