Scientia Agricultura Sinica ›› 2016, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (22): 4299-4309.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2016.22.004

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• CROP GENETICS & BREEDING·GERMPLASM RESOURCES·MOLECULAR GENETICS • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Recent Advances in Identification and Functional Analysis of Genes Responsible for Soybean Nutritional Quality

ZHANG Yu-qin, LU Xiang, LI Qing-tian, CHEN Shou-yi, ZHANG Jin-song   

  1. Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101
  • Received:2016-08-12 Online:2016-11-16 Published:2016-11-16

Abstract: Soybean is one of the most important cash crops and provides edible oil and vegetable proteins for human beings. The study of soybean is recently focused by researchers, breeders and public people, because its value is mainly determined by the content of oil, protein and isoflavones and the quality of soybean is directly related to the health of the human body. The profile of fatty acids in soybean oil has a great influence on the nutritional value, storage and processing technology. And the profile and accumulation of soybean oil was determined by activity of oil-biosynthesis-related genes, which regulated by many genes at pre-transcriptional, transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. Recent study reveals that GmDof4 and GmDof11 were found to increase the content of total fatty acids and lipids in GmDof4 and GmDof11 transgenic Arabidopsis seeds, which activated the acetyl CoA carboxylase gene and long-chain-acyl CoA synthetase gene. GmMYB73 overexpression enhanced lipid contents in both seeds and leaves of transgenic Arabidopsis plants by promoting PLDα1 expression whose promoter can be bound and inhibited by GL2. The GmbZIP123 transgene promoted expression of two sucrose transporter genes (SUC1 and SUC5) and three cell-wall invertase genes (cwINV1, cwINV3, and cwINV6) by binding directly to the promoters of these genes, and increased seed oil-content. And GmNFYA promoted master regulator WRI and oil-biosynthesis-related genes to increase seed oil-content. Soybean protein contains 8 kinds of essential amino acids, and is a kind of excellent quality of vegetable protein which can replace some animal protein in the diet. The accumulation of plant oil and protein is often negatively related. GmDof4 and DmDof11 down-regulated the storage protein gene, CRA1, through direct binding promoter although GmDof4 and GmDof11 enhanced seed oil-content. Soybean isoflavones are secondary metabolites formed during the growth of soybean, which have a wide range of biological activities and physiological functions in animals and plants. In recent years, soybean isoflavones have become one of the most attractive functional components, and are also one of the hot spots in food and nutrition research. Flavonoids may regulate the development, growth, propagation and nitrogen fixation of plants by regulating the production of nodules. Beneficial effects of soybean isoflavones are shown in the treatment of breast cancer, prostate cancer, cardiovascular disease and osteoporosis. GmMYB176 can regulate the expression of CHS8, and the interference of GmMYB176 expression decreased the soybean isoflavones levels in hair, indicating that GmMYB176 is essential for isoflavones biosynthesis. This review summarized the recent progresses in the gene cloning and regulation of soybean oil, storage protein and isoflavones accumulation. Other relevant advances and prospects were also compared and discussed. This review may give the current status of the studies on the regulatory mechanisms of soybean nutritional quality.

Key words: soybean, oil, seed storage protein, isoflavones

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