氮素水平及形态对娃娃菜根系特征及生理指标的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2022.02.012

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 All higher plants regulate their root morphology to obtain sufficient nutrients and moisture from the soil environment, of which nitrogen is a critical factor in regulating root morphology. The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of nitrogen levels and forms on root morphology of mini Chinese cabbage and its physiological mechanism and to identify the key factors involved in root morphology shaping, which laid a foundation for further research on the molecular mechanism of nitrogen regulation on plant root morphology. 【Method】 Mini Chinese cabbage (variety ‘Hui nong jin wawa’) were used as test material, four combinations including two nitrogen concentrations (0.1 mmol∙L ^-1 and 1 mmol∙L^-1) and two nitrogen forms (NO₃^- and NH₄⁺) were set up. The root morphological parameters, including total root length, root volume, root surface area and root tip number, and root physiological indicators, including NO₃^- content, NH₄⁺ content, sugar, nitric oxide (NO), hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), as well as the activities of rooting related enzymes such as peroxidase (POD), polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and indole acetic acid oxidase (IAAO), were evaluated by root scanner and physiological experiment methods. The contents of endogenous hormones, including cytokinins (CTK), jasmonic acids (JA), auxin (IAA), salicylic acid (SA), 1-aminocyclopropyl-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) and abscisic acid (ABA), were determined by LC-MS/SM absolute quantitative analysis using isotope internal standard method. The correlation between root morphology and physiological indexes were also analyzed. 【Result】Under the same nitrogen form, the different nitrogen levels had different effects on the root morphology and physiology of mini Chinese cabbage. Compared with higher concentration (1.0 mmol∙L^-1) NO₃^- (HN), low concentration (0.1 mmol∙L^-1) NO₃^- (LN) significantly increased the total root length, surface area and number of root tips by 43%, 24% and 50%, respectivley. Compared with HN treatment, the content of reducing sugar increased by 55.81%, the content of NO increased by 18.3%, while the content of H₂O₂ decreased by 20.44% in LN-treated plants. Compared with higher concentration (1.0 mmol∙L^-1) of NH₄⁺ (HA), the low concentration (0.1 mmol∙L^-1) of NH₄⁺ (LA) increased the total root length, total root volume, total root surface area and root tips by 96%, 73%, 85%, and 45%, respectively. Compared with HA treatment, LA treatment increased the reducing sugar content by 200%, and both NO and H₂O₂ decreased to 74.59% and 13.58%, respectively. Under the same nitrogen level, the different nitrogen forms affected the root morphology and physiological indexes of mini Chinese cabbage. Compared with LA treatment, LN treatment increased the total root length and total root surface area, decreased the total root volume and total root tip number, and increased the content of reducing sugars. The contents of NO and H₂O₂ under LA treatment were 73.68% and 40.98% lower than that under LN treatment, respectively. Compared with HA treatment, HN treatment increased total root length, total root volume and total root surface area, and decreased the total number of root tips. Compared with HN treatment, HA treatment reduced NO and H₂O₂ content by 82.16%, and 58.66%, respectively. The content of 12-oxo- phytodienoic acid (12-OPDA) in root hormones was the highest under LA treatment, which was 55.18% higher than that under HA treatment. Under each treatment, the content of 12-OPDA was LA>LN>HA>HN; the content of indole acetic acid (IAA) was the largest in HN, which was 44.10% higher than LN, and the IAA content of LA was 93.79% higher than that of HA. The content of IAA under each treatment was HN> LA>LN>HA. The results of correlation analysis between root morphology and physiological indexes showed that root length was significantly positively correlated with reducing sugar (P<0.01), and the number of root tips was positively correlated with 12-OPDA (P<0.05). 【Conclusion】The low concentration of nitrate nitrogen affected root reducing sugar and promotesd the elongation of the main root and lateral roots of mini Chinese cabbage. The low concentration of ammonium nitrogen regulated the 12-OPDA content, which could increase the number of lateral roots of mini Chinese cabbage root system.

Key words: mini Chinese cabbage, nitrogen nutrient, root development, endogenous hormone

MA YuFeng,ZHOU ZhongXiong,LI YuTong,GAO XueQin,QIAO YaLi,ZHANG WenBin,XIE JianMing,HU LinLi,YU JiHua. Effects of Nitrogen Level and Form on Root Morphology of Mini Chinese Cabbage and Its Physiological Index[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2022, 55(2): 378-389.

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References 58

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处理 Treatment	总根长 Total root length (cm)	总根体积 Total root volume (cm³)	总根表面积 Total surface area (cm²)	总根尖数 Total root tip number
LN (0.1 mmol∙L^-1NO₃^-)	78.592±6.390a	0.032±0.002a	5.606±0.223a	71.976±10.539ab
HN (1.0 mmol∙L^-1NO₃^-)	54.984±3.140b	0.031±0.003a	4.530±0.192b	48.000±2.459c
LA (0.1 mmol∙L^-1 NH₄⁺)	69.341±5.290ab	0.033±0.002a	5.317±0.287ab	78.125±3.449a
HA (1.0 mmol∙L^-1NH₄⁺)	35.350±1.004c	0.019±0.001b	2.866±0.058c	53.880±6.997bc

处理 Treatment	硝态氮含量 NO₃^-content (μg∙g^-1FW)	铵态氮含量 NH₄⁺content (μg∙g^-1FW)	还原糖含量 Reducing sugar content (%)	可溶性糖含量 Soluble sugar content (%)
LN (0.1 mmol∙L^-1 NO₃^-)	378.083±35.695a	655.320±20.607c	0.067±0.007a	0.783±0.0467b
HN (1.0 mmol∙L^-1 NO₃^-)	328.787±29.394a	2361.460±99.972b	0.043±0.003b	0.703±0.103b
LA (0.1 mmol∙L^-1 NH₄⁺)	124.377±4.100b	675.360±43.822c	0.060±0.006ab	1.173±0.118a
HA (1.0 mmol∙L^-1 NH₄⁺)	387.205±0.295a	2595.957±86.429a	0.020±0.006c	0.660±0.036b

处理 Treatment	NO含量 Nitric oxide content (μmol∙g^-1FW)	H₂O₂含量 Hydrogen peroxide content (μmol∙g^-1FW)
LN (0.1 mmol∙L^-1 NO₃^-)	52.462±3.590a	0.510±0.023b
HN (1.0 mmol∙L^-1 NO₃^-)	44.341±4.495a	0.641±0.040a
LA (0.1 mmol∙L^-1 NH₄⁺)	13.809±5.506b	0.301±0.012c
HA (1.0 mmol∙L^-1 NH₄⁺)	7.915±0.873b	0.265±0.013c

处理 Treatment	POD活性 POD Activity (U∙min^-1∙g^-1FW)	PPO活性 PPO Activity (U∙min^-1∙g^-1FW)	IAAO活性 IAAO Activity (U∙g^-1FW)
LN (0.1 mmol∙L^-1 NO₃^-)	710.409±126.831b	323.223±41.980b	8.425±0.771c
HN (1.0 mmol∙L^-1 NO₃^-)	1580.277±92.126a	487.847±34.197a	10.070±0.463c
LA (0.1 mmol∙L^-1 NH₄⁺)	1717.460±63.977a	125.969±8.734c	18.977±0.388b
HA (1.0 mmol∙L^-1 NH₄⁺)	1759.095±10.864a	288.979±37.418b	25.624±0.586a

处理 Treatment	CTK
处理 Treatment	cZR含量 cZR content (ng∙g^-1)	IPR含量 IPR content (ng∙g^-1)	IP含量 IP content (ng∙g^-1)	tZR含量 tZR content (ng∙g^-1)	cZ含量 cZ content (ng∙g^-1)	tZ含量 tZ content (ng∙g^-1)
LN (0.1 mmol∙L^-1 NO₃^-)	46.986±4.348a	1.741±0.307b	0.405±0.004a	0.444±0.052b	1.129±0.077a	3.469±0.147b
HN (1.0 mmol∙L^-1 NO₃^-)	47.440±4.432a	2.574±0.224a	0.437±0.022a	0.741±0.080a	1.359±0.194a	3.551±0.257b
LA (0.1 mmol∙L^-1 NH₄⁺)	52.372±2.106a	3.083±0.187a	0.422±0.006a	0.608±0.029ab	1.185±0.120a	6.334±0.505a
HA (1.0 mmol∙L^-1 NH₄⁺)	41.828±1.405a	1.731±0.212b	0.397±0.012a	0.443±0.017b	1.074±0.125a	4.510±0.608b

Effects of Nitrogen Level and Form on Root Morphology of Mini Chinese Cabbage and Its Physiological Index

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处理 Treatment	JA			IAA含量 IAA content (ng∙g^-1)	SA含量 SA content (ng∙g^-1)	ACC含量 ACC content (ng∙g^-1)	ABA含量 ABA content (ng∙g^-1)
处理 Treatment	12-OPDA含量 12-OPDA content (ng∙g^-1)	JA-ILE含量 JA-ILE content (ng∙g^-1)	JA含量 JA content (ng∙g^-1)	IAA含量 IAA content (ng∙g^-1)	SA含量 SA content (ng∙g^-1)	ACC含量 ACC content (ng∙g^-1)	ABA含量 ABA content (ng∙g^-1)
LN (0.1 mmol∙L^-1 NO₃^-)	25.393±3.337ab	0.472±0.036b	10.804±1.209b	93.119±11.348b	202.601±12.412bc	24.754±1.260c	2.371±0.193a
HN (1.0 mmol∙L^-1 NO₃^-)	16.966±2.090b	0.728±0.208ab	16.305±3.735b	134.180±38.582ab	277.059±48.162ab	51.121±3.751a	2.603±0.348a
LA (0.1 mmol∙L^-1 NH₄⁺)	32.344±1.749a	1.623±0.481a	30.803±5.087a	120.352±14.078a	331.004±13.680a	31.948±0.816b	2.741±0.116a
HA (1.0 mmol∙L^-1 NH₄⁺)	20.844±2.659b	1.618±0.368a	22.741±4.163ab	62.133±3.745b	151.964±3.687c	31.819±2.344b	2.405±0.133a

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