冬小麦-夏玉米周年农田资源高效利用限制因素分析

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2020.19.005

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】With the decrease of cultivated land area, the increase of population and the rapid development of social economy, increasing crop yield per unit area is an important way to improve the total grain yield and ensure the food security in China. It is of great significance to explore the way of high efficiency and limiting factors to improve the unit yield. 【Method】 In this study, winter wheat and summer maize were taken as the research objects. In four ecological regions of Shandong province (eastern Shandong, central Shandong, northwestern Shandong and southwestern Shandong), the simulation model and other methods were employed to study yield under different climate and cultivation management conditions in 2008-2017, to put forward quantitative evaluation indicators, to analyze and clarify the main limiting factors affecting resource utilization and yield.【Result】(1) In the growth season of winter wheat in the eastern Shandong, the influencing rates of light and temperature resource, variety, cultivation pattern, water resource and nitrogen resource were 16.96%, 20.68%, 1.39%, 60.97% and 0, respectively, those in central Shandong were 37.72%, 20.16%, 1.57%, 40.55% and 0, and those in northwestern Shandong were 17.90%, 19.11%, 1.20%, 61.79%, 0, respectively; Those in southwestern Shandong were 33.65%, 23.80%, 1.65%, 40.90% and 0 respectively. (2) In the growth season of summer maize in the eastern Shandong, the influencing rates of light and temperature resource, variety, cultivation mode, water resource and nitrogen resource were 49.11%, 9.07%, 10.64%, 31.18% and 0, respectively; In central Shandong, the influence rates of each limiting factor were 56.62%, 10.86%, 11.65%, 20.87% and 0, respectively; In northwestern Shandong, the influence rates of each factor were 43.01%, 18.95% 11.26%, 26.78% and 0; Those in southwestern Shandong were 64.42%, 5.44%, 15.84%, 14.30% and 0, respectively. 【Conclusion】 In the winter wheat growing season, the farmland resources in the eastern and northwestern Shandong were mainly limited by water resource, followed by light and temperature resource and variety, and the cultivation mode and nitrogen resource had little influence. In the central and southwestern Shandong, it was mainly affected by light and temperature resource and water resources, followed by the variety factors. The growth season of maize in the four regions was influenced by light and temperature resource, followed by water resource, and less by varieties and cultivation patterns.

Key words: winter wheat, summer maize, resource utilization, yield, limiting factors

LIU XiaoYu,ZHANG DouDou,JIAO JinYu,CHEN GuoQing,LI Yong. Analysis on Limiting Factors of Efficient Utilization of Winter Wheat and Summer Maize Farmland Resources[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2020, 53(19): 3900-3914.

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References 38

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生长季 Growth season	参数 Parameter	鲁东 ES	鲁中 CS	鲁西北 NS	鲁西南 SS
冬小麦季 Winter wheat season	太阳辐射Solar radiation (MJ·m^-2)	3362.75	3141.43	3387.37	3136.13
	平均温度Average temperature (℃)	7.92	8.91	7.77	8.73
	降水量Precipitation (mm)	182.32	193.05	127.56	190.86
夏玉米季 Summer maize season	太阳辐射Solar radiation (MJ·m^-2)	2389.75	2083.91	2340.37	2113.68
	平均温度Average temperature (℃)	24.47	25.12	24.70	24.90
	降水量Precipitation (mm)	462.01	463.10	453.65	491.45

生长季 Growth season	ε	ψ	Ω	α	β	ρ	γ	ω	η	ζ	q	s
冬小麦季 Winter wheat season	0.224	0.49	0.85	0.10	0.07	0.10	0.05	0.33	0.14	0.08	17.58	0.40
夏玉米季 Summer maize season	0.224	0.49	1.00	0.08	0.06	0.10	0.01	0.30	0.15	0.08	17.20	0.40

	生态区 Ecological region	适宜生育期内有效积温 GDD (℃·d)	适宜生育期获得产量 Available yield (kg·hm^-2)	光温生产潜力 Light-temperature potential productivity (kg·hm^-2)	匹配系数 Matching coefficient
冬小麦季 Wheat season	鲁东ES	2289.22	9845.51	11172.61	0.8812
	鲁中CS	2377.91	8369.21	11792.80	0.7097
	鲁西北NS	2191.03	9692.29	11310.78	0.8569
	鲁西南SS	2239.41	8419.19	11375.36	0.7401
夏玉米季 Maize season	鲁东ES	2697.94	11531.90	21039.04	0.5481
	鲁中CS	2740.21	10616.70	18997.41	0.5589
	鲁西北NS	2802.96	11441.68	20836.07	0.5491
	鲁西南SS	2724.02	10848.45	19031.06	0.5701

品种参数 Variety parameter	冬小麦Winter wheat		夏玉米Summer maize
品种参数 Variety parameter	春化敏感性参数 Vern_sens	光周期敏感性参数 Photop_sens	出苗-拔节积温 tt_emerg_to_endjuv (℃·d)	开花-成熟积温 tt_flower_to_maturity (℃·d)
处理1 Level1	0.3 (VS1)	0.3 (PS1)	200 (EE1)	600 (FM1)
处理2 Level2	0.7 (VS2)	0.7 (PS2)	215 (EE2)	650 (FM2)
处理3 Level3	1.1 (VS3)	1.1 (PS3)	225 (EE3)	700 (FM3)
处理4 Level4	1.5 (VS4)	1.5 (PS4)	245 (EE4)	750 (FM4)
处理5 Level5	1.9 (VS5)	1.9 (PS5)	250 (EE5)	800 (FM5)
处理6 Level6	2.3 (VS6)	2.3 (PS6)	255 (EE6)	850 (FM6)
处理7 Level7	2.7 (VS7)	2.7 (PS7)	265 (EE7)	900 (FM7)
处理8 Level8	3.1 (VS8)	3.1 (PS8)	275 (EE8)	950 (FM8)
处理9 Level9	3.5 (VS9)	3.5 (PS9)	285 (EE9)	1000 (FM9)
处理10 Level10	3.9 (VS10)	3.9 (PS10)	300 (EE10)	1050 (FM10)
处理11 Level11	4.3 (VS11)	4.3 (PS11)	325 (EE11)	1100 (FM11)
处理12 Level12	4.7 (VS12)	4.7 (PS12)	350 (EE12)	1150 (FM12)
处理13 Level13	5.0 (VS13)	5.0 (PS13)	375 (EE13)	1200 (FM13)
处理14 Level14	—	—	400 (EE14)	1250 (FM14)

作物Crop	参数Parameter	鲁东ES	鲁中CS	鲁西北NS	鲁西南SS
冬小麦 Winter wheat	春化敏感性系数 Vern_sens	3.5	4.3	3.1	4.3
	光周期敏感性系数 Photop_sens	3.5	3.9	3.9	3.9
	产量 Yield (kg·hm^-2)	10298.38	9508.68	10344.53	9999.54
	匹配系数 Matching coefficient	0.8552	0.8449	0.8473	0.8162
夏玉米 Summer maize	出苗至拔节期积温tt_emerg_to_endjuv (℃·d)	200	200	200	255
	开花至成熟积温 tt_flower_to_maturity (℃·d)	1150	1200	1250	1100
	产量 Yield (kg·hm^-2)	12582.62	11598.12	14279.07	11256.58
	匹配系数 Matching coefficient	0.9165	0.9154	0.8013	0.9637

Analysis on Limiting Factors of Efficient Utilization of Winter Wheat and Summer Maize Farmland Resources

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