施肥水平对不同氮效率水稻氮素利用特征及产量的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2016.24.007

Abstract

Abstract: 【Objective】The relationship of grain yield and nitrogen (N) utilization characteristics in rice cultivars with different N use efficiencies (NUE) was studied under different fertilizer levels. This study will provide reference data for the cultivation of high-NUE rice cultivars and rice breeding.【Method】 For this purpose, two rice cultivars differing in NUE were chosen for this study, one with high-NUE (Dexiang 4103) and the other with low-NUE (Yixiang 3724). Fertilizer was applied at three levels, including low (75 kg N·hm^-2, 37.5 kg P₂O₅·hm^-2, 75 kg K₂O·hm^-2, N₁P₁K₁), medium (150 kg N·hm^-2, 75 kg P₂O₅·hm^-2, 150 kg K₂O·hm^-2, N₂P₂K₂), and high rates (225 kg N·hm^-2, 112.5 kg P₂O₅·hm^-2, 225 kg K₂O·hm^-2, N₃P₃K₃). A no-N treatment was included for each level as the control. The effect of fertilizer levels on grain yield and N utilization characteristics in rice cultivars with different NUE, and its absorption, translocation and distribution of N from heading and maturity stage were studied.【Result】The results showed that rice cultivars with different NUE and fertilizer levels significantly affected accumulation, translocation and distribution of N at main growth stages and each growing stage, N utilization characteristics and grain yield. Rice cultivars exhibited markedly stronger effects on N recovery efficiency, 1 000-grain weight, and total spikelets number, compared to fertilizer application levels. An opposite trend was observed in N accumulation at different growth stages, N translocation in leaves and stem-sheaths at grain filling stage, and grain yield. Compared with N₁P₁K₁, N₂P₂K₂ promoted N accumulation at main growth stages and each growing stage, increased N harvest index, and facilitated N translocation in vegetative organs at grain filling stage, ultimately improved grain yield and NUE in both rice cultivars. The N₂P₂K₂ treatment produced higher yield than other fertilizer treatments of the same rice cultivars and thus was regarded as the optimal NPK fertilizer application. Applying the N₃P₃K₃ treatment resulted in a higher N retention in leaves and stem-sheaths at grain filling stage and a lower N translocation conversion rate of vegetative organs, thereby reduced the grain yield and NUE. The results also showed that total spikelets number, high seed setting rate, N accumulation at main growth stages, and N harvest index, more than those of low-NUE rice cultivar. However, 1000-grain weight was not unique characteristics of rice cultivar with high-NUE. In addition, compared with low-NUE, the high-NUE rice cultivar was more beneficial to N translocation and redistribution from leaves and stem-sheaths to panicle at grain filling stage, and then improved grain yield and NUE, especially, N transportation efficiency of stem-sheath in high-NUE rice cultivars had a significant positive correlation (r=0.699*-0.743*) with different indexes of N physiological efficiency, N recovery efficiency, and N agronomic efficiency, and which is the important reason for high-NUE rice cultivar further to increase yield and NUE. The N transportation efficiency of stem-sheath might be a candidate indicator for high yield and high-NUE in different varieties of rice. To improve N transportation efficiency of stem-sheath in high NUE from heading to maturity stage, this is an important way to promote rice yield at the same time as increasing N use efficiency.【Conclusion】Compared to low NUE, the results suggest that the high-NUE is more beneficial to N translocation and redistribution from stem-sheath to panicle, high total spikelet number and seed setting rate at grain filling stage, which is the key factor behind yield gap. High-NUE and suitable N₂P₂K₂ combined application was considered to be optimum under the experimental conditions. Correlation analysis indicated that the increase of N accumulation, promote N translocation of leaves and stem-sheath during the period from heading to maturity, especially improve the N transportation efficiency of stem-sheath is helpful to the high-yield and high-NUE in rice.

Key words: fertilizer level, rice, N use efficiency, N utilization, grain yield

SUN Yong-jian, SUN Yuan-yuan, JIANG Ming-jin, LI Ying-hong, YAN Feng-jun, XU Hui, WANG Hai-yue, MA Jun. Effects of Fertilizer Levels on Nitrogen Utilization Characteristics and Yield in Rice Cultivars with Different Nitrogen Use Efficiencies[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2016, 49(24): 4745-4756.

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Effects of Fertilizer Levels on Nitrogen Utilization Characteristics and Yield in Rice Cultivars with Different Nitrogen Use Efficiencies

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