基于代谢组学的‘永春佛手’乌龙茶化学成分解析

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2022.04.012

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 Oolong teas made with different tea cultivars have a great difference in flavor and chemical components. In this study, non-targeted metabolomics, absolute quantitative analysis, and multivariate statistics analysis were used to investigate the chemical differences among Yongchun Foshou (YCFS), Tieguanyin (TGY) and Shuixian (SX) oolong tea and to screen characteristic chemical components of YCFS oolong tea, as well as to study the influence of tea cultivars on chemical components and sensory quality of oolong tea. 【Method】 Camellia sinensis cv. Foshou was used as the main research sample and Camellia sinensis cv. Tieguanyin and Camellia sinensis cv. Shuixian were used as the controls. Three tea cultivars were manufactured into fresh-scent, strong-scent and aged-scent oolong teas. Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-TOF/MS) was used for non-targeted metabolomics analysis to screen differential compounds in the oolong teas made from different cultivars. In addition, ultra-high performance liquid chromatograph, amino acid analyzer and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-orbitrap-mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS) was applied for absolute quantifications of main chemical constituents and differential compounds in oolong teas made from different tea cultivars. 【Result】 Compared with the control oolong teas of same scent type, YCFS oolong tea had relatively higher contents in total amino acid and theanine. The contents of total catechins and caffeine were not significantly different among the 3 cultivars in fresh-scent and strong-scent oolong teas, which were the highest in YCFS in aged-scent oolong teas. The content of gallic acid was SX>YCFS>TGY in 3 scent types oolong teas. Metabolomics analysis combined with multivariate statistics analysis showed that the compound patterns in oolong teas made from different tea cultivars were significantly different. In fresh-scent, strong-scent and aged-scent oolong teas, there were 50, 59 and 47 differential compounds between YCFS and control cultivar, respectively. Among them, 23 differential compounds were common, including 14 flavone (flavonol) glycosides, 5 catechins and their derivatives, 1 lipid, 1 alkaloid, 1 organic acid and 1 amino acid. Further quantitative analysis of 20 main flavone (flavonol) glycosides showed that the contents of 14 flavone (flavonol) glycosides were the highest in YCFS oolong teas, whose contents were 1.4 to 14.6-fold of that in TGY oolong teas and were 1.3 to 18.0-fold of that in SX oolong teas. Among four kinds of flavone (flavonol) glycosides, quercetin glycosides were the main flavone (flavonol) glycosides with higher contents than glycosides of kaempferol, myricetin and apigenin. Sensory evaluation combined with chemical composition results showed that the higher contents of flavone (flavonol) glycosides did not significantly enhance the astringency of YCFS oolong tea infusions. 【Conclusion】 The metabolomics method effectively characterized the component differences in oolong teas made from different tea cultivars in this study. There were obvious differences in compound patterns among YCFS, TGY and SX oolong teas. Flavone (flavonol) glycosides were the most significantly differential compounds. The higher content of flavone (flavonol) glycosides was a major chemical feature of YCFS oolong tea and was expected to be used as a discriminant index for the identification of oolong tea cultivar in the future.

Key words: oolong tea, cultivar-characteristic components, metabolomics, LC-MS, flavone (flavonol) glycoside

PENG JiaKun, DAI WeiDong, YAN YongQuan, ZHANG Yue, CHEN Dan, DONG MingHua, LÜ MeiLing, LIN Zhi. Study on the Chemical Constituents of Yongchun Foshou Oolong Tea Based on Metabolomics[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2022, 55(4): 769-784.

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Figures/Tables 5

Table 1

Amino acid content of three scents oolong tea made from different tea cultivars (mg·g-1)"

含量 Content (mg·g^-1)	清香型乌龙茶 Fresh-scent oolong tea			浓香型乌龙茶 Strong-scent oolong tea			陈香型乌龙茶 Aged-scent oolong tea
含量 Content (mg·g^-1)	永春佛手 YCFS	铁观音 TGY	水仙 SX	永春佛手 YCFS	铁观音 TGY	水仙 SX	永春佛手 YCFS	铁观音 TGY	水仙 SX
茶氨酸 Theanine	7.66±3.68a	4.96±0.31a	5.45±0.38a	2.14±2.60a	1.32±0.21a	1.39±0.34a	2.28±0.19a	0.96±0.04b	0.74±0.35b
天冬氨酸 Aspartic acid	1.21±0.48a	0.91±0.05a	1.27±0.08a	0.66±0.43a	0.43±0.03b	0.13±0.03c	0.49±0.05a	0.31±0.03b	0.27±0.04b
苏氨酸 Threonine	0.27±0.12a	0.23±0.01a	0.24±0.04a	0.12±0.10a	0.10±0.02a	0.00±0.00b	0.11±0.03a	0.05±0.01b	0.03±0.03b
丝氨酸 Serine	0.38±0.12a	0.32±0.02a	0.30±0.06a	0.16±0.14a	0.15±0.04a	0.01±0.01b	0.15±0.07a	0.07±0.02a	0.05±0.02a
天冬酰胺 Asparagine	0.23±0.34b	0.00±0.00c	0.66±0.08a	0.14±0.17a	0.00±0.00b	0.05±0.05a	0.00±0.00a	0.00±0.00a	0.05±0.09a
谷氨酸 Glutamic acid	1.23±0.42a	1.28±0.09a	1.01±0.12a	0.33±0.44a	0.41±0.10a	0.00±0.00b	0.49±0.09a	0.19±0.04b	0.12±0.10b
谷氨酰胺 Glutamine	0.29±0.16a	0.11±0.01b	0.24±0.05a	0.05±0.13a	0.06±0.07a	0.00±0.00b	0.00±0.00a	0.02±0.03a	0.00±0.00a
脯氨酸 Proline	0.02±0.02a	0.02±0.03a	0.01±0.02a	0.01±0.02a	0.01±0.01a	0.00±0.00b	0.02±0.01a	0.02±0.03a	0.02±0.03a
甘氨酸 Glycine	0.03±0.02a	0.02±0.02a	0.04±0.02a	0.01±0.02a	0.00±0.00b	0.00±0.00b	0.02±0.04a	0.00±0.00a	0.00±0.00a
丙氨酸 Alanine	0.15±0.03a	0.18±0.05a	0.14±0.05a	0.11±0.08a	0.10±0.01a	0.01±0.01b	0.14±0.04a	0.09±0.01a	0.08±0.00a
缬氨酸 Valine	0.15±0.09a	0.13±0.02a	0.06±0.10a	0.07±0.07a	0.02±0.02b	0.00±0.00c	0.04±0.04a	0.01±0.01a	0.01±0.01a
胱氨酸 Cystine	0.11±0.14a	0.11±0.02a	0.06±0.05a	0.00±0.00a	0.00±0.00a	0.00±0.00a	0.00±0.00a	0.00±0.00a	0.00±0.00a
蛋氨酸 Methionine	0.01±0.02a	0.00±0.00a	0.00±0.00a	0.00±0.00a	0.00±0.00a	0.00±0.00a	0.00±0.00a	0.00±0.00a	0.00±0.00a
异亮氨酸 Isoleucine	0.10±0.06b	0.09±0.01b	0.18±0.01a	0.05±0.05a	0.04±0.01a	0.00±0.00b	0.05±0.01a	0.04±0.01a	0.02±0.02a
亮氨酸 Leucine	0.13±0.06ab	0.10±0.01b	0.19±0.00a	0.07±0.06a	0.05±0.02a	0.00±0.00b	0.10±0.03a	0.08±0.03a	0.05±0.05a
酪氨酸 Tyrosine	0.13±0.04b	0.09±0.00c	0.25±0.03a	0.06±0.06a	0.02±0.02b	0.00±0.00c	0.10±0.02a	0.03±0.03b	0.01±0.01b
苯丙氨酸 Phenylalanine	0.55±0.13a	0.37±0.05b	0.47±0.08a	0.39±0.28a	0.25±0.04a	0.00±0.00b	0.37±0.05a	0.29±0.06a	0.17±0.15a
γ-氨基丁酸 γ-aminobutyric acid	0.30±0.10a	0.08±0.01c	0.15±0.01b	0.13±0.10a	0.04±0.04a	0.04±0.02a	0.11±0.10a	0.04±0.03a	0.03±0.00a
组氨酸 Histidine	0.09±0.03a	0.08±0.02a	0.12±0.02a	0.04±0.05a	0.04±0.01a	0.00±0.00b	0.03±0.03a	0.01±0.01a	0.01±0.01a
色氨酸 Tryptophan	0.24±0.10b	0.28±0.11ab	0.40±0.05a	0.09±0.09a	0.11±0.06a	0.00±0.00b	0.12±0.04a	0.08±0.04a	0.04±0.04a
赖氨酸 Lysine	0.30±0.12ab	0.21±0.06b	0.49±0.09a	0.30±0.18a	0.19±0.07a	0.27±0.12a	0.42±0.28a	0.23±0.10a	0.19±0.07a
精氨酸 Arginine	0.25±0.17b	0.13±0.03b	0.59±0.01a	0.16±0.13a	0.00±0.00b	0.00±0.00b	0.20±0.22a	0.09±0.08a	0.19±0.11a
氨基酸总量 Total amino acid	13.82±5.04a	9.70±0.72a	12.29±0.05a	5.10±4.48a	3.34±0.69a	1.45±0.33b	5.25±0.26a	2.59±0.33b	2.07±0.64b

Table 1

Table 2

The content of catechins, caffeine and gallic acid in three scents oolong teas made from different tea cultivars (mg·g-1)"

含量 Content (mg·g^-1)	清香型乌龙茶 Fresh-scent oolong tea			浓香型乌龙茶 Strong-scent oolong tea			陈香型乌龙茶 Aged-scent oolong tea
含量 Content (mg·g^-1)	永春佛手 YCFS	铁观音 TGY	水仙 SX	永春佛手 YCFS	铁观音 TGY	水仙 SX	永春佛手 YCFS	铁观音 TGY	水仙 SX
表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯 EGCG	65.44±10.69c	72.88±0.04b	81.89±0.22a	54.68±10.66a	68.16±0.15a	36.46±0.09b	50.68±0.05a	37.00±0.11b	31.87±0.06c
没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯 GCG	2.11±0.35a	1.54±0.01b	0.42±0.06c	3.48±1.54a	1.59±0.01a	3.22±0.01a	1.48±0.02b	0.97±0.01c	2.49±0.01a
表儿茶素没食子酸酯 ECG	20.20±4.39a	18.94±0.02a	22.46±0.06a	16.47±4.13a	16.87±0.03a	10.02±0.02b	13.15±0.01a	8.77±0.02c	9.70±0.02b
儿茶素没食子酸酯 CG	7.50±0.98a	5.33±0.01b	3.28±0.04c	6.58±1.10a	4.47±0.01b	2.66±0.03c	4.31±1.23a	1.43±0.09c	2.61±0.00b
酯型儿茶素总量 Total gallated- type catechins	95.24±16.02b	98.70±0.07b	108.06±0.30a	81.20±15.66a	91.09 ± 0.19a	52.36 ± 0.14b	69.60±1.21a	48.17±0.17b	46.66±0.08b
表没食子儿茶素 EGC	48.77±8.36a	39.76±0.33a	40.82±0.36a	31.29±10.95a	31.80±0.82a	12.00±0.22b	22.00±0.27a	15.87±0.16b	10.90±0.44c
没食子儿茶素 GC	2.40±0.41a	1.60±0.09b	2.51±0.01a	6.48±2.34a	5.66±0.01a	8.30±0.03a	0.99±0.04b	0.76±0.02c	2.23±0.46a
表儿茶素 EC	13.72±2.12a	10.40±0.00b	9.60±0.02b	9.42±3.65a	8.96±0.01a	2.83±0.02b	6.73±0.50a	3.18±0.01b	2.46±0.01c
儿茶素 C	4.98±2.45b	2.58±0.11b	8.33±0.06a	6.26±3.26a	3.30±0.60a	2.89±0.05a	3.81±0.08a	2.11±0.04c	3.17±0.44b
非酯型儿茶素总量 Total non-gallated- type catechins	69.88±10.51a	54.33±0.17b	61.26±0.32a	53.44±11.78a	49.72±1.41a	26.01±0.22b	33.53±0.44a	21.92±0.13b	18.76±0.65b
儿茶素总量 Total catechins	165.13±25.23a	153.02±0.11a	169.32±0.62a	134.64±26.84a	140.82±1.54a	78.37±0.36b	103.13±0.83a	70.09±0.30b	65.43±0.73c
咖啡碱 Caffeine	25.20±4.67a	26.32±0.09a	30.81±0.08a	25.89±4.68a	26.70±0.07a	22.44±0.05a	27.40±0.02a	20.92±0.03c	27.26±0.06b
没食子酸 Gallic acid	0.53±0.25b	0.19±0.00c	1.26±0.05a	1.73±0.89b	0.93±0.02b	3.22±0.01a	2.32±0.00b	2.23±0.01c	5.32±0.02a

Table 2

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

Table 3

Quantitative analysis of total flavonoid and flavone (flavonol) glycosides in three scents oolong tea (mg·g-1)"

含量 Content（mg·g^-1）	清香型乌龙茶 Fresh-scent oolong tea			浓香型乌龙茶 Strong-scent oolong tea			陈香型乌龙茶 Aged-scent oolong tea
含量 Content（mg·g^-1）	永春佛手 YCFS	铁观音 TGY	水仙 SX	永春佛手 YCFS	铁观音 TGY	水仙 SX	永春佛手 YCFS	铁观音 TGY	水仙 SX
总黄酮 Total flavone	36.84±2.91a	27.87±2.05b	29.78±2.24b	38.11±3.51a	28.00±2.56b	23.83±1.37b	26.28±1.09a	16.82±0.86b	15.79±0.50b
槲皮素 3-O-半乳糖酰芸香糖苷 Quercetin 3-O-galactosylrutinoside	0.41±0.04a	0.14±0.01b	0.40±0.01a	0.35±0.06a	0.14±0.01b	0.15±0.00b	0.30±0.00a	0.25±0.00b	0.20±0.01b
槲皮素 3-O-葡萄糖酰芸香糖苷 Quercetin 3-O-glucosylrutinoside	2.04±0.18a	0.85±0.04b	1.00±0.02b	1.72±0.25a	0.80±0.03b	0.73±0.02b	1.72±0.02a	1.21±0.04b	1.14±0.03b
槲皮素 3-O-芸香糖苷* Quercetin 3-O-rutinoside*	1.43±0.12a	0.58±0.03b	0.95±0.03b	1.18±0.22a	0.52±0.02b	0.66±0.02b	0.95±0.01a	0.68±0.02b	0.74±0.03b
槲皮素 3-O-半乳糖苷* Quercetin 3-O-galactose*	2.66±0.52a	0.60±0.03b	2.94±0.07a	2.09±0.55a	0.57±0.02b	0.61±0.02b	1.33±0.03a	1.21±0.18a	1.03±0.02b
槲皮素 3-O-葡萄糖苷* Quercetin 3-O-glucoside*	0.98±0.13a	0.19±0.01b	0.58±0.03b	0.80±0.20a	0.16±0.01b	0.19±0.00b	0.61±0.01a	0.33±0.01b	0.49±0.01b
山柰酚 3-O-半乳糖酰芸香糖苷 Kaempferol 3-O-galactosylrutinoside	0.26±0.08a	0.04±0.00b	0.42±0.01b	0.22±0.06a	0.05±0.00b	0.07±0.00b	0.12±0.00a	0.11±0.00b	0.10±0.00b
山柰酚 3-O-葡萄糖酰芸香糖苷 Kaempferol 3-O-glucosylrutinoside	2.06±0.41a	0.38±0.01b	0.80±0.03b	1.81±0.33a	0.35±0.00b	0.39±0.01b	1.23±0.00a	0.76±0.02b	0.63±0.02b
山柰酚 3-O-芸香糖苷* Kaempferol 3-O-rutinoside*	0.70±0.18a	0.13±0.01b	0.33±0.01b	0.61±0.16a	0.12±0.00b	0.13±0.00b	0.34±0.00a	0.21±0.00b	0.22±0.00b
山柰酚 3-O-半乳糖苷* Kaempferol 3-O-galactoside*	0.35±0.18a	0.02±0.00b	0.22±0.01b	0.30±0.16a	0.02±0.00b	0.03±0.00b	0.14±0.00a	0.07±0.00b	0.10±0.00b
山柰酚 3-O-葡萄糖苷 Kaempferol 3-O-glucoside	0.02±0.01a	0.01±0.00b	0.00±0.00b	0.01±0.00a	0.01±0.00b	0.00±0.00b	0.02±0.00a	0.01±0.00b	0.01±0.00b
牡荆素* Vitexin*	0.03±0.00a	0.01±0.00b	0.02±0.00b	0.05±0.01a	0.01±0.00b	0.02±0.00b	0.07±0.00a	0.04±0.00b	0.03±0.00b
异牡荆素* Isovitexin*	0.88±0.08a	0.24±0.01b	0.56±0.00b	1.30±0.20a	0.33±0.01b	0.47±0.00b	1.76±0.02a	0.89±0.02b	0.71±0.01b
芹菜素 6,8-C-二葡萄糖苷 Apigenin 6,8-C-diglucoside	0.71±0.09a	0.24±0.01b	0.34±0.00b	0.73±0.19a	0.25±0.01b	0.23±0.01b	0.96±0.01a	0.53±0.00b	0.35±0.00b
芹菜素 6-C-葡萄糖-8-C-阿拉伯糖苷 Apigenin 6-C-glucoside-8-C-arabinoside	0.11±0.01a	0.05±0.00b	0.05±0.00b	0.08±0.03a	0.04±0.00b	0.02±0.00b	0.15±0.00a	0.07±0.00b	0.05±0.00b
芹菜素 6-C-阿拉伯糖-8-C-葡萄糖苷 Apigenin 6-C-arabinoside-8-C-glucoside	0.12±0.01a	0.05±0.00b	0.06±0.00b	0.11±0.04a	0.05±0.00b	0.02±0.00b	0.17±0.00a	0.09±0.00b	0.06±0.00b
杨梅素 3-O-半乳糖酰芸香糖苷 Myricetin 3-O-galactosylrutinoside	0.00±0.00a	0.00±0.00a	0.00±0.00a	0.00±0.00a	0.00±0.00a	0.00±0.00a	0.00±0.00a	0.00±0.00a	0.00±0.00a
杨梅素 3-O-葡萄糖酰芸香糖苷 Myricetin 3-O-glucosylrutinoside	0.01±0.00a	0.00±0.00b	0.00±0.00b	0.01±0.00a	0.00±0.00b	0.00±0.00b	0.01±0.00a	0.01±0.00a	0.01±0.00a
杨梅素 3-O-半乳糖苷* Myricetin 3-O-galactoside*	0.35±0.04a	0.19±0.01b	0.11±0.00c	0.29±0.05a	0.19±0.01b	0.09±0.00c	0.26±0.00a	0.16±0.01b	0.10±0.00c
杨梅素 3-O-芸香糖苷 Myricetin 3-O-rutinoside	0.09±0.01a	0.08±0.00a	0.02±0.00b	0.07±0.01a	0.07±0.00a	0.03±0.00b	0.07±0.00a	0.06±0.00a	0.03±0.00b
杨梅素 3-O-葡萄糖苷 Myricetin 3-O-glucoside	0.40±0.04a	0.27±0.01b	0.13±0.01c	0.33±0.05a	0.24±0.01b	0.13±0.00c	0.33±0.01a	0.21±0.01b	0.15±0.00c

Table 3

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