长期施氮条件下小麦铁锰累积及其与土壤养分的关系

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2023.17.011

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 The objective of the study was to explore the uptake and distribution of iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn) under long-term application of nitrogen fertilizer and its relationship with soil nutrients, to seek the nitrogen fertilizer regulation strategy based on yield and wheat Fe and Mn nutrition, and to provide a new perspective for the optimization of nitrogen fertilizer application and improvement of wheat quality. 【Method】 Based on the long-term nitrogen fertilizer experiment of winter wheat in dryland, the concentration of Fe and Mn in wheat grains, and their relationship with wheat grain yield, the uptake and distribution of Fe and Mn in wheat and soil nutrients were analyzed under nitrogen application rates of 0, 80, 160, 240, and 320 kg·hm^-2, respectively. 【Result】 Compared with the control, the application of nitrogen improved wheat grain yield, shoot Fe concentration, nutrient Fe and Fe concentration in grains, but decreased Mn concentration in wheat shoot and grains. When the nitrogen application was higher than 160 kg·hm^-2, no differences among treatments were found in the grain yield (5 857-6 598 kg·hm^-2) and grain Fe concentration (40.2-42.2 mg·kg^-1), and the Mn concentration in grains remained at a lower level (30.4-35.3 mg·kg^-1). N application significantly decreased soil pH and increased the proportion of weekly bound organic Fe and Mn and Mn oxide-bonded Fe in the soil, further enriching soil DTPA-Fe and DTPA-Mn content. Meanwhile, the correlation analysis showed that the concentration of Fe in grains had a significantly positive correlation with the yield, biomass, harvest index, spike number, grain number per panicle, grain Fe uptake and Fe harvest index, and soil Mn-oxide-bonded Fe, but it has a significantly negative correlation with the grain Mn concentration and soil residual Fe. However, the grain Mn concentration was significantly negatively correlated with grain yield, biomass, harvest index, spike number, grain number per panicle, grain Fe uptake and Fe harvest index, and was significantly positively correlated with the shoot Mn uptake, but there was no significant association found with various forms of Mn in soil. 【Conclusion】 In the northwest arid area, the long-term nitrogen application on calcareous soil could improve the availability of soil Fe, promote the absorption and localization of Fe in grains, and increase the Fe concentration in grains. Nitrogen application increased the soil Mn availability, but significantly inhibited the uptake of Mn by wheat, and resulted in a significant decrease of Mn concentration in grains. In addition, when the phosphorus supply level is consistent, a long-term lack of soil nitrogen supply may lead to low Fe concentration and high Mn concentration in wheat grains. Considering the yield, the bioavailability of Fe and Mn in grains and the environmentally-economic benefits, it was recommended that nitrogen application rate should be controlled at 160 kg N·hm^-2 on calcareous soil, since excessive nitrogen application fertilizer would not be conducive to further increase grain yield and improve its nutritional quality.

Key words: nitrogen fertilizer, winter wheat, Fe, Mn, dryland in Northwest China, calcareous soil

LIN JiangYun, YIN BenSu, WANG XingShu, LIU ChenRui, SUN Qing, XIE XingXing, CHENG LingLing, SUN LiWei, SHI Mei, WANG ZhaoHui. The Accumulation of Iron and Manganese in Wheat and Its Relationship with Soil Nutrients Under Long-Term Application of Nitrogen Fertilizer[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2023, 56(17): 3372-3382.

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References 47

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年份 Year	处理 Treatment	产量 Yield (kg·hm^-2)	公顷穗数 Spike number (×10⁴·hm^-2)	穗粒数 Grain number per panicle	千粒重 1000-grain weight (g)	养分含量 Nutrient concentration
年份 Year	处理 Treatment	产量 Yield (kg·hm^-2)	公顷穗数 Spike number (×10⁴·hm^-2)	穗粒数 Grain number per panicle	千粒重 1000-grain weight (g)	籽粒铁 GrFeC (mg·kg^-1)	籽粒锰 GrMnC (mg·kg^-1)	茎叶铁 ShFeC (mg·kg^-1)	茎叶锰 ShMnC (mg kg^-1)
2020	N0	3964c	384c	26.2b	39.5a	33.3a	54.4a	458.8a	55.5a
	N80	5283b	513b	26.2b	39.3ab	36.2a	43.9b	354.1a	45.1ab
	N160	6709a	606a	28.2ab	39.4ab	38.4a	36.5c	313.5a	35.7b
	N240	6329a	555ab	28.8a	39.6a	39.3a	35.4c	342.1a	42.1ab
	N320	6596a	628a	28.2ab	37.5b	38.9a	36.4c	313.3a	44.6ab
2021	N0	2671b	268b	22.63c	43.0a	32.2c	61.6a	210.3a	57.6a
	N80	4914a	478a	25.0bc	41.2a	37.0b	57.0b	151.1a	50.8ab
	N160	6488a	509a	29.5a	43.1a	42.0a	40.0c	182.7a	34.5c
	N240	5538a	424ab	32.3a	41.2a	45.1a	38.0c	156.4a	27.5c
	N320	5119a	419ab	28.7ab	42.6a	44.4a	37.2c	207.5a	39.3bc
年际均值 Average over 2 years
	N0	3317c	326b	24.4b	41.3a	32.8c	57.6a	334.5a	56.5a
	N80	5098b	495a	25.6b	40.2a	36.6b	46.5b	252.6b	47.9b
	N160	6598a	557a	28.9a	41.3a	40.2a	34.5c	248.1b	32.1c
	N240	5933ab	489a	30.6a	40.4a	42.2a	30.4c	249.3b	34.8c
	N320	5857ab	523a	28.5a	40.1a	41.7a	35.3c	260.4b	44.2b
F值F value
年际Year (Y)		8.5**	21.4***	0	21.1***	7.1	56.2***	46.4***	0.9
处理Treatment (T)		15.6***	9.8***	10.1***	0.6	10.6***	142.9***	1.7	9.1***
年际×处理Y×T		0.7	1.2	2.8*	8.9	1.6	9.0***	1	1.6

The Accumulation of Iron and Manganese in Wheat and Its Relationship with Soil Nutrients Under Long-Term Application of Nitrogen Fertilizer

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