蚜虫危害与玉米果穗镰孢菌组成及毒素污染关系分析

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2024.16.006

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】The objective of this study is to clarify the relationship between maize aphids damage and the occurrence of maize ear rot and the level of mycotoxin pollution in maize kernels, and to provide a reference for establishing a comprehensive control system of maize ear rot and exploring the effective control technology of main Fusarium toxins.【Method】The 105 aphid-damaged maize ears were collected from 46 cities and counties in Jilin Province in 2021. Pathogenic fungi were isolated and identified using tissue isolation and molecular biology methods for aphids, bracts and kernels. The isolation frequency of different Fusarium species on each sample and the proportion of the same Fusarium number isolated from different sample combinations in aphid-infested samples were calculated. The distribution of pathogens in different regions of Jilin Province and the correlation between the species of Fusarium carried by aphids, bracts and kernels were analyzed. Additionally, ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) was employed to determine the presence of Fusarium toxin species and content of maize kernels with and without aphid infestation. The detection rate of fumonisin (FB), deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZEA) in samples exceeding the standard was calculated, and the effect of aphid damage on the toxin secretion of Fusarium in kernels was analyzed.【Result】Aphids, bracts and kernels from 105 ears were tested for the Fusarium, the infection rate of aphids was 57.14%, and that of bracts and kernels was 81.90% and 82.86%, respectively. A total of 1 394 Fusarium strains, including 16 pathogenic Fusarium species, were obtained through single spore isolation and purification. Among them, 8, 13 and 12 Fusarium species were isolated from aphids, bracts and kernels, respectively. The dominant Fusarium species on aphids, bracts and kernels were F. verticillioides and F. proliferatum. Three species including F. andiyazi, F. incarnatum and F. temperatum were detected for the first time on maize kernels in Jilin Province. The results of mycotoxin analysis revealed a higher incidence of positive mycotoxin contamination in aphid-damaged maize ears compared to aphid-undamaged ones. All maize samples exhibiting excessive mycotoxin content were damaged by aphids. The identification of corresponding mycotoxin-producing strains was possible in the majority of cases where mycotoxins were detected in aphid-damaged maize ears.【Conclusion】F. verticillioides and F. proliferatum were the dominant Fusarium species isolated from aphids, bracts and kernels. The main Fusarium species isolated from aphids, bracts and kernels on the same maize ear were the same. Aphid damage significantly increased toxin accumulation levels in maize kernels, and the type of toxin was highly correlated with the detection of Fusarium species.

Key words: maize ear rot, Fusarium, maize aphid, mycotoxin

CHAI HaiYan, PAN YiYuan, BAI Xue, MENG LingMin, ZHANG Wei, WU HongBin, WANG YiSheng, GAO YueBo, JIA Jiao, SU QianFu. Analysis of the Relationship Between Aphid-Damage and Fusarium Composition, Mycotoxin Pollution on Maize Ears[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2024, 57(16): 3171-3181.

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Figures/Tables 8

Table 1

Table 2

Table 3

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

Table 4

Table 5

Correlation between pathogenic Fusarium spp. and mycotoxin types in maize ears damaged by aphids"

检测点 Monitoring point	FB (μg·kg^-1)	DON (μg·kg^-1)	ZEA (μg·kg^-1)	镰孢菌（蚜虫） Fusarium (aphid)	镰孢菌（苞叶） Fusarium (bract)	镰孢菌（籽粒）Fusarium (kernel)
大安市安广镇Anguang Town, Daan City	ND	94	ND	ND	F. g, F. v	F. v
大安市两家子镇Liangjiazi Town, Daan City	ND	108	34	F. s, F. v	F. s, F. p	F. p
洮南市郊Suburb of Taonan City	165	ND	ND	F. v	F. p	F. p
镇赉县镇赉镇Zhenlai Town, Zhenlai County	ND	290	31	F. g, F. p, F. an	F. s, F. c	F. s
镇赉县建平乡Jianping Township, Zhenlai County	ND	1486	155	F. s, F. p, F. g	F. s, F. c, F. as	F. s
永吉县北大湖镇Beidahu Town, Yongji County	383	ND	ND	ND	ND	F. v
东辽县白泉镇Baiquan Town, Dongliao County	4141	225	ND	F. p	F. s, F. p, F. v, F. c	F. v, F. p
东丰县小四平镇Xiaosiping Town, Dongfeng County	117	ND	ND	ND	ND	F. v
梨树县万发镇Wanfa Town, Lishu County	1784	ND	29	F. v	F. v, F. s	F. v
双辽市王奔镇Wangben Town, Shuangliao City	ND	2496	ND	F. v	F. c, F. p	F. v
伊通县伊丹镇Yidan Town, Yitong County	ND	2542	ND	F. v	F. v, F. ip	F. v
前郭县吉拉吐乡Jilatu Township, Qianguo County	ND	1600	518	F. v	F. v	F. v, F. p
乾安县余字乡Yuzi Township, Qian’an County	ND	5115	99	F. p	F. g, F. p	F. b
乾安县乾安镇Qian’an Town, Qian’an County	ND	2378	1661	ND	F. v	F. b, F. an
辉南县朝阳镇Chaoyang Town, Huinan County	ND	162	ND	F. p	F. c, F. v, F. o	F. v
集安市青石镇Qingshi Town, Ji’an City	220	1095	29	F. t	F. f	F. p
梅河口市Meihekou City	ND	218	ND	F. p	F. g, F. ac	F. v
安图县明月镇Mingyue Town, Antu County	ND	ND	53	ND	F. t	F. p
和龙市东城镇Dongcheng Town, Helong City	134	ND	ND	ND	F. p	F. p, F. in, F. c
龙井市老头沟镇Laotougou Town, Longjing City	773	ND	ND	ND	F. in, F. v	ND
图们市凉水镇Liangshui Town, Tumen City	4800	ND	ND	ND	F. p	F. p
公主岭市范家屯镇Fanjiatun Town, Gongzhuling City	ND	179	ND	F. v	F. p, F. c, F. e, F. v	F. v
九台区卡伦镇Kalun Town, Jiutai District	ND	128	ND	F. v	F. p, F. c, F. v	F. v
双阳区鹿乡镇Luxiang Town, Shuangyang District	110	ND	ND	F. p, F. av	F. p, F. c, F. e, F. f	F. s

Table 5

Table 6

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区域 Area	样品数量 Sample number	蚜虫Aphid		苞叶Bract		籽粒Kernel
区域 Area	样品数量 Sample number	数量 Number	占比 Proportion (%)	数量 Number	占比 Proportion (%)	数量 Number	占比 Proportion (%)
东部East	42	13	30.95	31	73.81	29	69.05
中部Centre	48	36	75.00	41	85.42	44	91.67
西部West	15	11	73.33	14	93.33	14	93.33
合计Total	105	60	57.14	86	81.90	87	82.86

样品 Sample	1种One species		2种Two species		3种Three species		4种Four species		6种Six species
样品 Sample	数量 Number	占比 Proportion (%)	数量 Number	占比 Proportion (%)	数量 Number	占比 Proportion (%)	数量 Number	比例 Proportion (%)	数量 Number	占比 Proportion (%)
蚜虫Aphid	45	42.86	12	11.43	3	2.86	0	0	0	0
苞叶Bract	43	40.95	34	32.38	5	4.76	4	3.81	1	0.95
籽粒Kernel	73	69.52	11	10.48	3	2.86	0	0	0	0

镰孢菌 Fusarium	蚜虫Aphid		苞叶Bract		籽粒Kernel
镰孢菌 Fusarium	株数 Number of strains	分离频率Separation frequency (%)	株数 Number of strains	分离频率 Separation frequency (%)	株数 Number of strains	分离频率 Separation frequency (%)
拟轮枝镰孢F. verticillioides	231	47.63	139	35.37	285	55.23
层出镰孢F. proliferatum	134	27.63	132	33.59	127	24.61
亚黏团镰孢F. subglutinans	42	8.66	21	5.34	44	8.53
禾谷镰孢F. graminearum	32	6.60	5	1.27	8	1.55
温带镰孢F. temperatum	18	3.71	11	2.80	6	1.16
变红镰孢F. incarnatum	13	2.68	3	0.76	4	0.78
新知镰孢F. andiyazi	9	1.86	0	0	12	2.33
燕麦镰孢F. avenaceum	6	1.24	0	0	0	0
布氏镰孢F. boothii	0	0	0	0	5	0.97
厚垣镰孢F. chlamydosporum	0	0	40	10.18	6	1.16
木贼镰孢F. equiseti	0	0	15	3.82	4	0.78
藤仓镰孢F. fujikuroi	0	0	14	3.56	13	2.52
亚洲镰孢F. asiaticum	0	0	1	0.25	2	0.39
尖孢镰孢F. oxysporum	0	0	3	0.76	0	0
锐顶镰孢F. acuminatum	0	0	3	0.76	0	0
F. ipomoeae	0	0	6	1.53	0	0
合计Total	485		393		516

真菌毒素Mycotoxin	HM (n=94)				DAM (n=103)
真菌毒素Mycotoxin	检出率 Detection rate (%)	阳性均值 Positive mean (μg·kg^-1)	总体均值 Overall mean (μg·kg^-1)	阳性范围 Positive range (μg·kg^-1)	检出率 Detection rate (%)	阳性均值 Positive mean (μg·kg^-1)	总体均值 Overall mean (μg·kg^-1)	阳性范围 Positive range (μg·kg^-1)
FB₁	11.70	369.15	43.20	132.10-1481.00	11.65	795.74	91.82	64.58-3626.00
FB₂	4.26	84.34	3.59	47.33-123.80	5.83	407.31	23.73	14.09-1094.00
FB₃	2.13	91.26	1.94	62.02-120.50	3.88	203.88	7.92	103.30-393.80
DON	7.45	255.94	19.06	135.80-590.80	14.56	1207.76	175.89	93.62-5115.00
ZEA	4.26	26.81	0.29	25.10-29.41	8.74	289.90	25.33	29.18-1661.00

Analysis of the Relationship Between Aphid-Damage and Fusarium Composition, Mycotoxin Pollution on Maize Ears

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市（县）City (county)	检测点Monitoring point	FB (μg·kg^-1)	DON (μg·kg^-1)	ZEA (μg·kg^-1)
东辽Dongliao	白泉镇Baiquan Town	4141	-	-
图们Tumen	凉水镇Liangshui Town	4800	-	-
集安Ji’an	青石镇Qingshi Town	-	1095	-
双辽Shuangliao	王奔镇Wangben Town	-	2496	-
伊通Yitong	伊丹镇Yidan Town	-	2542	-
镇赉Zhenlai	建平乡Jinaping Township	-	1486	155
乾安Qian’an	乾安镇Qian’an Town	-	2378	1661
前郭Qianguo	吉拉吐乡Jilatu Township	-	1600	518
乾安Qian’an	余字乡Yuzi Township	-	5115	99

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