Scientia Agricultura Sinica ›› 2026, Vol. 59 ›› Issue (15): 3387-3399.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2026.15.011

• HORTICULTURE • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Screening Evaluation and Physiological Difference Analysis of Kiwifruit Germplasm Resources for Tolerance to Combined Stress of Iron Deficiency and Waterlogging

FENG YaQing1(), SUN YaHan1(), ZHOU QiaoHui1, LIN Peng1, LI JiaYi1, WANG HuiShen1, LIU Tao2, LIU ZhanDe1, WANG NanNan1()   

  1. 1 College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi
    2 Institute of Economic Crop Research, Shiyan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shiyan 442700, Hubei
  • Received:2026-03-10 Accepted:2026-05-09 Online:2026-08-01 Published:2026-08-03
  • Contact: WANG NanNan

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Abstract:

【Objective】To screen kiwifruit germplasm with tolerance to combined stress of iron (Fe) deficiency and waterlogging, and to clarify physiological and biochemical differences under single or combined stresses of the two factors, so as to provide a scientific basis and genetic resources for the breeding of kiwifruit germplasm tolerant to Fe deficiency and waterlogging.【Method】Seventeen tissue-cultured kiwifruit genotypes belonging to four species, namely Actinidia chinensis (Ac), A. macrosperma (Am), A. polygama (Ap) and A. valvata (Av), were used to determine plant growth parameters, leaf net photosynthetic rate (Pn), and biomass in various parts for assessing the tolerance differences under combined stress of Fe deficiency and waterlogging. Moreover, two tolerance-contrasting genotypes (Av1 and Av5) from the same kiwifruit species were analyzed for the similarities and differences in physiological responses to combined stress.【Result】Using the weight-based membership function method and cluster analysis, the combined tolerance of the seventeen kiwifruit genotypes was classified into three groups: High tolerant, including Av1, Av2, Am1, Av3, Av4, Am2, Ap1, Am3, and Av5; Medium tolerant, including Acd1, XX, Ap2, YX, Acd2, and HWD; And low tolerant, including QH and QM. Across kiwifruit species, the greatest tolerance was observed in Av and Am, followed by Ap, and then Ac. The superior tolerance of Av and Am was related to their excellent aboveground performance, including plant height, new leaf number, leaf area, leaf length and width, fresh weight of aboveground parts and whole plant; and that of Ap was associated with its good root performance, including root volume and root fresh and dry weight. Combined stress enhanced proton extrusion, ferric chelate reductase activity and Fe concentration in roots of both genotypes. However, in new leaves, combined stress decreased Fe concentration in Av5 but increased that in Av1, which contributed to more positive root physiological regulation in Av5. Both waterlogging and combined stresses increased root porosity of both genotypes. In Av1, combined stress increased cortex proportion and decreased the ratio of the endodermis to phloem of roots and stems. Additionally, combined stress increased C/N in various plant organs, particularly for Av1.【Conclusion】The tolerance in combined Fe deficiency and waterlogging stress differed substantially among four kiwifruit species or different genotypes within the same species. Compared with Av5, Av1 is better able to uptake and transport Fe, to adjust anatomical structures of roots and stems, and to raise C/N in various plant organs, thereby performing better in tolerance to combined stress of Fe deficiency and waterlogging.

Key words: Actinidia, germplasm resources, iron deficiency tolerance, waterlogging tolerance, combinatorial stress

Fig. 1

A schematic diagram of the treatments of Fe deficiency and waterlogging stresses CT: Control; Bic: Fe deficiency stress; WL: Waterlogging stress; Bic+WL: Combined stress of Fe deficiency and waterlogging. The same as below"

Fig. 2

Cross-sectional structure of roots and stems in Actinidia valvata kiwifruit species"

Fig. 3

Plant phenotypes of 17 kiwifruit germplasms under combined stress of Fe deficiency and waterlogging after 35 days Each germplasm name is marked in the lower right corner of the photos, the left one is the control, and the right one is the combined stress of Fe deficiency and waterlogging. bar=5 cm"

Fig. 4

Effects of combined stress of Fe deficiency and waterlogging on kiwifruit plant growth-related parameters SS: Stress sensibility; **: Significant at P<0.01; NS: Not significant. The same as below"

Table 1

Principle component (PC) analysis and weight of the growth-related parameters in seventeen kiwifruit genotypes"

参数Parameter PC1 PC2 PC3 每个参数权重Weight per parameter (%)
整株干重Plant dry weight 0.903 -0.326 0.170 8.755
地上部干重Shoot dry weight 0.901 -0.226 0.224 8.561
整株鲜重Plant fresh weight 0.971 -0.030 -0.008 8.406
地上部鲜重Shoot fresh weight 0.940 0.125 0.022 8.392
根鲜重Root fresh weight 0.805 -0.515 -0.058 8.238
叶面积Leaf area 0.757 0.568 0.200 8.136
叶宽Leaf width 0.764 0.553 0.115 8.052
根体积Root volume 0.762 -0.556 -0.091 8.012
新叶数New leaf number 0.795 0.237 -0.318 7.798
根干重Root dry weight 0.727 -0.626 0.011 7.783
叶长Leaf length 0.691 0.584 0.279 7.710
株高Plant height 0.710 0.342 -0.430 7.468
SPAD -0.162 -0.108 0.819 2.687
特征值Eigenvalue 8.009 2.296 1.179
贡献率Contribution (%) 61.609 17.662 9.069

Fig. 5

Tolerance evaluation and growth-responsive characterization of different kiwifruit genotypes on combined stress of Fe deficiency and waterlogging A: Genotypic tolerance scores; B: Species tolerance scores; C: Tolerance variations in growth phenotypic traits across species; D: Tolerance variations in biomass across species. H: High-tolerant type; M: Medium-tolerant type; L: Low-tolerant type. Different letters indicate significant differences at P<0.05. The same as below"

Fig. 6

Effects of Fe deficiency, waterlogging and their combined stress on kiwifruit plant phenotype(A) and growth-related parameters (B-I) bar=5 cm"

Fig. 7

Effects of Fe deficiency, waterlogging and their combined stress on root H+ extrusion (A-B) and FCR activity (C), and Fe content (D-G) in various kiwifruit plant parts Yellow indicates low pH, and purple indicates high pH; bar=5 cm. D: New leaves; E: Old leaves; F: Stems; G: Roots"

Fig. 8

Effects of Fe deficiency, waterlogging and their combined stress on cross-sectional structure of roots and stems and root porosity A: Root cross-section; B: Stem cross-section; C: Root diameter; D: Stem diameter; E: Root porosity; F: Proportions of different root tissues; G: Proportions of different stem tissues; H: Ratio of cortex and endodermis to stele in roots. bar=1 mm"

Fig. 9

Effects of Fe deficiency, waterlogging and their combined stress on carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) contents and C/N of various kiwifruit plant parts A, E and I: New leaves; B, F and J: Old leaves; C, G and K: Stems; D, H and L: Roots"

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