海河平原冬小麦源库特征与品质性状的协同演变分析

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2026.19.004

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】This study aimed to investigate the coordinated evolution of source-sink traits and quality traits in winter wheat during cultivar replacement in the Haihe Plain, thereby providing a theoretical basis for breeding and agronomic management aimed at simultaneously achieving high yield and high quality.【Method】Thirty major winter wheat cultivars approved from the 1950s to the present were evaluated in field experiments conducted over three wheat-growing seasons (2022-2025) at the Xinji Experimental Station, Agricultural University of Hebei. Source traits (leaf area index and net photosynthetic rate), sink traits (grain number per unit area, grain-filling rate, and yield), and quality traits (protein fractions, starch properties, and processing quality) were measured. Carbon-to-nitrogen (C/N) ratios and the activities of enzymes associated with carbon and nitrogen metabolism were also determined. Linear mixed-effects models and Mantel tests were used to characterize the temporal trends in source-sink traits and quality traits and to assess their relationships.【Result】Cultivar replacement improved source-sink traits. Source activity (net photosynthetic rate) increased by 0.66 μmol·m^-2·s^-1 per decade, whereas sink size (grain number per unit area) and sink activity (average grain-filling rate) increased by 626.56 grains/m² and 0.03 mg/(grain·d) per decade, respectively, resulting in an increase in sink strength (grain yield) of 551.77 kg·hm^-2 per decade. However, this process induced a pronounced “carbon dilution effect”, disrupting the balance between yield and quality: amylopectin content increased significantly by 0.31% per decade, whereas total protein content decreased by 0.23% per decade. Processing-quality parameters, including sedimentation value and wet gluten content, decreased significantly by 0.96 mL and 0.71%, respectively, per decade. Moreover, protein-related traits were significantly negatively correlated with source activity and sink strength. The activities of enzymes involved in carbon and nitrogen metabolism showed that cultivar replacement significantly increased the activities of key enzymes, including sucrose synthase and glutamine synthetase, leading to a 1.44 per-decade increase in the grain C/N ratio, whereas the C/N ratios of stems and leaves decreased significantly. This further indicated that cultivar replacement altered patterns of carbon and nitrogen metabolic partitioning.【Conclusion】Modern high-yielding cultivars achieved substantial yield gains through coordinated source-sink improvement by enhancing source activity and expanding sink capacity; however, relatively insufficient nitrogen accumulation in grains made it difficult to improve yield and quality simultaneously. Agronomic practices, such as shifting nitrogen application to the flowering stage and regulating water supply during grain filling, combined with the breeding of cultivars with high nitrogen assimilation or remobilization efficiency, were recommended to alleviate the carbon dilution effect and achieve coordinated improvements in yield and quality. These findings provid a theoretical basis for breeding and agronomic management strategies that coordinate high yield with high quality and promote high-yield, high-efficiency wheat production.

Key words: wheat, cultivar replacement, source-sink theory, protein content, starch content, processing quality

DU RuiRui, HUANG XueJue, YU Yang, SUN MengMeng, LI ZhenLei, JIANG WenNa, LIU XiaoLi, ZHEN WenChao, WANG YanDong. Evolution of Source-Sink Traits and End-Use Quality in Winter Wheat During Cultivar Replacement in the Haihe Plain[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2026, 59(19): 4235-4249.

Figures/Tables 8

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年代Year	审定年份Year of release	品种名Cultivar name	骨干亲本Founder parent
1950s	1956	石家庄407 Shijiazhuang 407	胜利麦/燕大1817 Shenglimai/Yanda 1817
1960s	1969	泰山1号Taishan 1	欧柔Ourou
	1964	石家庄54 Shijiazhuang 54	碧蚂4号/早洋麦Bima 4/Zaoyangmai
	1960	济南2号Jinan 2	碧蚂4号/早洋麦Bima 4/Zaoyangmai
	1963	农大311 Nongda 311	胜利麦/燕大1817 Shenglimai/Yanda 1817
	1965	北京8号Beijing 8	碧蚂4号/早洋麦Bima 4/Zaoyangmai
1970s	1973	冀麦3号Jimai 3	碧蚂4号/早洋麦Bima 4/Zaoyangmai
	1978	冀麦1号Jimai 1	欧柔Ourou
	1977	冀麦7号Jimai 7	丰产3号Fengchan 3
	1976	冀麦2号Jimai 2	北京8号//H.H/欧柔Beijing 8//H.H/Ourou
1980s	1988	冀麦26号Jimai 26	劳夫林10号Lovelin 10
1980s	1988	冀麦30号Jimai 30	欧柔Ourou
1990s	1994	冀麦36号Jimai 36	碧蚂4号/早洋麦Bima 4/Zaoyangmai
	1997	衡4041 Heng 4041	劳夫林10号Lovelin 10
	1997	石4185 Shi 4185	劳夫林10号Lovelin 10
	1996	冀麦38号Jimai 38	劳夫林10号Lovelin 10
	1999	邯4589 Han 4589	邯4032 Han 4032
	1998	沧6001 Cang 6001	临汾6154/冀麦32 Linfen 6154/Jimai 32
2000s	2001	邯6172 Han 6172	邯4032 Han 4032
	2001	衡95观26 Heng 95 Guan 26	劳夫林10号Lovelin 10
	2001	石家庄8号Shijiazhuang 8	劳夫林10号Lovelin 10
	2008	衡4399 Heng 4399	邯4032 Han 4032
	2004	衡观35 Hengguan 35	劳夫林10号Lovelin 10
	2006	济麦22 Jimai 22	丰产3号Fengchan 3
	2004	师栾02-1 Shiluan 02-1	临漳麦Linzhangmai
	2005	石麦15 Shimai 15	劳夫林10号Lovelin 10
2010s	2011	石麦22 Shimai 22	劳夫林10号Lovelin 10
2010s	2014	石农086 Shinong 086	邯4032 Han 4032
2020s	2021	马兰1号Malan 1	丰产3号Fengchan 3
2020s	2020	马兰6号Malan 6	河农6425系选Selection from Henong 6425

Evolution of Source-Sink Traits and End-Use Quality in Winter Wheat During Cultivar Replacement in the Haihe Plain

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