Scientia Agricultura Sinica ›› 2023, Vol. 56 ›› Issue (17): 3372-3382.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2023.17.011

• SOIL&FERTILIZER·WATER-SAVING IRRIGATION·AGROECOLOGY&ENVIRONMENT • Previous Articles     Next Articles

The Accumulation of Iron and Manganese in Wheat and Its Relationship with Soil Nutrients Under Long-Term Application of Nitrogen Fertilizer

LIN JiangYun1(), YIN BenSu1, WANG XingShu1, LIU ChenRui1, SUN Qing1, XIE XingXing1, CHENG LingLing1, SUN LiWei1, SHI Mei1(), WANG ZhaoHui1,2()   

  1. 1College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University/Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Agro-Environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi
    2Northwest A & F University/State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi
  • Received:2022-08-31 Accepted:2022-10-24 Online:2023-09-01 Published:2023-09-08
  • Contact: SHI Mei, WANG ZhaoHui

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Abstract:

【Objective】 The objective of the study was to explore the uptake and distribution of iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn) under long-term application of nitrogen fertilizer and its relationship with soil nutrients, to seek the nitrogen fertilizer regulation strategy based on yield and wheat Fe and Mn nutrition, and to provide a new perspective for the optimization of nitrogen fertilizer application and improvement of wheat quality. 【Method】 Based on the long-term nitrogen fertilizer experiment of winter wheat in dryland, the concentration of Fe and Mn in wheat grains, and their relationship with wheat grain yield, the uptake and distribution of Fe and Mn in wheat and soil nutrients were analyzed under nitrogen application rates of 0, 80, 160, 240, and 320 kg·hm-2, respectively. 【Result】 Compared with the control, the application of nitrogen improved wheat grain yield, shoot Fe concentration, nutrient Fe and Fe concentration in grains, but decreased Mn concentration in wheat shoot and grains. When the nitrogen application was higher than 160 kg·hm-2, no differences among treatments were found in the grain yield (5 857-6 598 kg·hm-2) and grain Fe concentration (40.2-42.2 mg·kg-1), and the Mn concentration in grains remained at a lower level (30.4-35.3 mg·kg-1). N application significantly decreased soil pH and increased the proportion of weekly bound organic Fe and Mn and Mn oxide-bonded Fe in the soil, further enriching soil DTPA-Fe and DTPA-Mn content. Meanwhile, the correlation analysis showed that the concentration of Fe in grains had a significantly positive correlation with the yield, biomass, harvest index, spike number, grain number per panicle, grain Fe uptake and Fe harvest index, and soil Mn-oxide-bonded Fe, but it has a significantly negative correlation with the grain Mn concentration and soil residual Fe. However, the grain Mn concentration was significantly negatively correlated with grain yield, biomass, harvest index, spike number, grain number per panicle, grain Fe uptake and Fe harvest index, and was significantly positively correlated with the shoot Mn uptake, but there was no significant association found with various forms of Mn in soil. 【Conclusion】 In the northwest arid area, the long-term nitrogen application on calcareous soil could improve the availability of soil Fe, promote the absorption and localization of Fe in grains, and increase the Fe concentration in grains. Nitrogen application increased the soil Mn availability, but significantly inhibited the uptake of Mn by wheat, and resulted in a significant decrease of Mn concentration in grains. In addition, when the phosphorus supply level is consistent, a long-term lack of soil nitrogen supply may lead to low Fe concentration and high Mn concentration in wheat grains. Considering the yield, the bioavailability of Fe and Mn in grains and the environmentally-economic benefits, it was recommended that nitrogen application rate should be controlled at 160 kg N·hm-2 on calcareous soil, since excessive nitrogen application fertilizer would not be conducive to further increase grain yield and improve its nutritional quality.

Key words: nitrogen fertilizer, winter wheat, Fe, Mn, dryland in Northwest China, calcareous soil

Table 1

Basic chemical properties of the 0-20 cm layer soil at initiation of the long-term phosphorus experiment in 2004"

pH 有机质
Organic matter (g·kg-1)		 全氮
Total N
(g·kg-1)		 速效磷
Olsen-P
(mg·kg-1)		 速效钾
NH4OAc-K (mg·kg-1)		 NH4+-N
(mg·kg-1)		 NO3--N
(mg·kg-1)		 有效铁
Available Fe (mg·kg-1)		 有效锰
Available Mn
(mg·kg-1)
8.3 13.8 1.1 15 182.4 2.4 5.4 4.8 14.4

Fig. 1

Effects of nitrogen fertilizer application on yield, Fe and Mn concentrations in wheat grains"

Table 2

Effects of nitrogen application on grain Fe and Mn concentration, yield and yield composition of wheat"

年份
Year		 处理
Treatment		 产量
Yield
(kg·hm-2)		 公顷穗数
Spike number
(×104·hm-2)		 穗粒数
Grain number per panicle 		千粒重
1000-grain weight (g)		 养分含量 Nutrient concentration
籽粒铁
GrFeC
(mg·kg-1)		 籽粒锰
GrMnC
(mg·kg-1)		 茎叶铁
ShFeC
(mg·kg-1)		 茎叶锰
ShMnC
(mg kg-1)
2020 N0 3964c 384c 26.2b 39.5a 33.3a 54.4a 458.8a 55.5a
N80 5283b 513b 26.2b 39.3ab 36.2a 43.9b 354.1a 45.1ab
N160 6709a 606a 28.2ab 39.4ab 38.4a 36.5c 313.5a 35.7b
N240 6329a 555ab 28.8a 39.6a 39.3a 35.4c 342.1a 42.1ab
N320 6596a 628a 28.2ab 37.5b 38.9a 36.4c 313.3a 44.6ab
2021 N0 2671b 268b 22.63c 43.0a 32.2c 61.6a 210.3a 57.6a
N80 4914a 478a 25.0bc 41.2a 37.0b 57.0b 151.1a 50.8ab
N160 6488a 509a 29.5a 43.1a 42.0a 40.0c 182.7a 34.5c
N240 5538a 424ab 32.3a 41.2a 45.1a 38.0c 156.4a 27.5c
N320 5119a 419ab 28.7ab 42.6a 44.4a 37.2c 207.5a 39.3bc
年际均值 Average over 2 years
N0 3317c 326b 24.4b 41.3a 32.8c 57.6a 334.5a 56.5a
N80 5098b 495a 25.6b 40.2a 36.6b 46.5b 252.6b 47.9b
N160 6598a 557a 28.9a 41.3a 40.2a 34.5c 248.1b 32.1c
N240 5933ab 489a 30.6a 40.4a 42.2a 30.4c 249.3b 34.8c
N320 5857ab 523a 28.5a 40.1a 41.7a 35.3c 260.4b 44.2b
F值F value
年际Year (Y) 8.5** 21.4*** 0 21.1*** 7.1 56.2*** 46.4*** 0.9
处理Treatment (T) 15.6*** 9.8*** 10.1*** 0.6 10.6*** 142.9*** 1.7 9.1***
年际×处理Y×T 0.7 1.2 2.8* 8.9 1.6 9.0*** 1 1.6

Fig. 2

Effect of nitrogen fertilizer application on wheat shoot Fe and Mn accumulation and harvest index"

Fig. 3

Correlation analysis of wheat grain Fe and Mn concentrations with yield and its components The data used for correlation analysis and linear regression analysis in the figure are original data. Red represents positive correlation, while blue represents negative correlation. The darker the color and the larger the circle, the larger the correlation coefficient. *: P<0.05, **: P<0.01, ***: P<0.001 GrY: Yield, Bm: Biomass, HI: Harvest index, SpN: Number of panicles (×104), GrN: Grain number per panicle, TGW: 1000-grain weight, ShFeU, ShMnU: Shoot Fe and Mn uptake, GrFeU, GrMnU: Grain Fe and Mn uptake, FeHI, MnHI: Fe and Mn harvest index, GrFeC, GrMnC: Grain Fe and Mn concentration"

Fig. 4

Effects of nitrogen fertilizer application on soil pH, DTPA-Fe and DTPA-Mn"

Fig. 5

Effects of nitrogen fertilizer application on various Fe (a) and Mn forms (b) in soil Soil exchangeable (Ex-), weakly bound to organic matter (WbO-), carbonate bound (Carb-), manganese oxide bound (OxMn-), tightly organic bound (SbO-), residual Fe (Res-Fe) content. Apart from Res-Fe (×103 mg·kg-1) and Res-Mn (×10 mg·kg-1), the units of other soil Fe and Mn fractions is the mg·kg-1"

Fig. 6

Correlation analysis between grain Fe (a), Mn concentrations (b) and soil nutrients The data used for correlation analysis in the figure are original data. Red represents positive correlation, while blue represents negative correlation. The darker the color, the narrower the oval, the larger the correlation coefficient. *: P<0.05, **: P<0.01, ***: P<0.001"

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