291份甘蔗种质资源黑穗病抗性评价及抗病种质发掘

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2026.19.003

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】Smut is a devastating disease affecting global sugarcane production. Screening for resistant germplasm is crucial for sugarcane disease-resistant breeding. This study aimed to systematically evaluate the resistance levels of sugarcane germplasm from different origins to smut, identify highly resistant germplasm, provide research materials for elucidating resistance mechanisms, and supply excellent parental resources for disease-resistant breeding.【Method】From 2020 to 2021, 291 sugarcane germplasm accessions from domestic and international sources were used. The trials included a plant crop and a ratoon crop (“crop type”) were conducted in Yuanjiang Hani, Yi and Dai Autonomous County, where the smut incidence is the highest in Yunnan province. A mixture of smut teliospores collected from the field (concentration: 5×10⁶ spores/mL) served as the inoculum. Treatments consisted of artificial inoculation and a natural infection area (“treatment”). Disease occurrence in each germplasm was investigated and statistically analyzed. Resistance was evaluated and graded based on incidence, and highly resistant and resistant germplasm were screened, and compared the resistance level among the various sources.【Result】A total of 20 smut-resistant germplasms were screened from 291 germplasms, accounting for 6.87% of the evaluated germplasm, including 4 high-resistant germplasms (1.37%). CP72-3709 showed immunity, and CP96-1252, FR93-910 and Yunzhe02-2332 showed high resistance. Among the remaining germplasms, 14 (4.81%) showed moderately resistant (MR), 74 (25.43%) showed moderately susceptible (MS), 134 (46.05%) showed susceptible (S), and 49 (16.84%) showed highly susceptible (HS). Statistical analysis indicated that disease incidence differed highly significantly (P<0.001) among “treatments”, “crop types”, genotypes, and the interaction between “treatment” and genotype. demonstrating that sugarcane smut incidence is significantly influenced by treatment method, crop type, and genotype. Statistical analysis revealed extremely significant differences (P<0.001) in disease incidence among treatments, crop types, genotypes, and the treatment × genotype interaction. The disease incidence in the artificial inoculation zone (32.16%) was extremely significantly higher than that in the natural infection zone (18.29%), while the incidence in ratoon crops (35.29%) was extremely significantly higher than that in plant cane (15.24%), indicating that sugarcane smut incidence is significantly influenced by inoculation method, crop type, and genotype. The broad-sense heritability was 0.812, suggesting that the variation in disease incidence is primarily governed by genetic factors. Differences in disease incidence were also observed among germplasms from different sources, with germplasms originating from France exhibiting the lowest incidence.【Conclusion】This research obtained the smut resistance of 291 sugarcane germplasms in the highest smut incidence area Yuanjiang county. The 20 resistant germplasms screened in this study collectively constitute a valuable resistance gene pool, providing elite parental resources for resistance breeding. The immune germplasm CP72-3709 can serve as an excellent resistance source for investigating the molecular mechanisms underlying smut resistance, mining resistance genes, and improving smut-resistant sugarcane cultivars. The highly resistant and resistant genotypes, such as CP96-1252, FR93-910, YZ02-2332, CP89-2143, and POJ2878, can be utilized as core parents in resistance breeding programs.

Key words: sugarcane, smut, germplasm resources, resistance evaluation, superior resistant germplasm

PU XinYuan, MA YunFei, ZHAO Jun, ZHAO LiPing, ZHAO XingDong, HU Xin, ZAN FengGang, LIU JiaYong, YANG LiHua, XIA HongMing, LU Xin, RAO XiBing, TANG SiQi, BAI YaDong, ZHANG Jing, REN ShengLin, ZHAO PeiFang. Evaluation of Smut Resistance and Screening of Resistant Germplasm in 291 Sugarcane Accessions[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2026, 59(19): 4221-4234.

Figures/Tables 8

Table 1

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

Table 2

Table 3

Analysis of variance in smut disease incidence among germplasm from different sources"

品种来源 Variety origin	数量 Count	处理方式 Treatment	极小值 Mix (%)	极大值 Max (%)	均值 Mean (%)	标准差 SD	变异系数 CV (%)	偏度 Skewness	峰度 Kurtosis
法国 France	17	人工接种Artificial	2.14	39.77	19.35c	11.33	58.54	0.44	-0.49
法国 France	17	自然感病Natural	0.00	33.14	9.99c	10.61	106.19	1.36	0.84
巴西 Brazil	18	人工接种Artificial	0.00	38.53	22.99bc	10.70	46.53	-0.46	-0.54
巴西 Brazil	18	自然感病Natural	1.23	30.53	11.37bc	9.23	81.16	1.00	-0.31
美国 America	56	人工接种Artificial	0.00	62.74	28.11abc	16.45	58.50	0.06	-0.82
美国 America	56	自然感病Natural	0.00	73.55	14.54abc	12.88	88.60	2.06	6.89
印度尼西亚 Indonesia	4	人工接种Artificial	6.34	56.87	26.89abc	22.23	82.67	0.99	0.27
印度尼西亚 Indonesia	4	自然感病Natural	0.88	21.54	10.69bc	10.13	94.74	0.12	-4.75
菲律宾 Philippines	24	人工接种Artificial	2.81	75.21	29.96abc	19.19	64.07	0.66	-0.11
菲律宾 Philippines	24	自然感病Natural	0.67	56.59	17.01abc	17.03	100.09	1.41	1.04
中国大陆 Mainland China	98	人工接种Artificial	2.89	74.58	35.37ab	17.86	50.48	0.13	-0.75
中国大陆 Mainland China	98	自然感病Natural	0.00	62.07	21.51ab	14.47	67.26	0.70	0.09
中国台湾 Taiwan, China	23	人工接种Artificial	12.17	68.31	32.88abc	14.46	43.99	0.64	0.22
中国台湾 Taiwan, China	23	自然感病Natural	2.44	42.48	18.95abc	10.05	53.02	0.71	0.18
印度 India	7	人工接种Artificial	13.57	49.30	33.87abc	14.29	42.20	-0.58	-1.38
印度 India	7	自然感病Natural	5.08	33.89	16.12abc	9.06	56.23	1.27	2.59
澳大利亚 Australia	37	人工接种Artificial	6.01	78.25	38.53a	19.60	50.87	0.16	-0.52
澳大利亚 Australia	37	自然感病Natural	1.28	63.14	23.63a	16.54	69.99	0.89	0.17
其他 Others	7	人工接种Artificial	14.96	65.52	42.16a	17.58	41.69	-0.55	-0.52
其他 Others	7	自然感病Natural	8.52	47.44	25.50a	12.58	49.35	0.49	0.86
变异品种来源Variety origin	处理Treatment	自由度DF	平方和SS		均方MS		F	P
	人工接种Artificial	9	0.86887		0.09654		3.33824	0.000***
	自然感病Natural	9	0.55652		0.06184		3.26754	0.000***

Table 3

Fig. 3

Table 4

Table 5

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来源 Source	处理及类型 Treatment and type	发病率 Incidence (%)
处理方式 Treatment method	人工接种Artificial	32.16±27.14a
处理方式 Treatment method	自然感病Natural	18.29±22.70b
作物类型 Crop type	新植Plant	15.24±18.16b
作物类型 Crop type	宿根Ratoon	35.29±28.62a

来源 Source	均方 Mean squares	自由度 DF	F	P	广义遗传力 Heritability (H²)
处理方式Treatment (T)	3.262	1	101.20	<0.001***	0.812
作物类型Crop-type (C)	34.526	1	1071.06	<0.001***
品种Variety (G)	0.256	290	7.96	<0.001***
处理方式×作物类型T×C	0.081	1	2.53	0.112
处理方式×品种T×G	0.048	290	1.48	<0.001***

品种名 Variety	品种来源 Variety origin	杂交组合 Hybridized combination	平均发病率 Average incidence (%)		综合抗病等级 Disease resistance grade	综合抗病性 Disease resistance
品种名 Variety	品种来源 Variety origin	杂交组合 Hybridized combination	人工接种 Artificial	自然感病 Natural	综合抗病等级 Disease resistance grade	综合抗病性 Disease resistance
CP72-3709	美国America	—	0.00	0.00	1	HR
CP96-1252	美国America	CP90-1533×CP84-1198	0.93	2.94	1	HR
FR93-910	法国France	—	2.14	0.00	1	HR
YZ02-2332	中国大陆Mainland China	CP70-321×XTT10	2.89	0.00	1	HR
CP89-2143	美国America	CP81-1254×CP72-2086	0.00	5.61	2	R
CP85-1308	美国America	R567×CP74-2013	1.92	3.54	2	R
CP67-412	美国America	CP44-155×CP53-10	3.42	0.85	2	R
VMC95-09	菲律宾The Philippines	Q90×PolyCross	3.60	1.04	2	R
FN91-21	中国大陆Mainland China	CP72-1210×ZZ74-141	4.53	8.43	2	R
YZ89-151	中国大陆Mainland China	GZ64-137×NJ57-416	4.54	3.25	2	R
VMC87-95	菲律宾The Philippines	VMC70-150×COK30	5.20	1.61	2	R
Q124	法国France	NCO310×QN54-7096	2.46	6.67	3	R
YZ06-80	中国大陆Mainland China	XTT25×CP72-3591	2.94	7.12	3	R
YZ89-351	中国大陆Mainland China	YC82-96×GT11	6.28	2.08	3	R
Q90	澳大利亚Australia	TROJAN×CO475	6.29	5.22	3	R
POJ2878	印度尼西亚Indonesia	POJ2364×EK28	6.34	3.35	3	R
HoCP96-540	美国America	LCP86-454×LCP85-384	6.42	5.53	3	R
CP44-101	美国America	Co281×CP1165	7.21	4.04	3	R
CP63-88	美国America	CP65-357×CP56-63	8.30	8.71	3	R
Q75	澳大利亚Australia	CO475×POJ2878	8.53	1.28	3	R

Evaluation of Smut Resistance and Screening of Resistant Germplasm in 291 Sugarcane Accessions

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