葡萄果实品质性状遗传特性与基因位点解析研究进展

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2026.11.011

Abstract

Abstract:

Berry quality is a core objective of grapevine breeding. Most related traits are quantitative characteristics controlled by multiple genes, which are susceptible to the combined effects of genetic background and environmental factors. Deciphering the genetic basis of these traits is of great significance for molecular design breeding of grapes. This study systematically reviews the genetic characteristics of grape berry quality traits (e.g., berry size, texture, sugar and acid content, color, seedlessness, and aroma) and summarizes the research progress over the past three decades in identifying QTLs/candidate genes for quality traits using linkage analysis in bi-parental segregating populations and association analysis in natural populations. Grape berry size, shape and texture are typical polygenic quantitative traits with high broad-sense heritability; traits such as berry color, seedlessness and muscat flavor exhibit dual genetic characteristics of both qualitative and quantitative traits, which are regulated by major genes combined with minor genes. In addition, the phenotypic expression of most quality traits is significantly affected by environmental factors such as cultivation practices, light and temperature. In terms of linkage analysis, a total of approximately 386 QTLs associated with grape berry quality traits were mapped using about 60 hybrid populations dominated by F₁ generations, among which the number of QTLs related to sugar and acid content was the largest. Major QTLs for seedlessness, berry size, texture and other traits were identified on linkage group 18, and a major QTL for muscat aroma was detected on linkage group 5. Meanwhile, key candidate genes such as VviAGL11, DXS and MYBA1/2 were excavated, and their core regulatory roles in seedlessness, muscat aroma and berry color were clarified. For association analysis, candidate gene association analysis confirmed that the sequence polymorphisms of gene clusters such as VvMybA and genes including DXS were significantly associated with fruit color, muscat aroma and other traits, and some genes exhibited pleiotropy. Genome-wide association analysis has identified a large number of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) loci and structural variations (SVs) related to berry quality traits, among which SVs contribute more to the genetic regulation of some traits than SNPs. At present, the application of molecular markers in grape quality breeding is still limited to traits controlled by major genes such as berry color, seedlessness and muscat aroma, and marker-assisted selection has not been practically applied to complex quantitative traits such as berry size and texture. Currently, the gene mapping of grape berry quality traits is still faced with challenges such as insufficient mapping accuracy, difficulties in multi-omics data integration, complexity in deciphering multi-gene interaction networks, and poor stability of molecular markers. In the future, relying on super pan-genome and high-throughput phenotyping platforms, combined with technologies such as deep learning and gene editing, it is necessary to strengthen research on gene-environment interactions, improve the accuracy of QTL mapping and the efficiency of gene function analysis, and construct an efficient molecular breeding technology system, so as to provide theoretical support and technical guarantee for the cultivation of high-quality grape varieties. This paper aims to offer a comprehensive literature reference and theoretical foundation for subsequent molecular design breeding of premium grape cultivars.

Key words: grape, berry quality traits, QTL mapping, GWAS, molecular breeding

WANG HuiLing, WANG XiaoYue, YAN AiLing, LIU ZhenHua, REN JianCheng, LU HaoCheng, SUN Lei. Research Progress in Genetic Characteristics and Loci Mapping for Grape Berry Quality Traits[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2026, 59(11): 2447-2467.

Figures/Tables 4

Fig. 1

Table 1

Summary of QTL mapping for grape berry quality traits"

性状分类 Trait category	细分性状及定位连锁群 Sub traits and linked group (LG)	参考文献 Reference
果实大小 Berry size	果实单重：LG1—LG2、LG4—LG19；果实纵径：LG5—LG6、LG8、LG15、LG17和LG18；果实横径：LG2、LG6、LG9、LG17—LG18；果实体积：LG2、LG12、LG17—LG18；果实面积：LG6和LG17 Berry weight: LG1-LG2, LG4-LG19; Berry length: LG5-LG6, LG8, LG15, LG17-LG18; Berry diameter: LG2, LG6, LG9, LG17-LG18; Berry volume: LG2, LG12, LG17-LG18; Berry area: LG6, LG17	[4-7,9 -10,20,23,31,40 -42,59,60 -63]
果实形状 Berry shape	果形指数：LG4—LG5、LG8—LG9、LG17—LG18 Shape index：LG4-LG5, LG8-LG9, LG17-LG18	[7-8,66 -67]
果实质地 Berry texture	果实硬度：LG1、LG3—LG6、LG8、LG10—LG11、LG13—LG14、LG17—LG18；果实黏性：LG12、LG17—LG18；果实咀嚼性：LG18；果实凝聚性：LG13、LG15、LG17—LG18；果实弹性：LG17—LG18；果肉硬度：LG1、LG4、LG6、LG8、LG10；果皮穿刺硬度：LG6、LG10—LG11、LG14、LG16—LG17；果皮脆性：LG3、LG6、LG9、LG14、LG16；多汁性：LG19 Berry firmness: LG1, LG3- LG6, LG8, LG10-LG11, LG13-LG14, LG17-LG18; Berry gumminess: LG12, LG17-LG18; Berry chewiness: LG18; Berry cohesiveness: LG13, LG15, LG17-LG18; Berry resilience: LG17-LG18; Mesocarp firmness: LG1, LG4, LG6, LG8, LG10; Pericarp puncture hardness: LG6, LG10-LG11, LG14, LG16-LG17; Pericarp brittleness: LG3, LG6, LG9, LG14, LG16; Juiciness: LG19	[8,10,15 -17,59,68 -69]
糖酸含量 Sugar and acid content	可溶性固形物含量：LG1—LG3、LG6、LG13；酸碱度：LG1、LG4、LG6、LG8、LG10—LG11、LG13—LG14、LG16—LG18；可滴定酸含量：LG1—LG2、LG5—LG7、LG9、LG13、LG17、LG19；可溶性固形物含量/可滴定酸含量：LG1—LG2、LG4；酸含量：LG2、LG4—LG9、LG12—LG14、LG17、LG19；糖含量：LG2、LG7—LG8、LG16—LG17、LG19；果糖：LG4、LG11、LG14、LG17；葡萄糖：LG14；果糖/葡萄糖：LG2—LG3、LG5、LG7、LG9、LG17；苹果酸：LG1、LG4—LG10、LG14—LG15、LG17—LG18；酒石酸：LG2、LG6、LG8、LG13、LG18—LG19；酒石酸/苹果酸：LG1、LG5—LG6、LG8、LG10—LG11、LG18；酒石酸+苹果酸：LG5；钾离子：LG2；钾离子/酒石酸：LG13 Total soluble solid content: LG1-LG3, LG6, LG13; pH value: LG1, LG4, LG6, LG8, LG10-LG11, LG13-LG14, LG16-LG18; Titratable acidity: LG1-LG2, LG5-LG7, LG9, LG13, LG17, LG19; Total soluble solid content/Titratable acidity: LG1-LG2, LG4; Acids: LG2, LG4-LG9, LG12-LG14, LG17, LG19; Sugars: LG2, LG7-LG8, LG16-LG17, LG19; Fructose: LG4, LG11, LG14, LG17; Glucose: LG14; Fructose/Glucose: LG2-LG3, LG5, LG7, LG9, LG17; Malic acid: LG1, LG4-LG10, LG14-LG15, LG17-LG18; Tartaric acid: LG2, LG6, LG8, LG13, LG18-LG19; Tartaric acid: LG2, LG6, LG8, LG13, LG18-LG19; Tartaric acid/Malic acid: LG1, LG5-LG6, LG8, LG10-LG11, LG18; Tartaric acid+Malic acid: LG5; K⁺: LG2; K⁺/Tartaric acid: LG13	[10,19 -21,23 -27,31,67,70]
果实颜色 Berry color	花色苷：LG1—LG4、LG6—LG10、LG12—LG14、LG16—LG19；花色苷甲基化水平：LG1—LG2；花色苷糖基转移酶：LG2、LG16；果实颜色：LG2、LG4；色差：LG2、LG4；颜色等级：LG2；三羟基化花青素：LG2、LG4；甲基化花青素：LG2、LG4、LG6；酰基化花青素：LG2、LG4、LG6、LG11、LG17；红色：LG1-LG2；绿色：LG1—LG2；蓝色：LG6、LG15；亮度：LG2；红绿色值：LG2、LG10；蓝黄色值：LG2；色调：LG1—LG2、LG7、LG10；饱和度：LG1—LG2；强度：LG2 Anthocyanins: LG1-LG4, LG6-LG10, LG12-LG14, LG16-LG19; Methylation level of anthocyanins: LG1-LG2; UDP-glucose flavonoid 7-O-glucosyltransferase: LG2, LG16; Berry color: LG2, LG4; Chromatic aberration: LG2, LG4; Color grade: LG2; Trihydroxylated anthocyanins: LG2, LG4; Methylated anthocyanins: LG2, LG4, LG6; Acylated anthocyanins: LG2, LG4, LG6, LG11, LG17; Red: LG1-LG2; Green: LG1-LG2; Blue: LG6, LG15; Lightness: LG2; Red-green: LG2, LG10; Blue-yellow: LG2; Hue: LG1-LG2, LG7, LG10; Saturation: LG1-LG2; Intensity: LG2	[29,31 -35,59,67,73 -77]
无核性状 Seedless	种子重量：LG1—LG2、LG4—LG6、LG8—LG16、LG18—LG19；种子数量：LG1—LG2、LG4—LG5、LG7—LG8、LG11—LG14、LG16、LG18；每个果实中种子重量：LG4、LG9、LG13—LG14、LG18；种子大小：LG6—LG8、LG11、LG13、LG17 Seed weight: LG1-LG2, LG4-LG6, LG8-LG16, LG18-LG19; Seed number: LG1-LG2, LG4-LG5, LG7-LG8, LG11-LG14, LG16, LG18; Seed fresh weight per berry: LG4, LG9, LG13-LG14, LG18; Seed size: LG6-LG8, LG11, LG13, LG17	[4-5,9,23,40 -42,78 -81]
玫瑰香味 Muscat flavor	单萜：LG1—LG3、LG5、LG7—LG8、LG10—LG19；玫瑰香味：LG5；关键途径基因表达：LG6、LG12、LG16；降异戊二烯：LG2 Monoterpenes: LG1-LG3, LG5, LG7-LG8, LG10-LG19; Muscat flavor: LG5; Key gene expression: LG6, LG12, LG16; Norisoprenoids: LG2	[8,44,46 -47,87 -91]
涩味 Astringency	单宁：LG2；果皮原花色素含量：LG1—LG2、LG8、LG13、LG17；种子原花色素含量：LG1—LG4、LG8、LG10、LG12—LG14、LG16—LG18；不同原花色素组分：LG1—LG6、LG8、LG10、LG13、LG17—LG19；聚合度：LG4、LG14、LG17 Tannins: LG2; Skin proanthocyanidins content: LG1-LG2, LG8, LG13, LG17; Seed proanthocyanidins content: LG1-LG4, LG8, LG10, LG12-LG14, LG16-LG18; Skin Different proanthocyanidins component: LG1-LG6, LG8, LG10, LG13, LG17-LG19; Degree of polymerisation: LG4, LG14, LG17	[27,92 -93]

Table 1

Table 2

Summary of candidate-gene association studies in grapevine"

品质性状 Quality traits	群体大小Population size	分子标记（数目）Molecular markers (number)	候选基因 Candidate genes	参考文献 Reference
果实颜色Berry colour	168	SNP (46)	VvMybA1	[28]
花色苷 Anthocyanins	141	SNP (78)	MYB基因簇（VvMybA1、VvMybA2、VvMybA3、VvMybA4） MYB gene cluster (VvMybA1, VvMybA2, VvMybA3, VvMybA4)	[29]
甲基化花色苷 Methylated anthocyanins	50	SNP (37)	花色苷甲基转移酶基因1和2（VviAOMT1和VviAOMT2） Anthocyanin O-methyltransferase 1 and 2 (VviAOMT1, VviAOMT2)	[75]
颜色、花色苷 Berry color, anthocyanins	149	SNP (124)	花色苷合成相关15个基因 15 genes related to anthocyanins biosynthesis	[94]
原花色素 Proanthocyanidins	141	SNP (110)	原花色素合成相关9个基因 9 genes related to proanthocyanidins biosynthesis	[93]
原花色素 Proanthocyanidins	141	SNP (81)	Cob家族基因（VviCob-like）)，丝氨酸羧肽酶样基因（VviGat-like），MYB转录因子（VviMybC2-L1） Cob family gene (VviCob-like), serine carboxy peptidase-like (SCPL) gene (VviGat-like), MYB-type transcription factor family (VviMybC2-L1)	[95]
玫瑰香味 Muscat flavor	148	SNP (102)	1-脱氧-D-木酮糖-5-磷酸合酶（VvDXS） 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate synthase (VvDXS)	[84]
玫瑰香味 Muscat flavor	92	SNP (22)	1-脱氧-D-木酮糖-5-磷酸合酶（VvDXS） 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate synthase (VvDXS)	[96]
萜品醇α-Terpineol	61	SNP (20)	α-萜品醇合酶基因（α-TPS） α-Terpineol synthase gene (α-TPS)	[97]
单粒重Berry weight	38	SNP (447)	果肉缺失突变（Flb）Fleshless berry mutation (Flb)	[98]
果实质地Berry texture	96	SNP (32)	果胶裂解酶（VvPel）Pectate lyase (VvPel)	[100]
果实质地Berry texture、果实横径、出汁率Berry width, juiciness	127	SNP (15)	赤霉素不敏感蛋白（VvGAI1） 1DELLA subfamily (VvGAI1)	[101]
果实大小、穗长、穗宽、穗重 Berry size, cluster length, cluster width, cluster weight	140	SNP (60)	终端开花基因（VvTFL1A） TERMINAL FLOWER 1A (VvTFL1A)	[102]
果实纵径、横径、单粒重、体积 Berry length, berry width, berry weight, berry volume	114	SNP (69)	NAC结构域转录因子26（VvNAC26） NAC domain-containing transcription factor 26 (VvNAC26)	[64]
果穗紧密度Cluster compactness	114	SNP (7032)	183个候选基因183 related candidate genes	[103]
果穗紧密度Cluster compactness	114	SNP (80)	VvUCC1植物特异性细胞壁蛋白Uclacyanin plant-specific cell-wall protein	[99]
无核Seedlessness	124	SNP (537)	AGAMOUS类似基因11 AGAMOUS-LIKE11 (VvAGL11)	[79]
种子Seed	114	SNP (15309)	289个基因289 related candidate genes	[104]

Table 2

Table 3

Summary of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in grapevine"

年份Year	群体大小Population size	分子标记类型（数目）Molecular markers (number)	性状及显著关联染色体位点 Quality traits (significant associated chromosomes)	参考文献 Reference
2011	289	SNP (5110)	果皮颜色（Chr.2） Berry color (Chr.2)	[105]
2017	96	SSR (187)	里那醇（Chr.1、Chr.5、Chr.7、Chr.19）；萜品醇（Chr.1、Chr.5、Chr.7、Chr.16、Chr.17、Chr.18）；橙花醇（Chr.1、Chr.2、Chr.3、Chr.4、Chr.5、Chr.6、Chr.8、Chr.13、Chr.14、Chr.16、Chr.19）；香叶醇（Chr.1、Chr.2、Chr.3、Chr.4、Chr.5、Chr.7、Chr.9） Linalool (Chr.1, Chr.5, Chr.7, Chr.19); Terpineol (Chr.1, Chr.5, Chr.7, Chr.16, Chr.17, Chr.18); Nerol (Chr.1, Chr.2, Chr.3, Chr.4, Chr.5, Chr.6, Chr.8, Chr.13, Chr.14, Chr.16, Chr.19); Geraniol (Chr.1, Chr.2, Chr.3, Chr.4, Chr.5, Chr.7, Chr.9)	[129]
2017	199	SNP (414233)	无核（Chr.5、Chr.6、Chr.10、Chr.17、Chr.18） Seedlessness (Chr.5, Chr.6, Chr.10, Chr.17, Chr.18)	[121]
2017	1817	SNP (9114)	果皮颜色（Chr.2）；玫瑰香气（Chr.5、Chr.8）；果实大小（Chr.11） Berry color (Chr.2); Muscat flavor (Chr.5, Chr.8); Berry size (Chr.11)	[106]
2017	304	SNP (481192)	果形（Chr.2） Berry shape (Chr.2)	[119]
2018	86	SNP (26893)	果粒单重（Chr.6）；可溶性固形物（Chr.14） Berry weight (Chr.6); Total soluble solid content (Chr.14)	[107]
2018	783	SNP (10207)	穗重（Chr.13）；酸度（Chr.2）；玫瑰香味（Chr.5）；无核（Chr.6、Chr.9、Chr.19）；果实颜色（Chr.2） Cluster weight (Chr.13); Acid (Chr.2); Muscat flavor (Chr.5); Seedlessness (Chr.6, Chr.9, Chr.19); Berry color (Chr.2)	[108]
2019	179	SNP (32311)	果实颜色（Chr.2）；单粒重（Chr.18、Chr.17、Chr.19）；果实质地（Chr.16）；玫瑰香味（Chr.5） Berry color (Chr.2); Berry weight (Chr.18, Chr.17, Chr.19); Berry texture (Chr.16); Muscat flavor (Chr.5)	[109]
2019	472	SNP (873000)	果形指数（Chr.1、Chr.3、Chr.7、Chr.8、Chr.10、Chr.15） Berry shape index (Chr.1, Chr.3, Chr.7, Chr.8, Chr.10, Chr.15)	[110]
2020	33	SNP (5373452)	无核（Chr.1、Chr.8、Chr.18）Seedlessness (Chr.1, Chr.8, Chr.18)	[123]
2021	88	SNP (68600)	种子果实比重（Chr.17）Seed/berry ratio (Chr.17)	[122]
2022	279	SNP (63000)	果实单粒重（Chr.1、Chr.2、Chr.8、Chr.11、Chr.15、Chr.17）；苹果酸（Chr.9、Chr.12、Chr.18）；柠檬酸（Chr.3）；葡萄糖/果糖（Chr.2）；单宁聚合度（Chr.2、Chr.17）；花色苷总量（Chr.2）；花色苷组分（Chr2、Chr.13） Berry weight (Chr.1, Chr.2, Chr.8, Chr.11, Chr.15, Chr.17); Malic acid (Chr.9, Chr.12, Chr.18); Citric acid (Chr.3); Glusose/fructose ratio (Chr.2); Tannin polymerization degree (Chr.2, Chr.17); Anthocyanin content (Chr.2); Anthocyanin components (Chr.2, Chr.13)	[111]
2022	356	rhAmpSeq (1599)	果实颜色（Chr.2、Chr.4、Chr.13、Chr.16、Chr.17）；果实纵径（Chr.2、Chr.5、Chr.10、Chr.15、Chr.18、Chr.19）；果实横径（Chr.1、Chr.2、Chr.5、Chr.10、Chr.15、Chr.18）；果实单粒重（Chr.2、Chr.3、Chr.6、Chr.7、Chr.9、Chr.13）；果实硬度（Chr.2、Chr.3、Chr.8）；种子数（Chr.7、Chr.17）；单穗粒数（Chr.5、Chr.7、Chr.14）；单穗重（Chr.17） Berry color (Chr.2, Chr.4, Chr.13, Chr.16, Chr.17); Berry length (Chr.2, Chr.5, Chr.10, Chr.15, Chr.18, Chr.19); Berry width (Chr.1, Chr.2, Chr.5, Chr.10, Chr.15, Chr.18); Berry weight (Chr.2, Chr.3, Chr.6, Chr.7, Chr.9, Chr.13); Berry firmness (Chr.2, Chr.3, Chr.8); Seed number (Chr.7, Chr.17); Berry number per cluster (Chr.5, Chr.7, Chr.14); Cluster weight (Chr.17)	[132]
2022	348	rhAmpSeq (1599)	果实颜色（Chr.4） Berry color (Chr.4)	[133]
2022	287	SNP (601261)	果实裂果指数（Chr.1、Chr.2、Chr.3、Chr.18）；裂果类型（Chr.18） Berry cracking index (Chr.1, Chr.2, Chr.3, Chr.18); Cracking type (Chr.18)	[128]
2022	279	SNP (566129)	弯曲果形指数（Chr.3、Chr.7、Chr.9、Chr.13、Chr.16）；果形指数外部（Chr.3、Chr.9、Chr.13、Chr.16）；内部果形指数（Chr.2、Chr.3、Chr.4、Chr.6、Chr.7、Chr.8、Chr.9、Chr.10、Chr.12、Chr.13、Chr.16、Chr.19） Curved fruit shape index (Chr.3, Chr.7, Chr.9, Chr.13, Chr.16); Fruit shape index external (Chr.3, Chr.9, Chr.13, Chr.16); Fruit shape index internal (Chr.2, Chr.3, Chr.4, Chr.6, Chr.7, Chr.8, Chr.9, Chr.10, Chr.12, Chr.13, Chr.16, Chr.19)	[120]
2023	117	SNP (12734)	玫瑰香味（Chr.5、Chr.18）；果实颜色（Chr.2） Muscat flavor (Chr.5, Chr.18); Berry color (Chr.2)	[117]
2023	149（F₁）	SNP (568953)	降异戊二烯（Chr.5、Chr.10、Chr.8） Isoprenoids (Chr.5, Chr.10, Chr.8)	[130]
2023	150	SNP (3401402)	果实单粒重（Chr.1、Chr.5、Chr.11、Chr.16）；种子数目和质量（Chr.18） Berry weight (Chr.1, Chr.5, Chr.11, Chr.16); Seed number and weight (Chr.18)	[39]
2024	437	SNP (2124668)	果实质地（Chr.3、Chr.4、Chr.6、Chr.7、Chr.8、Chr.9、Chr.10、Chr.11、Chr.12、Chr.13、Chr.14、Chr.15、Chr.16、Chr.18、Chr.19） Berry texture (Chr.3, Chr.4, Chr.6, Chr.7, Chr.8, Chr.9, Chr.10, Chr.11, Chr.12, Chr.13, Chr.14, Chr.15, Chr.16, Chr.18, Chr.19)	[126]
2024	122	SNP (108777)	穗长（Chr.9、Chr.15）；果粒重（Chr.3、Chr.5）；果粒纵径（Chr.4、Chr.5、Chr.9、Chr.19）；果粒横径（Chr.4、Chr.5、Chr.13、Chr.15、Chr.17） Cluster length (Chr.9, Chr.15); Berry weight (Chr.3, Chr.5); Berry length (Chr.4, Chr.5, Chr.9, Chr.19); Berry weight (Chr.4, Chr.5, Chr.13, Chr.15, Chr.17)	[112]
2024	588	SNP (49210)	种子鲜重（Chr.1、Chr.2、Chr.9、Chr.11、Chr.13、Chr.14、Chr.15、Chr.19）；种子干重（Chr.1、Chr.4、Chr.18、Chr.19）；果实纵径（Chr.3, Chr.5, Chr.8, Chr.11, Chr.14）；果实横径（Chr.2, Chr.5, Chr.6, Chr.7, Chr.8, Chr.11, Chr.17, Chr.18）；果形（Chr.1, Chr.4, Chr.5, Chr.8, Chr.9, Chr.10, Chr.14, Chr.16, Chr.18）；果实单粒重（Chr.15） Seed fresh weight (Chr.1, Chr.2, Chr.9, Chr.11, Chr.13, Chr.14, Chr.15, Chr.19); Seed dry weight (Chr.1, Chr.4, Chr.18, Chr.19); Berry length (Chr.3, Chr.5, Chr.8, Chr.11, Chr.14); Berry width (Chr.2, Chr.5, Chr.6, Chr.7, Chr.8, Chr.11, Chr.17, Chr.18); Berry shape (Chr.1, Chr.4, Chr.5, Chr.8, Chr.9, Chr.10, Chr.14, Chr.16, Chr.18); Berry weight (Chr.15)	[113]
2024	444	SNPs (4462797), InDels (443812 ), SVs (487204)	无核性状（Chr.1、Chr.4、Chr.5、Chr.7、Chr.8、Chr.9、Chr.10、Chr.11、Chr.12、Chr.13、Chr.14、Chr.15、Chr.18、Chr.19） Seedlessness (Chr.1, Chr.4, Chr.5, Chr.7, Chr.8, Chr.9, Chr.10, Chr.11, Chr.12, Chr.13, Chr.14, Chr.15, Chr.18, Chr.19)	[124]
2024	324	SNPs和Indel (9105787), SVs (236449)	颜色（Chr.2）；果实单重（Chr.1、Chr.6、Chr.8、Chr.9、Chr.13）；果实体积（Chr.6、Chr.8、Chr.9、Chr.10、Chr.11、Chr.15、Chr.18）；果实纵径（Chr.7、Chr.10）；果实横径（Chr.6、Chr.8、Chr.9、Chr.11、Chr.15、Chr.17）；种子长度（Chr.1、Chr.5、Chr.6、Chr.8、Chr.9、Chr.10、Chr.18、Chr.19）；种子数量（Chr.1、Chr.5、Chr.6、Chr.8、Chr.17、Chr.18）；果实形状（Chr.3、Chr.7、Chr.12）；果肉硬度（Chr.2、Chr.6、Chr.12、Chr.16）；出汁率（Chr.1、Chr.7）；果皮收敛性（Chr.3、Chr.4）；果皮厚度（Chr.12、Chr.17）；穗重（Chr.1、Chr.11、Chr.14、Chr.15）；柠檬酸含量（Chr.1、Chr.3、Chr.7、Chr.12）；苹果酸（Chr.1、Chr.6、Chr.7）；酒石酸（Chr.1、Chr.7、Chr.17）；可滴定酸（Chr.4、Chr.10、Chr.12）、可溶性固形物（Chr.5、Chr.7、Chr.9、Chr.11）、蔗糖含量（Chr.4、Chr.6、Chr.11）、果糖（Chr.9、Chr.12）、葡萄糖（Chr.18） Berry color (Chr.2); Berry weight (Chr.1, Chr.6, Chr.8, Chr.9, Chr.13)； Berry volume (Chr.6, Chr.8, Chr.9, Chr.10, Chr.11, Chr.15, Chr.18); Berry length (Chr.7, Chr.10); Berry width (Chr.6, Chr.8, Chr.9, Chr.11, Chr.15, Chr.17); Seed length (Chr.1, Chr.5, Chr.6, Chr.8, Chr.9, Chr.10, Chr.18, Chr.19); Seed number (Chr.1, Chr.5, Chr.6, Chr.8, Chr.17, Chr.18); Berry shape (Chr.3, Chr.7, Chr.12); Berry firmness (Chr.2, Chr.6, Chr.12, Chr.16); Juice yield (Chr.1, Chr.7); Pericarp astringency (Chr.3, Chr.4); Berry skin thickness (Chr.12, Chr.17); Cluster weight (Chr.1, Chr.11, Chr.14, Chr.15); Citric acid content (Chr.1, Chr.3, Chr.7, Chr.12); Malic acid (Chr.1, Chr.6, Chr.7); Tartaric acid (Chr.1, Chr.7, Chr.17); Titratable acidity (Chr.4, Chr.10, Chr.12); Soluble solid content (Chr.5, Chr.7, Chr.9, Chr.11); Surcose content (Chr.4, Chr.6, Chr.11); Frucose (Chr.9, Chr.12); Glusose (Chr.18)	[118]
2025	279	SNP (566129)	种子相关性状（Chr.4、Chr.18）Seed related traits (Chr.4, Chr.18)	[125]
2025	1081（F₁）	SNP (42678-67394)	单果重（Chr.1、Chr.2、Chr.3、Chr.4、Chr.5、Chr.7、Chr.9、Chr.11、Chr.12、Chr.13、Chr.14、Chr.15、Chr.16、Chr.17、Chr.18、Chr.19）；可滴定酸（Chr.2、Chr.4、Chr.7、Chr.8、Chr.11、Chr.12、Chr.13、Chr.14、Chr.16、Chr.17、Chr.18、Chr.19）；果实pH（Chr.1、Chr.2、Chr.3、Chr.4、Chr.5、Chr.7、Chr.9、Chr.11、Chr.13、Chr.14、Chr.15、Chr.16、Chr.17、Chr.18、Chr.19）；果实糖含量（Chr.1、Chr.2、Chr.3、Chr.5、Chr.6、Chr.7、Chr.8、Chr.9、Chr.10、Chr.11、Chr.12、Chr.14、Chr.15、Chr.16、Chr.18、Chr.19）；穗重（Chr.2、Chr.4、Chr.6、Chr.7、Chr.8、Chr.9、Chr.10、Chr.12、Chr.13、Chr.14、Chr.16、Chr.17、Chr.18）；果穗紧密度（Chr.1、Chr.2、Chr.8、Chr.9、Chr.10、Chr.11、Chr.12、Chr.13、Chr.14、Chr.16、Chr.18）	[116]
			Berry weight (Chr.1, Chr.2, Chr.3, Chr.4, Chr.5, Chr.7, Chr.9, Chr.11, Chr.12, Chr.13, Chr.14, Chr.15, Chr.16, Chr.17, Chr.18, Chr.19); Titratable acidity (Chr.2, Chr.4, Chr.7, Chr.8, Chr.11, Chr.12, Chr.13, Chr.14, Chr.16, Chr.17, Chr.18, Chr.19); Berry pH (Chr.1, Chr.2, Chr.3, Chr.4, Chr.5, Chr.7, Chr.9, Chr.11, Chr.13, Chr.14, Chr.15, Chr.16, Chr.17, Chr.18, Chr.19); Sugar content (Chr.1, Chr.2, Chr.3, Chr.5, Chr.6, Chr.7, Chr.8, Chr.9, Chr.10, Chr.11, Chr.12, Chr.14, Chr.15, Chr.16, Chr.18, Chr.19); Cluster weight (Chr.2, Chr.4, Chr.6, Chr.7, Chr.8, Chr.9, Chr.10, Chr.12, Chr.13, Chr.14, Chr.16, Chr.17, Chr.18); Cluster compactness (Chr.1, Chr.2, Chr.8, Chr.9, Chr.10, Chr.11, Chr.12, Chr.13, Chr.14, Chr.16, Chr.18)
2025	288	SNP (11115)	果实纵径（Chr.1、Chr.6、Chr.8、Chr.11、Chr.14、Chr.19）；果实横径（Chr.1、Chr.2、Chr.3、Chr.5、Chr.6、Chr.11、Chr.14）；果实单重（Chr.4、Chr.5、Chr.6、Chr.11、Chr.19）；穗长（Chr.3、Chr.7、Chr.8、Chr.14）；穗宽（Chr.3、Chr.4、Chr.6、Chr.7、Chr.15、Chr.18）；穗重（Chr.1、Chr.9、Chr.10） Berry length (Chr.1, Chr.6, Chr.8, Chr.11, Chr.14, Chr.19); Berry width (Chr.1, Chr.2, Chr.3, Chr.5, Chr.6, Chr.11, Chr.14); Berry weight (Chr.4, Chr.5, Chr.6, Chr.11, Chr.19); Cluster length (Chr.3, Chr.7, Chr.8, Chr.14); Cluster width (Chr.3, Chr.4, Chr.6, Chr.7, Chr.15, Chr.18); Cluster weight (Chr.1, Chr.9, Chr.10)	[114]
2025	116	SNP (70335)	果穗紧密度（Chr.2、Chr.4、Chr.5、Chr.6、Chr.14、Chr.17、Chr.18） Cluster compactness (Chr.2, Chr.4, Chr.5, Chr.6, Chr.14, Chr.17, Chr.18)	[115]
2025	120	SNP (5848986)	果皮硬度（Chr.4、Chr.6、Chr.14）；果肉硬度（Chr.2、Chr.15）；果皮纤维素含量（除了Chr.7外，其他染色体均有分布）；果肉纤维素含量（Chr.1、Chr.2、Chr.3、Chr.5、Chr.6、Chr.10、Chr.12、Chr.14、Chr.16、Chr.18） Pericarp hardness (Chr.4, Chr.6,Chr.14); Mericarp hardness (Chr.2, Chr.15)； Pericarp cellulose content (distributed on all the Chrs except Chr.7); Mericarp cellulose content (Chr.1, Chr.2, Chr.3, Chr.5, Chr.6, Chr.10, Chr.12, Chr.14, Chr.16, Chr.18)	[127]
2025	149(F₁)	SNP (568953)	单萜（Chr.1、Chr.4、Chr.5、Chr.19、Chr.0（未知染色体）） Monoterpenes (Chr.1, Chr.4, Chr.5, Chr.19, Chr.0 (unkown))	[131]

Table 3

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Research Progress in Genetic Characteristics and Loci Mapping for Grape Berry Quality Traits

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